TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brecht, Isabel
A1  - Weissbrich, Benedikt
A1  - Braun, Julia
A1  - Toyka, Klaus Viktor
A1  - Weishaupt, Andreas
A1  - Buttmann, Mathias
T1  - Intrathecal, Polyspecific Antiviral Immune Response in Oligoclonal Band Negative Multiple Sclerosis
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Background: Oligoclonal bands (OCB) are detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in more than 95% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Western hemisphere. Here we evaluated the intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response as a potential diagnostic CSF marker for OCB-negative MS patients. 
Methodology/Principal Findings: We tested 46 OCB-negative German patients with paraclinically well defined, definite MS. Sixteen OCB-negative patients with a clear diagnosis of other autoimmune CNS disorders and 37 neurological patients without evidence for autoimmune CNS inflammation served as control groups. Antibodies against measles, rubella, varicella zoster and herpes simplex virus in paired serum and CSF samples were determined by ELISA, and virus-specific immunoglobulin G antibody indices were calculated. An intrathecal antibody synthesis against at least one neurotropic virus was detected in 8 of 26 (31%) patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 8 of 12 (67%) with secondary progressive MS and 5 of 8 (63%) with primary progressive MS, in 3 of 16 (19%) CNS autoimmune and 3 of 37 (8%) non-autoimmune control patients. Antibody synthesis against two or more viruses was found in 11 of 46 (24%) MS patients but in neither of the two control groups. On average, MS patients with a positive antiviral immune response were older and had a longer disease duration than those without. 
Conclusion: Determination of the intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response may allow to establish a CSF-supported diagnosis of MS in OCB-negative patients when two or more of the four virus antibody indices are elevated.
KW  - MS
KW  - cerebrospinal fluid
KW  - differential diagnosis
KW  - nervous-system
KW  - criteria
KW  - serum
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134426
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Markert, Sebastian Matthias
A1  - Britz, Sebastian
A1  - Proppert, Sven
A1  - Lang, Marietta
A1  - Witvliet, Daniel
A1  - Mulcahy, Ben
A1  - Sauer, Markus
A1  - Zhen, Mei
A1  - Bessereau, Jean-Louis
A1  - Stigloher, Christian
T1  - Filling the gap: adding super-resolution to array tomography for correlated ultrastructural and molecular identification of electrical synapses at the C. elegans connectome
JF  - Neurophotonics
N2  - Correlating molecular labeling at the ultrastructural level with high confidence remains challenging. Array tomography (AT) allows for a combination of fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM) to visualize subcellular protein localization on serial EM sections. Here, we describe an application for AT that combines near-native tissue preservation via high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution with super-resolution light microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the same section. We established protocols that combine SEM with structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). We devised a method for easy, precise, and unbiased correlation of EM images and super-resolution imaging data using endogenous cellular landmarks and freely available image processing software. We demonstrate that these methods allow us to identify and label gap junctions in Caenorhabditis elegans with precision and confidence, and imaging of even smaller structures is feasible. With the emergence of connectomics, these methods will allow us to fill in the gap-acquiring the correlated ultrastructural and molecular identity of electrical synapses.
KW  - caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - localization micoscopy
KW  - fluorescent-probes
KW  - junction proteins
KW  - resolution limit
KW  - direct stochasticoptical reconstruction microscopy
KW  - structured illumination microscopy
KW  - correlative light and electron microscopy
KW  - gap junction
KW  - neural circuits
KW  - nervous-system
KW  - image data
KW  - reconstruction
KW  - innexins
KW  - super-resolution microscopy
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187292
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -