TY - THES A1 - Kiesel, Maximilian Ludwig T1 - Unconventional Superconductivity in Cuprates, Cobaltates and Graphene: What is Universal and what is Material-Dependent in strongly versus weakly Correlated Materials? T1 - Unkonventionelle Supraleitung in Kupraten, Cobaltaten und Graphen: Was ist universell und was ist material-abhängig in stark- gegenüber schwach-korrelierten Materialien? N2 - Eine allgemeingültige Theorie für alle unterschiedlichen Arten von unkonventionellen Supraleitern ist immer noch eine der ungelösten Kernfragen der Festkörperphysik. Momentan ist es nicht einmal bewiesen, dass es überhaupt einen gemeinsamen grundlegenden Mechanismus gibt, sondern es müssen vielleicht mehrere verschiedene Ursachen für unkonventionelle Supraleitung berücksichtigt werden. Der Einfluss der Elektron-Phonon-Wechselwirkung ist dabei noch nicht abschließend geklärt. In dieser Dissertation wird ein rein elektronischer Paarungsmechanismus untersucht, in welchem die Paarung durch Spin-Fluktuationen vermittelt wird, was nach dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung auf dem Gebiet der unkonventionellen Supraleiter am wahrscheinlichsten ist. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Bestimmung von Material-unabhängigen Eigenschaften der supraleitenden Phase. Diese können durch eine Auswahl sehr unterschiedlicher Systeme herausgearbeitet werden. Eine Untersuchung der Phasendiagramme gibt außerdem Auskunft darüber, welche konkurrierenden Quantenfluktuationen den supraleitenden Zustand abschwächen oder verstärken. Für diese Analyse von sehr unterschiedlichen supraleitenden Materialien ist der Einsatz einer einzelnen numerischen Lösungsmethode unzureichend. Für diese Dissertation ist dies aber kein Nachteil, sondern vielmehr ein großer Vorteil, da der Einsatz verschiedener Techniken die Abhängigkeit der Ergebnisse von der verwendeten Numerik reduziert und dadurch der grundlegende Mechanismus besser untersucht werden kann. Im speziellen werden in dieser Dissertation die Kuprate mit der Variationellen Clusternäherung ausgewertet, weil die Elektronen hier eine starke Wechselwirkung untereinander besitzen. Besonders die Frage eines möglichen Klebstoffs für die Cooper-Paare wird ausführlich diskutiert, auch mit einer Unterscheidung in retardierte und nicht-retardierte Beträge. Den Kupraten werden das Kobaltat NaCoO sowie Graphen gegenübergestellt. Diese Materialien sind jedoch schwach korrelierte Systeme, so dass hier die Funkionelle Renormierungsgruppe als numerisches Grundgerüst dient. Die Ergebnisse sind reichhaltige Phasendiagramme mit vielen verschiedenen langreichweitigen Ordnungen, wie zum Beispiel d+id-wellenartige Supraleitung. Diese bricht die Zeitumkehr-Symmetrie und besitzt eine vollständige Bandlücke, welche im Falle von NaCoO jedoch eine stark Dotierungs-abhängige Anisotropie aufweist. Als letztes wird das Kagome-Gitter allgemein diskutiert, ohne ein konkretes Material zu beschreiben. Hier hat eine destruktive Interferenz zwischen den Elektronen auf verschiedenen Untergittern drastische Auswirkungen auf die Instabilitäten der Fermi-Fläche, so dass die übliche Spin-Dichte-Welle und die damit verbundene d+id-wellenartige Supraleitung unterdrückt werden. Dadurch treten ungewöhnliche Spin- und Ladungsdichte-Ordnungen sowie eine nematische Pomeranchuck Instabilität hervor. Zusammengefasst bietet diese Dissertation einen Einblick in unterschiedliche Materialklassen von unkonventionellen Supraleitern. Dadurch wird es möglich, die Material-spezifischen Eigenschaften von den universellen zu trennen. N2 - A general theory for all classes of unconventional superconductors is still one of the unsolved key issues in condensed-matter physics. Actually, it is not yet fully settled if there is a common underlying pairing mechanism. Instead, it might be possible that several distinct sources for unconventional (not phonon-mediated) superconductivity have to be considered, or an electron-phonon interaction is not negligible. The focus of this thesis is on the most probable mechanism for the formation of Cooper pairs in unconventional superconductors, namely a strictly electronic one where spin fluctuations are the mediators. Studying different superconductors in this thesis, the emphasis is put on material-independent features of the pairing mechanism. In addition, the investigation of the phase diagrams enables a view on the vicinity of superconductivity. Thus, it is possible to clarify which competing quantum fluctuations enhance or weaken the propensity for a superconducting state. The broad range of superconducting materials requires the use of more than one numerical technique to study an appropriate microscopic description. This is not a problem but a big advantage because this facilitates the approach-independent description of common underlying physics. For this evaluation, the strongly correlated cuprates are simulated with the variational cluster approach. Especially the question of a pairing glue is taken into consideration. Furthermore, it is possible to distinguish between retarded and non-retarded contributions to the gap function. The cuprates are confronted with the cobaltate NaCoO and graphene. These weakly correlated materials are investigated with the functional renormalization group (fRG) and reveal a comprehensive phase diagram, including a d+id-wave superconductivity, which breaks time-reversal symmetry. The corresponding gap function is nodeless, but for NaCoO, it features a doping-dependent anisotropy. In addition, some general considerations on the kagome lattice are completing the discussion, where a sublattice interference dramatically affects the Fermi-surface instabilities, suppressing the usual spin-density wave and d+id-wave superconductivity. Thereby, some different fascinating charge and bond orders as well as a nematic are observable. In short, this thesis provides an insight to distinct classes of unconventional superconductors with appropriate simulation techniques. This facilitates to separate the material specific properties from the universal ones. KW - Supraleitung KW - Kuprate KW - Cobaltate KW - Superconductivity KW - Cuprates KW - Cobaltates KW - Graphene KW - functional Renormalization Group KW - Graphen KW - Keramischer Supraleiter KW - Cluster-Entwicklung KW - Renormierungsgruppe Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76421 ER - TY - THES A1 - Gerend, Jennifer T1 - U.S. and German Approaches to Regulating Retail Development: Urban Planning Tools and Local Policies T1 - Standortplanung im Einzelhandel in den USA und in Deutschland: Steuerungselemente und Standortpolitik N2 - This dissertation examines retail development regulation in the U.S. and in Germany, comparing the various urban planning tools and policies in use by municipal governments. These similarities and differences are explored through research into three case study cities in each country, with special attention paid to how these governments regulate large-scale or "big box" retail. N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht die Standortplanung im Einzelhandel in den USA und in Deutschland. In den USA wie auch in Deutschland gibt es eine Raumplanung auf staatlicher Ebene und auf der Ebene der Länder- bzw. Bundesstaaten und der Kommunen, deren jeweiligen Möglichkeiten der Steuerung sehr unterschiedlich sind. Diese Unterschiede werden in der Dissertation vorgestellt. Anschließend werden anhand von jeweils drei Beispielen in den beiden Ländern die spezifischen stadtplanerischen Instrumente und Möglichkeiten der Steuerung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ansiedlung von großflächigen Einzelhändlern und Einkaufszentren untersucht und dargestellt. KW - Einzelhandel KW - Handelsgeographie KW - Stadtplanung KW - Standortpolitik KW - Deutschland KW - USA KW - City Planning in the USA Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70257 ER - TY - THES A1 - Höpfner, Philipp Alexander T1 - Two-Dimensional Electron Systems at Surfaces — Spin-Orbit Interaction and Electronic Correlations T1 - Zweidimensionale Elektronensysteme auf Oberflächen — Spin-Bahn Wechselwirkung und elektronische Korrelationen N2 - This thesis addresses three different realizations of a truly two-dimensional electron system (2DES), established at the surface of elemental semiconductors, i.e., Pt/Si(111), Au/Ge(111), and Sn/Si(111). Characteristic features of atomic structures at surfaces have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction with special emphasis on Pt deposition onto Si(111). Topographic inspection reveals that Pt atoms agglomerate as trimers, which represent the structural building block of phase-slip domains. Surprisingly, each trimer is rotated by 30° with respect to the substrate, which results in an unexpected symmetry breaking. In turn, this represents a unique example of a chiral structure at a semiconductor surface, and marks Pt/Si(111) as a promising candidate for catalytic processes at the atomic scale. Spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) play a significant role at surfaces involving heavy adatoms. As a result, a lift of the spin degeneracy in the electronic states, termed as Rashba effect, may be observed. A candidate system to exhibit such physics is Au/Ge(111). Its large hexagonal Fermi sheet is suggested to be spin-split by calculations within the density functional theory. Experimental clarification is obtained by exploiting the unique capabilities of three-dimensional spin detection in spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Besides verification of the spin splitting, the in-plane components of the spin are shown to possess helical character, while also a prominent rotation out of this plane is observed along straight sections of the Fermi surface. Surprisingly and for the first time in a 2DES, additional in-plane rotations of the spin are revealed close to high symmetry directions. This complex spin pattern must originate from crystalline anisotropies, and it is best described by augmenting the original Rashba model with higher order Dresselhaus-like SOI terms. The alternative use of group-IV adatoms at a significantly reduced coverage drastically changes the basic properties of a 2DES. Electron localization is strongly enhanced, and the ground state characteristics will be dominated by correlation effects then. Sn/Si(111) is scrutinized with this regard. It serves as an ideal realization of a triangular lattice, that inherently suffers from spin frustration. Consequently, long-range magnetic order is prohibited, and the ground state is assumed to be either a spiral antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator or a spin liquid. Here, the single-particle spectral function is utilized as a fundamental quantity to address the complex interplay of geometric frustration and electronic correlations. In particular, this is achieved by combining the complementary strengths of ab initio local density approximation (LDA) calculations, state-of-the-art angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, and the sophisticated many-body LDA+DCA. In this way, the evolution of a shadow band and a band backfolding incompatible with a spiral AFM order are unveiled. Moreover, beyond nearest-neighbor hopping processes are crucial here, and the spectral features must be attributed to a collinear AFM ground state, contrary to common expectation for a frustrated spin lattice. N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden drei unterschiedliche Beispiele für ein zweidimensionales Elektronensystem (2DES) auf der Oberfläche von Elementhalbleitern behandelt: Pt/Si(111), Au/Ge(111) und Sn/Si(111). Atomare Strukturen und deren spezielle Merkmale wurden mit Rastertunnelmikroskopie (STM) und Elektronenbeugung (LEED) untersucht, wobei ein Schwerpunkt die Abscheidung von Pt auf Si(111) war. Hervorzuheben ist hier die Anordnung von Pt Atomen als Trimere, die das Grundgerüst phasenverschobener Domänen bilden. Interessanterweise sind die Trimere um 30° gegenüber dem Substrat verdreht, was einen unerwarteten Symmetriebruch bedeutet. Daher stellt Pt/Si(111) ein einzigartiges Beispiel einer chiralen Struktur auf Halbleitern dar und könnte außerdem für katalytische Prozesse im atomaren Bereich interessant sein. Die Spin-Bahn Wechselwirkung ist auf Oberflächen, die schwere Elemente enthalten, von großer Bedeutung. Hier kann die Spin-Entartung in den elektronischen Zuständen aufgehoben sein, was als Rashba-Effekt bekannt ist. Rechnungen mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) zeigen, dass eine solche Aufspaltung in der hexagonalen Fermi-Fläche von Au/Ge(111) existiert. Experimentell wurde dies mit dreidimensionaler spin- und winkelaufgelöster Photoelektronenspektroskopie bestätigt. Dabei folgt die planare Spin-Komponente einem kreisförmigen Umlaufsinn, während zudem eine starke Aufrichtung des Spins aus der Ebene hinaus entlang gerader Abschnitte der Fermi-Fläche auftritt. Hierbei wurden zum ersten Mal in einem 2DES zusätzliche Rotationen des planaren Spinanteils in der Oberflächenebene nahe von Hochsymmetrierichtungen nachgewiesen. Dieses komplexe Spin-Muster resultiert aus den kristallinen Anisotropien und kann exzellent modelliert werden, indem das Rashba-Modell um Dresselhaus-artige Spin-Bahn Terme höherer Ordnung erweitert wird. Die alternative Verwendung von Gruppe-IV Adatomen bei einer geringeren Bedeckung ändert die Eigenschaften eines 2DES deutlich. Kennzeichnend sind eine verstärkte Ladungsträger-Lokalisierung und ein von Korrelationen bestimmter Grundzustand. Dabei stellt Sn/Si(111) ein Modell-System dar, das zudem ein spin-frustriertes Dreiecksgitter bildet. In einem solchen fehlt üblicherweise die langreichweitige magnetische Ordnung und der Grundzustand ist entweder ein isolierender spiralförmiger Antiferromagnet (AF) oder eine Spin-Flüssigkeit. Zur Analyse des Wechselspiels von geometrischer Frustration und elektronischen Korrelationen dient die Ein-Teilchen Spektralfunktion als Basisgröße. Dazu wurden die sich ergänzenden Stärken von Bandstruktur-Rechnungen in der lokalen Dichtenäherung (LDA), winkelaufgelöster Photoelektronenspektroskopie und Viel-Teilchen Modellen (hier LDA+DCA) kombiniert. Dabei wurde die Existenz eines Schattenbandes und einer Bandrückfaltung nachgewiesen, wobei letztere einen spiralförmigen AF als Grundzustand ausschließt. Vielmehr sind Hüpfprozesse über den nächsten Nachbarn im Gitter hinaus relevant und die spektralen Merkmale sind, trotz der Spin-Frustration, durch einen langreichweitigen kollinearen AF als Grundzustand erklärbar. KW - Halbleiteroberfläche KW - Elektronengas KW - Dimension 2 KW - scanning tunneling microscopy KW - photoelectron spectroscopy KW - triangular lattice KW - Rashba effect KW - spin-orbit coupling KW - metal-to-insulator transition KW - Rastertunnelmikroskop KW - Photoelektronenspektroskopie KW - Dreiecksgitter KW - Rashba-Effekt KW - Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung KW - Metall-Isolator-Phasenumwandlung Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78876 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montelius, Mikael A1 - Ljungberg, Maria A1 - Horn, Michael A1 - Forssell-Aronsson, Eva T1 - Tumour size measurement in a mouse model using high resolution MRI JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background Animal models are frequently used to assess new treatment methods in cancer research. MRI offers a non-invasive in vivo monitoring of tumour tissue and thus allows longitudinal measurements of treatment effects, without the need for large cohorts of animals. Tumour size is an important biomarker of the disease development, but to our knowledge, MRI based size measurements have not yet been verified for small tumours (10−2–10−1 g). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of MRI based tumour size measurements of small tumours on mice. Methods 2D and 3D T2-weighted RARE images of tumour bearing mice were acquired in vivo using a 7 T dedicated animal MR system. For the 3D images the acquired image resolution was varied. The images were exported to a PC workstation where the tumour mass was determined assuming a density of 1 g/cm3, using an in-house developed tool for segmentation and delineation. The resulting data were compared to the weight of the resected tumours after sacrifice of the animal using regression analysis. Results Strong correlations were demonstrated between MRI- and necropsy determined masses. In general, 3D acquisition was not a prerequisite for high accuracy. However, it was slightly more accurate than 2D when small (<0.2 g) tumours were assessed for inter- and intraobserver variation. In 3D images, the voxel sizes could be increased from 1603 μm3 to 2403 μm3 without affecting the results significantly, thus reducing acquisition time substantially. Conclusions 2D MRI was sufficient for accurate tumour size measurement, except for small tumours (<0.2 g) where 3D acquisition was necessary to reduce interobserver variation. Acquisition times between 15 and 50 minutes, depending on tumour size, were sufficient for accurate tumour volume measurement. Hence, it is possible to include further MR investigations of the tumour, such as tissue perfusion, diffusion or metabolic composition in the same MR session. KW - cancer KW - magnetic resonance KW - animal model KW - volume determination Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124049 VL - 12 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vergho, Daniel Claudius A1 - Loeser, Andreas A1 - Kocot, Arkadius A1 - Spahn, Martin A1 - Riedmüller, Hubertus T1 - Tumor thrombus of inferior vena cava in patients with renal cell carcinoma - Clinical and oncological outcome of 50 patients after surgery N2 - Background: To evaluate oncological and clinical outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor thrombus involving inferior vena cava (IVC) treated with nephrectomy and thrombectomy. Methods: We identified 50 patients with a median age of 65 years, who underwent radical surgical treatment for RCC and tumor thrombus of the IVC between 1997 and 2010. The charts were reviewed for pathological and surgical parameters, as well as complications and oncological outcome. Results: The median follow-up was 26 months. In 21 patients (42%) distant metastases were already present at the time of surgery. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy, thrombectomy and lymph node dissection through a flank (15 patients/30%), thoracoabdominal (14 patients/28%) or midline abdominal approach (21 patients/42%), depending upon surgeon preference and upon the characteristics of tumor and associated thrombus. Extracorporal circulation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was performed in 10 patients (20%) with supradiaphragmal thrombus of IVC. Cancer-specific survival for the whole cohort at 5 years was 33.1%. Survival for the patients without distant metastasis at 5 years was 50.7%, whereas survival rate in the metastatic group at 5 years was 7.4%. Median survival of patients with metastatic disease was 16.4 months. On multivariate analysis lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and grading were independent prognostic factors. There was no statistically significant influence of level of the tumor thrombus on survival rate. Indeed, patients with supradiaphragmal tumor thrombus (n = 10) even had a better outcome (overall survival at 5 years of 58.33%) than the entire cohort. Conclusions: An aggressive surgical approach is the most effective therapeutic option in patients with RCC and any level of tumor thrombus and offers a reasonable longterm survival. Due to good clinical and oncological outcome we prefer the use of CPB with extracorporal circulation in patients with supradiaphragmal tumor thrombus. Cytoreductive surgery appears to be beneficial for patients with metastatic disease, especially when consecutive therapy is performed. Although sample size of our study cohort is limited consistent with some other studies lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and grading seem to have prognostic value. KW - Medizin KW - Renal cell carcinoma KW - Inferior vena cava KW - Thrombectomy KW - Tumor thrombus Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75230 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heddergott, Nico A1 - Krüger, Timothy A1 - Babu, Sujin B. A1 - Wei, Ai A1 - Stellamanns, Erik A1 - Uppaluri, Sravanti A1 - Pfohl, Thomas A1 - Stark, Holger A1 - Engstler, Markus T1 - Trypanosome Motion Represents an Adaptation to the Crowded Environment ofthe Vertebrate Bloodstream N2 - Blood is a remarkable habitat: it is highly viscous, contains a dense packaging of cells and perpetually flows at velocities varying over three orders of magnitude. Only few pathogens endure the harsh physical conditions within the vertebrate bloodstream and prosper despite being constantly attacked by host antibodies. African trypanosomes are strictly extracellular blood parasites, which evade the immune response through a system of antigenic variation and incessant motility. How the flagellates actually swim in blood remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the mode and dynamics of trypanosome locomotion are a trait of life within a crowded environment. Using high-speed fluorescence microscopy and ordered micro-pillar arrays we show that the parasites mode of motility is adapted to the density of cells in blood. Trypanosomes are pulled forward by the planar beat of the single flagellum. Hydrodynamic flow across the asymmetrically shaped cell body translates into its rotational movement. Importantly, the presence of particles with the shape, size and spacing of blood cells is required and sufficient for trypanosomes to reach maximum forward velocity. If the density of obstacles, however, is further increased to resemble collagen networks or tissue spaces, the parasites reverse their flagellar beat and consequently swim backwards, in this way avoiding getting trapped. In the absence of obstacles, this flagellar beat reversal occurs randomly resulting in irregular waveforms and apparent cell tumbling. Thus, the swimming behavior of trypanosomes is a surprising example of micro-adaptation to life at low Reynolds numbers. For a precise physical interpretation, we compare our high-resolution microscopic data to results from a simulation technique that combines the method of multi-particle collision dynamics with a triangulated surface model. The simulation produces a rotating cell body and a helical swimming path, providing a functioning simulation method for a microorganism with a complex swimming strategy KW - Biologie Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78421 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heddergott, Niko A1 - Krüger, Timothy A1 - Babu, Sujin B. A1 - Wei, Ai A1 - Stellamanns, Erik A1 - Uppaluri, Sravanti A1 - Pfohl, Thomas A1 - Stark, Holger A1 - Engstler, Markus T1 - Trypanosome Motion Represents an Adaptation to the Crowded Environment of the Vertebrate Bloodstream JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - Blood is a remarkable habitat: it is highly viscous, contains a dense packaging of cells and perpetually flows at velocities varying over three orders of magnitude. Only few pathogens endure the harsh physical conditions within the vertebrate bloodstream and prosper despite being constantly attacked by host antibodies. African trypanosomes are strictly extracellular blood parasites, which evade the immune response through a system of antigenic variation and incessant motility. How the flagellates actually swim in blood remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the mode and dynamics of trypanosome locomotion are a trait of life within a crowded environment. Using high-speed fluorescence microscopy and ordered micro-pillar arrays we show that the parasites mode of motility is adapted to the density of cells in blood. Trypanosomes are pulled forward by the planar beat of the single flagellum. Hydrodynamic flow across the asymmetrically shaped cell body translates into its rotational movement. Importantly, the presence of particles with the shape, size and spacing of blood cells is required and sufficient for trypanosomes to reach maximum forward velocity. If the density of obstacles, however, is further increased to resemble collagen networks or tissue spaces, the parasites reverse their flagellar beat and consequently swim backwards, in this way avoiding getting trapped. In the absence of obstacles, this flagellar beat reversal occurs randomly resulting in irregular waveforms and apparent cell tumbling. Thus, the swimming behavior of trypanosomes is a surprising example of micro-adaptation to life at low Reynolds numbers. For a precise physical interpretation, we compare our high-resolution microscopic data to results from a simulation technique that combines the method of multi-particle collision dynamics with a triangulated surface model. The simulation produces a rotating cell body and a helical swimming path, providing a functioning simulation method for a microorganism with a complex swimming strategy. KW - simulation KW - multiparticle collision dynamics KW - propulsion KW - viscosity KW - flagellar KW - motility KW - solvent KW - model KW - hydrodynamics KW - spiroplasma Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134595 VL - 8 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finze, Maik A1 - Reiss, Guido J. T1 - Trimethyl­sulfonium 1-amino-6-fluoro-2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12-decaiodo-1-carba-closo-dodeca­borate N2 - no abstract available KW - Chemie KW - single-crystal X-ray study KW - T = 100 K KW - wR factor = 0.052 KW - data-to-parameter ratio = 20.8 Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75397 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prugger, Christof A1 - Heidrich, Jan A1 - Wellmann, Jürgen A1 - Dittrich, Ralf A1 - Brand, Stefan-Martin A1 - Telgmann, Ralph A1 - Breithardt, Günter A1 - Reinecke, Holger A1 - Scheld, Hans A1 - Kleine-Katthöfer, Peter A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Keil, Ulrich T1 - Trends in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients With Coronary Heart Disease : Results From the EUROASPIRE I, II, and III Surveys in the Münster Region JF - Deutsches Ärzteblatt International N2 - Background: Target values for cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are stated in guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We studied secular trends in risk factors over a 12-year period among CHD patients in the region of Munster, Germany. Methods: The cross-sectional EUROASPIRE I, II and III surveys were performed in multiple centers across Europe. For all three, the Munster region was the participating German region. In the three periods 1995/96, 1999/2000, and 2006/07, the surveys included (respectively) 392, 402 and 457 <= 70-year-old patients with CHD in Munster who had sustained a coronary event at least 6 months earlier. Results: The prevalence of smoking remained unchanged, with 16.8% in EUROASPIRE I and II and 18.4% in EUROASPIRE III (p=0.898). On the other hand, high blood pressure and high cholesterol both became less common across the three EUROASPIRE studies (60.7% to 69.4% to 55.3%, and 94.3% to 83.4% to 48.1%, respectively; p<0.001 for both). Obesity became more common (23.0% to 30.6% to 43.1%, p<0.001), as did treatment with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs (80.4% to 88.6% to 94.3%, and 35.0% to 67.4% to 87.0%, respectively; p<0.001 for both). Conclusion: The observed trends in cardiovascular risk factors under-score the vital need for better preventive strategies in patients with CHD. KW - smoking-cessation KW - follow up KW - primary-care physicians KW - myocardial infarction KW - secondary prevention KW - clinical practice KW - European countries KW - drug therapies KW - life style KW - task force Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2012.0303 VL - 109 IS - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, Jana A1 - Backes, Christina A1 - Nourkami-Tutdibi, Nasenien A1 - Leidinger, Petra A1 - Deutscher, Stephanie A1 - Beier, Markus A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - Graf, Norbert A1 - Lenhof, Hans-Peter A1 - Keller, Andreas A1 - Meese, Eckart T1 - Treatment-independent miRNA signature in blood of wilms tumor patients JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background Blood-born miRNA signatures have recently been reported for various tumor diseases. Here, we compared the miRNA signature in Wilms tumor patients prior and after preoperative chemotherapy according to SIOP protocol 2001. Results We did not find a significant difference between miRNA signature of both groups. However both, Wilms tumor patients prior and after chemotherapy showed a miRNA signature different from healthy controls. The signature of Wilms tumor patients prior to chemotherapy showed an accuracy of 97.5% and of patients after chemotherapy an accuracy of 97.0%, each as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for a blood-born Wilms tumor miRNA signature largely independent of four weeks preoperative chemotherapy treatment. KW - miRNA Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124034 VL - 13 IS - 379 ER -