TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Tim
A1  - Dresler, Thomas
A1  - Pyka, Martin
A1  - Notebaert, Karolien
A1  - Fallgatter, Andreas J.
T1  - Local Synchronization of Resting-State Dynamics Encodes Gray's Trait Anxiety
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) as defined within the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) modulates reactions to stimuli indicating aversive events. Gray's trait Anxiety determines the extent to which stimuli activate the BIS. While studies have identified the amygdala-septo-hippocampal circuit as the key-neural substrate of this system in recent years and measures of resting-state dynamics such as randomness and local synchronization of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations have recently been linked to personality traits, the relation between resting-state dynamics and the BIS remains unexplored. In the present study, we thus examined the local synchronization of spontaneous fMRI BOLD fluctuations as measured by Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) in the hippocampus and the amygdala in twenty-seven healthy subjects. Correlation analyses showed that Gray's trait Anxiety was significantly associated with mean ReHo in both the amygdala and the hippocampus. Specifically, Gray's trait Anxiety explained 23% and 17% of resting-state ReHo variance in the left amygdala and the left hippocampus, respectively. In summary, we found individual differences in Gray's trait Anxiety to be associated with ReHo in areas previously associated with BIS functioning. Specifically, higher ReHo in resting-state neural dynamics corresponded to lower sensitivity to punishment scores both in the amygdala and the hippocampus. These findings corroborate and extend recent findings relating resting-state dynamics and personality while providing first evidence linking properties of resting-state fluctuations to Gray's BIS.
KW  - reward
KW  - bold activity
KW  - amygdala
KW  - brain
KW  - personality
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - punishment
KW  - dimensions
KW  - modulation
KW  - predict
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131057
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hahn, Tim
A1  - Karolien, Hilde
A1  - Dresler, Thomas
A1  - Kowarsch, Linda
A1  - Reif, Andreas
A1  - Fallgatter, Andreas J.
T1  - Linking online gaming and addictive behavior: converging evidence for a general reward deficiency in frequent online garners
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
N2  - Millions of people regularly play so-called massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs). Recently, it has been argued that MMORPG overuse is becoming a significant health problem worldwide. Symptoms such as tolerance, withdrawal, and craving have been described. Based on behavioral, resting state, and task-related neuroimaging data, we test whether frequent players of the MMORPG "World of VVarcraft" (WoW) similar to drug addicts and individuals with an increased risk for addictions show a generally deficient reward system. In frequent players of the MMORPG "World of VVarcraft" (WoW-players) and in a control group of non-gamers we assessed (1) trait sensitivity to reward (SR), (2) BOLD responses during monetary reward processing in the ventral striatum, and (3) ventral-striatal resting-state dynamics. We found a decreased neural activation in the ventral striatum during the anticipation of both small and large monetary rewards. Additionally, we show generally altered neurodynamics in this region independent of any specific task for WoW players (resting state). On the behavioral level, we found differences in trait SR, suggesting that the reward processing deficiencies found in this study are not a consequence of gaming, but predisposed to it. These findings empirically support a direct link between frequent online gaming and the broad field of behavioral and drug addiction research, thus opening new avenues for clinical interventions in addicted gamers and potentially improving the assessment of addiction-risk in the vast population of frequent gamers.
KW  - behavioral activation system
KW  - video-game
KW  - drug-addiction
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - dopamine
KW  - anticipation
KW  - massively multiplayer online role playing games
KW  - world of warcraft
KW  - resting-state fMRI
KW  - monetary incentive delay task
KW  - reward deficiency syndrome
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114737
SN  - 1662-5153
VL  - 14
IS  - 8
ER  -