TY - JOUR A1 - Schreiber, Laura M. A1 - Lohr, David A1 - Baltes, Steffen A1 - Vogel, Ulrich A1 - Elabyad, Ibrahim A. A1 - Bille, Maya A1 - Reiter, Theresa A1 - Kosmala, Aleksander A1 - Gassenmaier, Tobias A1 - Stefanescu, Maria R. A1 - Kollmann, Alena A1 - Aures, Julia A1 - Schnitter, Florian A1 - Pali, Mihaela A1 - Ueda, Yuichiro A1 - Williams, Tatiana A1 - Christa, Martin A1 - Hofmann, Ulrich A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang A1 - Gerull, Brenda A1 - Zernecke, Alma A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Terekhov, Maxim T1 - Ultra-high field cardiac MRI in large animals and humans for translational cardiovascular research JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - A key step in translational cardiovascular research is the use of large animal models to better understand normal and abnormal physiology, to test drugs or interventions, or to perform studies which would be considered unethical in human subjects. Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) at 7 T field strength is becoming increasingly available for imaging of the heart and, when compared to clinically established field strengths, promises better image quality and image information content, more precise functional analysis, potentially new image contrasts, and as all in-vivo imaging techniques, a reduction of the number of animals per study because of the possibility to scan every animal repeatedly. We present here a solution to the dual use problem of whole-body UHF-MRI systems, which are typically installed in clinical environments, to both UHF-MRI in large animals and humans. Moreover, we provide evidence that in such a research infrastructure UHF-MRI, and ideally combined with a standard small-bore UHF-MRI system, can contribute to a variety of spatial scales in translational cardiovascular research: from cardiac organoids, Zebra fish and rodent hearts to large animal models such as pigs and humans. We present pilot data from serial CINE, late gadolinium enhancement, and susceptibility weighted UHF-MRI in a myocardial infarction model over eight weeks. In 14 pigs which were delivered from a breeding facility in a national SARS-CoV-2 hotspot, we found no infection in the incoming pigs. Human scanning using CINE and phase contrast flow measurements provided good image quality of the left and right ventricle. Agreement of functional analysis between CINE and phase contrast MRI was excellent. MRI in arrested hearts or excised vascular tissue for MRI-based histologic imaging, structural imaging of myofiber and vascular smooth muscle cell architecture using high-resolution diffusion tensor imaging, and UHF-MRI for monitoring free radicals as a surrogate for MRI of reactive oxygen species in studies of oxidative stress are demonstrated. We conclude that UHF-MRI has the potential to become an important precision imaging modality in translational cardiovascular research. KW - ultrahigh-field MRI KW - large animal models KW - translational research KW - research infrastructure KW - heart KW - organoid KW - pig KW - cardiovascular MRI Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317398 SN - 2297-055X VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gergs, Ulrich A1 - Jahn, Tina A1 - Schulz, Nico A1 - Großmann, Claudia A1 - Rueckschloss, Uwe A1 - Demus, Uta A1 - Buchwalow, Igor B. A1 - Neumann, Joachim T1 - Protein phosphatase 2A improves cardiac functional response to ischemia and sepsis JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Reversible protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins involved in cardiac signaling pathways. Here, we focus on the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) for cardiac gene expression and stress response using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte-specific overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG). Gene and protein expression were assessed under basal conditions by gene chip analysis and Western blotting. Some cardiac genes related to the cell metabolism and to protein phosphorylation such as kinases and phosphatases were altered in PP2A-TG compared to wild type mice (WT). As cardiac stressors, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in vivo and a global cardiac ischemia in vitro (stop-flow isolated perfused heart model) were examined. Whereas the basal cardiac function was reduced in PP2A-TG as studied by echocardiography or as studied in the isolated work-performing heart, the acute LPS- or ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction deteriorated less in PP2A-TG compared to WT. From the data, we conclude that increased PP2A activity may influence the acute stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes. KW - protein phosphorylation KW - PP2A KW - transgenic mice KW - heart KW - LPS KW - sepsis KW - ischemia Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284035 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiß, Emil A1 - Ramos, Gustavo Campos A1 - Delgobo, Murilo T1 - Myocardial-Treg crosstalk: How to tame a wolf JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - The immune system plays a vital role in maintaining tissue integrity and organismal homeostasis. The sudden stress caused by myocardial infarction (MI) poses a significant challenge for the immune system: it must quickly substitute dead myocardial with fibrotic tissue while controlling overt inflammatory responses. In this review, we will discuss the central role of myocardial regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in orchestrating tissue repair processes and controlling local inflammation in the context of MI. We herein compile recent advances enabled by the use of transgenic mouse models with defined cardiac antigen specificity, explore whole-heart imaging techniques, outline clinical studies and summarize deep-phenotyping conducted by independent labs using single-cell transcriptomics and T-cell repertoire analysis. Furthermore, we point to multiple mechanisms and cell types targeted by Tregs in the infarcted heart, ranging from pro-fibrotic responses in mesenchymal cells to local immune modulation in myeloid and lymphoid lineages. We also discuss how both cardiac-specific and polyclonal Tregs participate in MI repair. In addition, we consider intriguing novel evidence on how the myocardial milieu takes control of potentially auto-aggressive local immune reactions by shaping myosin-specific T-cell development towards a regulatory phenotype. Finally, we examine the potential use of Treg manipulating drugs in the clinic after MI. KW - Tregs (regulatory T cells) KW - Foxp3 KW - myocardial infarction KW - heart KW - fibrosis KW - T-cells Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275591 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 13 ER - TY - THES A1 - Yaqub, Jonathan F. T1 - Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der myokardialen Kontraktilität, Geschlechtshormonspiegel und NT-proBNP-Spiegel bei koronarchirurgischen Patienten T1 - Sex-specific differences in myocardial contractility, sex hormone levels and NT-proBNP levels in coronary bypass surgery patients N2 - Die vorliegende klinisch-experimentelle Arbeit beleuchtet den Zusammenhang zwischen biologischem Geschlecht, den Konzentrationen der Geschlechtshormone Testosteron, Estradiol sowie dem kardialen Protein NT-pro-BNP in vivo und der Kraftentwicklung stimulierter Herzmuskelzellen in vitro. Im Studienzeitraum wurden insgesamt 225 Patienten (35 weiblich, 190 männlich), die sich einer elektiven koronarchirurgischen Operation unter Einsatz der Herz-Lungen-Maschine unterzogen, in die Studie eingeschlossen. Im Rahmen der Operation wurden Herzmuskelproben vom linken und rechten Herzohr gewonnen. Aus diesen wurde experimentell der kontraktile Apparat isoliert. Diese Muskelfaserbündel wurden mittels Immersion in verschieden stark konzentrierten Kalziumbädern zur Kontraktion stimuliert und die resultierende Kraftentwicklung erfasst. Diese Daten wurden den im Patientenblut bestimmten Serumkonzentrationen von Estradiol, Testosteron und NT-pro-BNP gegenübergestellt. Es konnte, auch unter Berücksichtigung der Hormonkonzentrationen, weder eine Korrelation des Patientengeschlechts mit der Kraftentwicklung festgestellt werden, noch korrelierte die Konzentration von NT-pro-BNP mit der Kraftentwicklung im experimentellen Modell. N2 - This clinical-experimental study aims to investigate a potential connection between biological gender, the serum levels of the hormones testosterone and estradiol, as well as the cardiac protein NT-pro-BNP and the force generated by stimulated heart muscle cells in vitro. 225 patients (190 males, 35 females) undergoing coronary bypass surgery were included in the study. During surgery, heart muscle specimens were collected from the left and right atrial auricles. These muscle fiber bundles were experimentally processed to isolate the contractile apparatus, which was then brought to contract by immersion in solutions with varying calcium concentrations. The resulting force values were tracked. No correlation between hormone levels, gender or force was found, nor did the levels of NT-pro-BNP correlate with force generation. KW - Herz KW - heart Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-291163 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Van Steenbergen, Anne A1 - Balteau, Magali A1 - Ginion, Audrey A1 - Ferté, Laura A1 - Battault, Sylvain A1 - de Meester de Ravenstein, Christophe A1 - Balligand, Jean-Luc A1 - Daskalopoulos, Evangelos-Panagiotis A1 - Gilon, Patrick A1 - Despa, Florin A1 - Despa, Sanda A1 - Vanoverschelde, Jean-Louis A1 - Horman, Sandrine A1 - Koepsell, Hermann A1 - Berry, Gerard A1 - Hue, Louis A1 - Bertrand, Luc A1 - Beauloye, Christophe T1 - Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1, mediates the production of reactive oxygen species induced by hyperglycemia in the heart JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Hyperglycemia (HG) stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species in the heart through activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). This production is independent of glucose metabolism but requires sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Seven SGLT isoforms (SGLT1 to 6 and sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1, SMIT1) are known, although their expression and function in the heart remain elusive. We investigated these 7 isoforms and found that only SGLT1 and SMIT1 were expressed in mouse, rat and human hearts. In cardiomyocytes, galactose (transported through SGLT1) did not activate NOX2. Accordingly, SGLT1 deficiency did not prevent HG-induced NOX2 activation, ruling it out in the cellular response to HG. In contrast, myo-inositol (transported through SMIT1) reproduced the toxic effects of HG. SMIT1 overexpression exacerbated glucotoxicity and sensitized cardiomyocytes to HG, whereas its deletion prevented HG-induced NOX2 activation. In conclusion, our results show that heart SMIT1 senses HG and triggers NOX2 activation. This could participate in the redox signaling in hyperglycemic heart and contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. KW - hyperglycemia KW - Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1 (SMIT1) KW - glucose metabolism KW - heart KW - NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) KW - sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT) KW - cardiomyocytes Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180891 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirschmer, Nadine A1 - Bandleon, Sandra A1 - von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Viktor A1 - Hartmann, Sonja A1 - Schaaf, Alice A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Karina A1 - Miranda-Laferte, Erick A1 - Langsenlehner, Tanja A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Eder, Petra T1 - TRPC4α and TRPC4β Similarly Affect Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Survival during Chronic GPCR Stimulation JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The Transient Receptor Potential Channel Subunit 4 (TRPC4) has been considered as a crucial Ca\(^{2+}\) component in cardiomyocytes promoting structural and functional remodeling in the course of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. TRPC4 assembles as homo or hetero-tetramer in the plasma membrane, allowing a non-selective Na\(^{+}\) and Ca\(^{2+}\) influx. Gαq protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation is known to increase TRPC4 channel activity and a TRPC4-mediated Ca\(^{2+}\) influx which has been regarded as ideal Ca\(^{2+}\) source for calcineurin and subsequent nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation. Functional properties of TRPC4 are also based on the expression of the TRPC4 splice variants TRPC4α and TRPC4β. Aim of the present study was to analyze cytosolic Ca\(^{2+}\) signals, signaling, hypertrophy and vitality of cardiomyocytes in dependence on the expression level of either TRPC4α or TRPC4β. The analysis of Ca\(^{2+}\) transients in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) showed that TRPC4α and TRPC4β affected Ca\(^{2+}\) cycling in beating cardiomyocytes with both splice variants inducing an elevation of the Ca\(^{2+}\) transient amplitude at baseline and TRPC4β increasing the Ca\(^{2+}\) peak during angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. NRCs infected with TRPC4β (Ad-C4β) also responded with a sustained Ca\(^{2+}\) influx when treated with Ang II under non-pacing conditions. Consistent with the Ca\(^{2+}\) data, NRCs infected with TRPC4α (Ad-C4α) showed an elevated calcineurin/NFAT activity and a baseline hypertrophic phenotype but did not further develop hypertrophy during chronic Ang II/phenylephrine stimulation. Down-regulation of endogenous TRPC4α reversed these effects, resulting in less hypertrophy of NRCs at baseline but a markedly increased hypertrophic enlargement after chronic agonist stimulation. Ad-C4β NRCs did not exhibit baseline calcineurin/NFAT activity or hypertrophy but responded with an increased calcineurin/NFAT activity after GPCR stimulation. However, this effect was not translated into an increased propensity towards hypertrophy but rather less hypertrophy during GPCR stimulation. Further analyses revealed that, although hypertrophy was preserved in Ad-C4α NRCs and even attenuated in Ad-C4β NRCs, cardiomyocytes had an increased apoptosis rate and thus were less viable after chronic GPCR stimulation. These findings suggest that TRPC4α and TRPC4β differentially affect Ca\(^{2+}\) signals, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and hypertrophy but similarly impair cardiomyocyte viability during GPCR stimulation. KW - Apoptosis KW - calcineurin signaling cascade KW - small interfering RNAs KW - G protein coupled receptors KW - hyperexpression techniques KW - heart KW - adenoviruses KW - cardiac pacing Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178539 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brodehl, Andreas A1 - Belke, Darrell D. A1 - Garnett, Lauren A1 - Martens, Kristina A1 - Abdelfatah, Nelly A1 - Rodriguez, Marcela A1 - Diao, Catherine A1 - Chen, Yong-Xiang A1 - Gordon, Paul M. K. A1 - Nygren, Anders A1 - Gerull, Brenda T1 - Transgenic mice overexpressing desmocollin-2 (DSC2) develop cardiomyopathy associated with myocardial inflammation and fibrotic remodeling JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is an inherited heart muscle disorder leading to ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure, mainly as a result of mutations in cardiac desmosomal genes. Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions mediating adhesion of cardiomyocytes; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease remain widely unknown. Desmocollin-2 is a desmosomal cadherin serving as an anchor molecule required to reconstitute homeostatic intercellular adhesion with desmoglein-2. Cardiac specific lack of desmoglein-2 leads to severe cardiomyopathy, whereas overexpression does not. In contrast, the corresponding data for desmocollin-2 are incomplete, in particular from the view of protein overexpression. Therefore, we developed a mouse model overexpressing desmocollin-2 to determine its potential contribution to cardiomyopathy and intercellular adhesion pathology. Methods and results We generated transgenic mice overexpressing DSC2 in cardiac myocytes. Transgenic mice developed a severe cardiac dysfunction over 5 to 13 weeks as indicated by 2D-echocardiography measurements. Corresponding histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated fibrosis, necrosis and calcification which were mainly localized in patches near the epi- and endocardium of both ventricles. Expressions of endogenous desmosomal proteins were markedly reduced in fibrotic areas but appear to be unchanged in non-fibrotic areas. Furthermore, gene expression data indicate an early up-regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic remodeling pathways between 2 to 3.5 weeks of age. Conclusion Cardiac specific overexpression of desmocollin-2 induces necrosis, acute inflammation and patchy cardiac fibrotic remodeling leading to fulminant biventricular cardiomyopathy. KW - heart KW - mouse models KW - gene expression KW - fibrosis KW - inflammation KW - gene expression KW - genetically modified animals KW - cardiomyopathies KW - hyperexpression techniques Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171084 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Augustin, Anne Marie T1 - Auswirkung der SPRED2-Defizienz auf die kardiale Funktion und Beeinflussung durch die Behandlung mit dem Aldosteronantagonisten Eplerenon T1 - Impact of SPRED2-deficiency on cardiac function and influence through treatment with aldosterone receptor antagonist eplerenone N2 - SPRED2 ist ein Inhibitor des Ras/ERK-MAPK-Signalwegs. Um die Folgen einer SPRED2-Defizienz zu erforschen, wurden im Rahmen vorheriger von Ullrich et al. durchgeführter Untersuchungen mittels Gene-Trap-Methode bereits mannigfaltige Auffälligkeiten im Phänotyp der SPRED2-Mäuse festgestellt. So zeigten die Tiere einen Hypochondroplasie-ähnlichen Zwergenwuchs, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, einen krankhaft gesteigerten Wasserkonsum und nicht zuletzt eine deutlich reduzierte Lebenserwartung im Vergleich mit den WT-Tieren. Des Weiteren fielen erhöhte Aldosteronspiegel auf, die bei näheren Untersuchungen nicht einer erhöhten Aktivität des RAAS geschuldet zu sein schienen. Vielmehr zeigte sich eine deutlich erhöhte Aldosteron-Synthase-Expression in der Nebennierenrinde. Erste Hinweise darauf, dass die SPRED2-Defizienz auch Auswirkungen auf den kardiologischen Phänotyp haben könnte, ergaben sich bereits bei initialen Untersuchungen von Ullrich et al. So konnte bei den SPRED2-KO-Tieren neben hämodynamischer Auffälligkeiten eine gesteigerte Herz-Körpergewicht-Ratio festgestellt werden. Die im Rahmen dieses Folgeprojekts durchgeführten Untersuchungen sollten die Frage klären, ob die Defizienz des SPRED2-Gens Auswirkungen auf die Herzleistung hat und hierüber die verkürzte Lebenserwartung der KO-Tiere verschulden könnte. Hierfür wurden zunächst Untersuchungen der elektrischen kardialen Aktivität mittels EKG und Elektrophysiologischer Untersuchung durchgeführt. Die Ermittlung von Herzrhythmusstörung und die Quantifizierung derselben spielte hierbei eine besondere Rolle. Des Weiteren sollte mit der Durchführung von PSR-Färbungen zur Bestimmung des kardialen Kollagengehaltes histologischen Fragestellungen Rechnung getragen werden. Aufgrund des bereits aus den vorherigen Studien bekannten Hyperaldosteronismus der KO-Tiere stellte sich darüber hinaus die Frage, ob die im Rahmen der Studie feststellbaren kardiologischen Auffälligkeiten als Konsequenz der gesteigerten Aldosteronwerte, oder aber als direkte Folge des Genotyps gewertet werden müssen. Aus diesem Grund wurden alle oben genannten Untersuchungen mit Tieren, welche einer Behandlung mit dem Aldosteronantagonisten Eplerenon zugeführt worden waren, wiederholt. Bei der Auswertung der basalen Ruhe- und Stress-EKGs zeigten sich einige Parameter bei den KO-Tieren pathologisch verändert. So war das QRS-Intervall, als Korrelat zur intraventrikulären Überleitungszeit, bei den KO-Mäusen verlängert, im Stress-EKG waren darüber hinaus sowohl die Dauer der P-Welle als auch des PQ-Intervalls erhöht. Durch die Behandlung mit Aldosteron waren diese Unterschiede zwischen WT- und KO-Gruppe teilweise nicht mehr feststellbar. Das die atrioventrikuläre Überleitungszeit abbildende PQ-Intervall war sowohl im Vergleich mit dem behandelten WT, als auch mit dem unbehandelten WT nicht mehr signifikant erhöht. Auch die Länge des QRS-Komplexes näherte sich unter Eplerenon-Behandlung dem der unbehandelten WT-Tiere an und sank bei der Stress-EKG-Auswertung sogar unterhalb des Signifkanzniveaus. Bei der EKG-Analyse in Bezug auf Arrhythmien ergab sich bei Gegenüberstellung der basalen WT- und KO-Gruppe eine deutlich gesteigerte Vulnerabilität für Herzrhythmusstörungen bei den KO-Tieren. Durch die Behandlung mit Eplerenon konnte hierbei ein deutlicher Erfolg erzielt werden mit signifikanter Reduktion der Arrhythmieereignisse. Die elektrophysiologische Untersuchung ergab neben unauffälligen Parametern der Funktion des Sinusknotens und der AV-Überleitung ebenfalls Hinweise für eine gesteigerte Empfindlichkeit für Arrhythmien. Die durch EPU induzierten Arrhythmien zeigten sich durch Eplerenon-Behandlung gleichermaßen rückgängig. Mittels Kollagenfärbung konnte der initiale Verdacht, dass die SPRED2-KO-Tiere zu einer vermehrten kardialen Fibrosierung neigen, bestätigt werden. Dabei zeigte sich durch die Behandlung mit Eplerenon eine deutliche Beeinflussung und Reduktion des kardialen Kollagengehaltes. Insgesamt lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die mannigfaltigen phänotypischen Effekte, die die SPRED2-Defizienz bedingt, nur teilweise dem Hyperaldosteronismus der Tiere geschuldet sind und durch therapeutische Einflussnahme auf diesen auch nur partiell kompensiert werden können. N2 - SPRED proteins are inhibitors of the Ras/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, an evolutionary highly conserved and very widespread signaling cascade regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. To elucidate physiological consequences of SPRED2 deficiency, SPRED2 KO mice were generated by a gene trap approach and heart investigations were systematically performed. An initial phenotypical characterization in studies of Ullrich et al showed a hypochondroplasia-like dwarfism, abnormally high water uptakes, behavioural syndromes with excessive grooming and reduced survival times. Also, investigations revealed hyperaldosteronism in SPRED2 KO mice with doubled serum aldosterone as compared with WT mice. Systematic investigation of contributing upstream hormone axes demonstrated, that hyperaldosteronism developed independently of an overactivated Renin-Angiotensin system as indicated by halved serum Ang II levels in KO mice. However, aldosterone synthase expression in the adrenal gland was substantially augmented. First indications for cardiac pathologies in SPRED KO mice resulted from initial cardiac tests of Ullrich et al., revealing enlarged hearts with elevated heart weight/body weight ratios, as well as increased stroke volumes in KO mice. To investigate whether the cardiac phenotype and the reduced survival time is a consequence of the genotype or secondary due to hyperaldosteronism, electrocardiograms, electrophysiological studies, both with arrhythmia analysis, as well as PSR-stainings, were performed with untreated mice, as well as animals after eplerenone treatment. Some ECG-parameters showed significant differences, for example QRS-interval was prolonged in KO-mice, as correlation for ventricular conduction time. Under isoproterenol stimulation, p-wave duration as well as PQ-interval revealed to be extended. These differences showed to be reduced due to eplerenone treatment, in case of PQ-time and QRS-interval after isoproterenol stimulation, even in significant dimension. Concerning the arrhythmia analysis in ECG and EPU, results showed a distinctly increased vulnerability for arrhythmias in KO-mice, which could be influenced with eplerenone treatment. EP studies revealed no significant differences regarding function of sinus and atrioventricular node, but, analogous to ECG-studies, significant more and severe arrhythmias could be detected in KO-mice, which could be clearly reduced with eplerone. By use of Picro-sirius red staining as a tool to appraise collagen fibers, a significant higher amount of collagen in heart slices of KO-mice could be proved, while treatment with eplerenone reduced fibrosis distinctly, both in WT and in KO-mice. In summary, manifold phenotypical characterizations of SPRED2 KO mice showed to be only partially result of the hyperaldosteronism and revealed only partial influence due to eplerenone treatment. KW - Spred-Proteine KW - Renin-Angiotensin-System KW - Aldosteronantagonist KW - Herzfunktion KW - MAP-Kinase KW - Gen-Knockout KW - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System KW - heart KW - aldosterone Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166029 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Robinson, Simon A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Intracellular behavior of the novel sympathetic nerve agent \(^{18}\)F-LMI1195 T2 - Journal of Nuclear Cardiology N2 - No abstract available. KW - Herz KW - PET KW - sympathetic nerve KW - autonomic nervous system KW - 18F-LMI1195 KW - positron emission tomography KW - heart KW - cardiac Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161137 SN - 1071-3581 N1 - This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in J Nucl Cardiol. ISSN: 1071-3581. Supplement (2017) Aug;24;4: 1461-1496. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12350-017-0984-y VL - 24 IS - 4 Supplement (2017) Aug ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jazbutyte, Virginija A1 - Stumpner, Jan A1 - Redel, Andreas A1 - Lorenzen, Johan M. A1 - Roewer, Norbert A1 - Thum, Thomas A1 - Kehl, Franz T1 - Aromatase Inhibition Attenuates Desflurane-Induced Preconditioning against Acute Myocardial Infarction in Male Mouse Heart In Vivo JF - PLoS One N2 - The volatile anesthetic desflurane (DES) effectively reduces cardiac infarct size following experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. We hypothesized that endogenous estrogens play a role as mediators of desflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that desflurane effects local estrogen synthesis by modulating enzyme aromatase expression and activity in the mouse heart. Aromatase metabolizes testosterone to 17b- estradiol (E2) and thereby significantly contributes to local estrogen synthesis. We tested aromatase effects in acute myocardial infarction model in male mice. The animals were randomized and subjected to four groups which were pre-treated with the selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (A group) and DES alone (DES group) or in combination (A+DES group) for 15 minutes prior to surgical intervention whereas the control group received 0.9% NaCl (CON group). All animals were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia following 180 minutes reperfusion. Anastrozole blocked DES induced preconditioning and increased infarct size compared to DES alone (37.94615.5% vs. 17.163.62%) without affecting area at risk and systemic hemodynamic parameters following ischemia/reperfusion. Protein localization studies revealed that aromatase was abundant in the murine cardiovascular system with the highest expression levels in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Desflurane application at pharmacological concentrations efficiently upregulated aromatase expression in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that desflurane efficiently regulates aromatase expression and activity which might lead to increased local estrogen synthesis and thus preserve cellular integrity and reduce cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction model. KW - smooth muscle cells KW - estrogens KW - heart KW - anesthetics KW - immunostaining KW - endothelial cells KW - gene expression KW - myocardial infarction Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151258 VL - 7 IS - 8 ER -