TY - JOUR A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Herschbach, P. A1 - Weiner, H. A1 - von Rad, M. T1 - Psychologische Faktoren der Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD) N2 - Given the absence of any demonstrable organic reason for non~ulcer dyspepsia. and the weil known fact, that the psyche inOuences stomach function, it is widely held, that psychological factors cause NUD. To now, studies are concerned with the psychopathology and personality of NUDpatients, their illness behaviour, and with the relation between stress and abdominal pain. A critical review of these studies revea1ed, that among the psycho1ogical variables majnly anxiety and illness behaviour seems to playa central role in NUD. However. future studjes should focus more on the distinction towards other funcüonal disorders and on the djfferentation within the heterogeneous group of NUD~ patients (especially with regard to physiological variables). Besides this, it seems rewarding to examine the so far seienlifidy neglected group of subjects with abdomina] pain, who do not contact a physician. N2 - Da organische Ursachen für die Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia nicht nachweisbar sind und außerdem bekannt ist, daß die Psyche einen wichtigen Einfluß auf die Magenfu nktion hat. werden häufig psychologische Faktoren als Ursache der NUD angesehen. Bisher liegen empirische Arbeiten über die Psychopathologie und Persönlichkeitsstruktur der NUD-Patienten. deren Krankheitsverhalten sowie über den Zusammenhang zwischen Streß und Magenbeschwerden vor. Eine kritische Sichtung dieser Arbeiten ergab, daß umer den psychologischen Variablen die Angst und das Krankheitsverhalten der NUD-Patienten eine besondere Rolle zu spielen scheinen. In zukünftigen Studien sollte außerdem mehr als bisher auf die Abgrenzung gegenüber anderen funktionellen Störungsbildern und auf eine bessere Differenzierung (u. a. hinsichtlich physiologischer Funktionsveränderungen) innerhalb der heterogenen Gruppe der NUD-Patienten geachtet werden. Lohnenswert erscheint es auch, die bisher noch gar nicht untersuchten Personen mit Magenbeschwerden, aber ohne Arztkomakt. genauer psychologisch zu untersuchen. KW - Psychologie KW - Psychosomatik KW - Non-ulcer dyspepsia KW - functional dyspepsia KW - psychology Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80202 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang T1 - Metagedächtnis - Theoretische Fundierung und praktische Relevanz N2 - Wolfgang Schneider fasst den Stand der Forschung zum Konzept des Metagedächtnisses zusammen. Zunächst illustriert er Probleme der Definition und der Konzeptualisierung von Metagedächtnis und lässt eine knappe Charakterisierung der wichtigsten- Erfassungsmethoden folgen. Abschliessend werden die wichtigsten Befunde zur Entwicklung des Metagedächtnisses im Kindesalter und ihre Beziehung zur Anwendung von Gedächtnisstrategien und zur Entwicklung von Gedächtnisleistungen dargestellt. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50488 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vollmer, H. C. A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Ferstl, R. T1 - Prediction of premature termination of therapy in the treatment of drug addicts N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50274 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ellgring, Johann Heinrich A1 - Vollmer, Heinz C. T1 - Changes of personality and depression during treatment of drug addicts N2 - In accordance with various other studies. the present longitudinal study gave no clues for specific personality variables or traits 01' drug addicts. Personality factors did not allow a valid prediction of the kind 01' th~apy termination. nor were there clear deviations from the norm. Analyzed as a group. the addicts showed only minor changes that appeared over the course of treatment. These results correspond to data reported on alcohol dependency (cf. Wanke 1987). A more differentiated picture is gained when stable and changeable components of personality and analyzed separately. Changeable components are of special relevance for treatment. From the current study these were characteristics of action regulation, that is, activation and impulse control, social interaction, and somatic reactions (sleep disorders, bodily reactions to drug deprivation). For relapse prevention, attention should be given to stable, persistent, problematic components. Persistent suicidal ideas turned out to be one such aspect. Like the differentiation between state and trait anxiety, stable and variable components could also be separated for other domains of personality when they are used to describe the course of treatment. How can personality concepts and instruments for assessment be utilized for treatment? The claim of therapists to predict the outcome of a treatment may be realized for only a delimited period of time. Especially at such critical points as shortly before relapse, a firm prediction might be possible only rarely (Wanke 1987). Lack of predictability could be a warning which, however, can be verified only afterward. According to the current results, one benefit of personality concepts could be to specify targets of change on an individual basis and thus clarify effects of therapeutic interventions. Personality concepts can help patients to better understand their problems and to recognize changes as weil as persistent areas of vulnerability. KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-50287 ER -