TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heisswolf, Annette
A1  - Ulmann, Sandra
A1  - Obermaier, Elisabeth
A1  - Mitesser, Oliver
A1  - Poethke, Hans J.
T1  - Host plant finding in the specialised leaf beetle Cassida canaliculata: an analysis of small-scale movement behaviour
N2  - 1. Host plant finding in walking herbivorous beetles is still poorly understood. Analysis of small-scale movement patterns under semi-natural conditions can be a useful tool to detect behavioural responses towards host plant cues. 2. In this study, the small-scale movement behaviour of the monophagous leaf beetle Cassida canaliculata Laich. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was studied in a semi-natural arena (r = 1 m). In three different settings, a host (Salvia pratensis L., Lamiales: Lamiaceae), a non-host (Rumex conglomeratus Murr., Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae), or no plant was presented in the centre of the arena. 3. The beetles showed no differences in the absolute movement variables, straightness and mean walking speed, between the three settings. However, the relative movement variables, mean distance to the centre and mean angular deviation from walking straight to the centre, were significantly smaller when a host plant was offered. Likewise, the angular deviation from walking straight to the centre tended to decline with decreasing distance from the centre. Finally, significantly more beetles were found on the host than on the non-host at the end of all the trials. 4. It is concluded that C. canaliculata is able to recognise its host plant from a distance. Whether olfactory or visual cues (or a combination of both) are used to find the host plant remains to be elucidated by further studies.
KW  - Käfer
KW  - Blattkäfer
KW  - Ampfer
KW  - Wiesensalbei
KW  - Arena experiment
KW  - Coleoptera
KW  - Chrysomelidae
KW  - olfaction
KW  - Rumex
KW  - Salvia pratensis
KW  - vision
KW  - walking
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-49485
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Isaias, Ioannis U.
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Marzegan, Alberto
A1  - Marotta, Giorgio
A1  - Cavallari, Paolo
A1  - Pezzoli, Gianni
T1  - The Influence of Dopaminergic Striatal Innervation on Upper Limb Locomotor Synergies
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - To determine the role of striatal dopaminergic innervation on upper limb synergies during walking, we measured arm kinematics in 13 subjects with Parkinson disease. Patients were recruited according to several inclusion criteria to represent the best possible in vivo model of dopaminergic denervation. Of relevance, we included only subjects with normal spatio-temporal parameters of the stride and gait speed to avoid an impairment of upper limbs locomotor synergies as a consequence of gait impairment per se. Dopaminergic innervation of the striatum was measured by FP-CIT and SPECT. All patients showed a reduction of gait-associated arms movement. No linear correlation was found between arm ROM reduction and contralateral dopaminergic putaminal innervation loss. Still, a partition analysis revealed a 80% chance of reduced arm ROM when putaminal dopamine content loss was >47%. A significant correlation was described between the asymmetry indices of the swinging of the two arms and dopaminergic striatal innervation. When arm ROM was reduced, we found a positive correlation between upper-lower limb phase shift modulation ( at different gait velocities) and striatal dopaminergic innervation. These findings are preliminary evidence that dopaminergic striatal tone plays a modulatory role in upper-limb locomotor synergies and upper-lower limb coupling while walking at different velocities.
KW  - pet
KW  - Parkinsons disease
KW  - basal ganglia
KW  - spinal-cord
KW  - walking
KW  - gait
KW  - arm
KW  - coordination
KW  - movements
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133976
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Isaias, Ioannis Ugo
A1  - Dipaola, Mariangela
A1  - Michi, Marlies
A1  - Marzegan, Alberto
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Rodocanachi Roidi, Mariana L.
A1  - Frigo, Carlo Albino
A1  - Cavallari, Paolo
T1  - Gait Initiation in Children with Rett Syndrome
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Rett syndrome is an X-linked neurodevelopmental condition mainly characterized by loss of spoken language and a regression of purposeful hand use, with the development of distinctive hand stereotypies, and gait abnormalities. Gait initiation is the transition from quiet stance to steady-state condition of walking. The associated motor program seems to be centrally mediated and includes preparatory adjustments prior to any apparent voluntary movement of the lower limbs. Anticipatory postural adjustments contribute to postural stability and to create the propulsive forces necessary to reach steady-state gait at a predefined velocity and may be indicative of the effectiveness of the feedforward control of gait. In this study, we examined anticipatory postural adjustments associated with gait initiation in eleven girls with Rett syndrome and ten healthy subjects. Muscle activity (tibialis anterior and soleus muscles), ground reaction forces and body kinematic were recorded. Children with Rett syndrome showed a distinctive impairment in temporal organization of all phases of the anticipatory postural adjustments. The lack of appropriate temporal scaling resulted in a diminished impulse to move forward, documented by an impairment in several parameters describing the efficiency of gait start: length and velocity of the first step, magnitude and orientation of centre of pressure-centre of mass vector at the instant of (swing-)toe off. These findings were related to an abnormal muscular activation pattern mainly characterized by a disruption of the synergistic activity of antagonistic pairs of postural muscles. This study showed that girls with Rett syndrome lack accurate tuning of feedforward control of gait.
KW  - syndrome
KW  - ankles  
KW  - biological locomotion
KW  - kinematics
KW  - rett
KW  - soleus muscles
KW  - walking
KW  - velocity
KW  - children
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119789
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dipaola, Mariangela
A1  - Pavan, Esteban E.
A1  - Cattaneo, Andrea
A1  - Frazzitta, Giuseppe
A1  - Pezzoli, Gianni
A1  - Cavallari, Paolo
A1  - Frigo, Carlo A.
A1  - Isaias, Ioannis U.
T1  - Mechanical Energy Recovery during Walking in Patients with Parkinson Disease
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - The mechanisms of mechanical energy recovery during gait have been thoroughly investigated in healthy subjects, but never described in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether such mechanisms are preserved in PD patients despite an altered pattern of locomotion. We consecutively enrolled 23 PD patients (mean age 64±9 years) with bilateral symptoms (H&Y ≥II) if able to walk unassisted in medication-off condition (overnight suspension of all dopaminergic drugs). Ten healthy subjects (mean age 62±3 years) walked both at their ‘preferred’ and ‘slow’ speeds, to match the whole range of PD velocities. Kinematic data were recorded by means of an optoelectronic motion analyzer. For each stride we computed spatio-temporal parameters, time-course and range of motion (ROM) of hip, knee and ankle joint angles. We also measured kinetic (Wk), potential (W\(_{p}\)), total (W\(_{totCM}\)) energy variations and the energy recovery index (ER). Along with PD progression, we found a significant correlation of W\(_{totCM}\) and W\(_{p}\) with knee ROM and in particular with knee extension in terminal stance phase. W\(_{k}\) and ER were instead mainly related to gait velocity. In PD subjects, the reduction of knee ROM significantly diminished both W\(_{p}\) and W\(_{totCM}\). Rehabilitation treatments should possibly integrate passive and active mobilization of knee to prevent a reduction of gait-related energetic components.
KW  - Parkinson disease
KW  - mechanical energy
KW  - kinematics
KW  - velocity
KW  - hip
KW  - gait analysis
KW  - walking
KW  - knees
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179739
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Batsching, Sophie
A1  - Wolf, Reinhard
A1  - Heisenberg, Martin
T1  - Inescapable Stress Changes Walking Behavior in Flies - Learned Helplessness Revisited
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Like other animals flies develop a state of learned helplessness in response to unescapable aversive events. To show this, two flies, one 'master', one 'yoked', are each confined to a dark, small chamber and exposed to the same sequence of mild electric shocks. Both receive these shocks when the master fly stops walking for more than a second. Behavior in the two animals is differently affected by the shocks. Yoked flies are transiently impaired in place learning and take longer than master flies to exit from the chamber towards light. After the treatment they walk more slowly and take fewer and shorter walking bouts. The low activity is attributed to the fly's experience that its escape response, an innate behavior to terminate the electric shocks, does not help anymore. Earlier studies using heat pulses instead of electric shocks had shown similar effects. This parallel supports the interpretation that it is the uncontrollability that induces the state.
KW  - learning
KW  - locomotion
KW  - animal behavior
KW  - behavioral conditioning
KW  - walking
KW  - vibration
KW  - light pulses
KW  - conditioned response
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178640
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit
A1  - Hoffmann, Sophie
A1  - Salditt, Anne
A1  - Bipp, Tanja
A1  - Froboese, Ingo
T1  - Moving to an “active” biophilic designed office workplace: a pilot study about the effects on sitting time and sitting habits of office-based workers
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Promising initial insights show that offices designed to permit physical activity (PA) may reduce workplace sitting time. Biophilic approaches are intended to introduce natural surroundings into the workplace, and preliminary data show positive effects on stress reduction and elevated productivity within the workplace. The primary aim of this pilot study was to analyze changes in workplace sitting time and self-reported habit strength concerning uninterrupted sitting and PA during work, when relocating from a traditional office setting to “active” biophilic-designed surroundings. The secondary aim was to assess possible changes in work-associated factors such as satisfaction with the office environment, work engagement, and work performance, among office staff. In a pre-post designed field study, we collected data through an online survey on health behavior at work. Twelve participants completed the survey before (one-month pre-relocation, T1) and twice after the office relocation (three months (T2) and seven months post-relocation (T3)). Standing time per day during office hours increased from T1 to T3 by about 40 min per day (p < 0.01). Other outcomes remained unaltered. The results suggest that changing office surroundings to an active-permissive biophilic design increased standing time during working hours. Future larger-scale controlled studies are warranted to investigate the influence of office design on sitting time and work-associated factors during working hours in depth.
KW  - desk-based
KW  - office-workers
KW  - standing
KW  - online survey
KW  - walking
KW  - work engagement
KW  - habit strength
KW  - work performance
KW  - office environment
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197371
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 16
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Flachenecker, Peter
A1  - Bures, Anna Karoline
A1  - Gawlik, Angeli
A1  - Weiland, Ann-Christin
A1  - Kuld, Sarah
A1  - Gusowski, Klaus
A1  - Streber, René
A1  - Pfeifer, Klaus
A1  - Tallner, Alexander
T1  - Efficacy of an internet-based program to promote physical activity and exercise after inpatient rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - Background: Multimodal rehabilitation improves fatigue and mobility in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Effects are transient and may be conserved by internet-based physical activity promotion programs. Objective: Evaluate the effects of internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion on fatigue, quality of life, and gait in PwMS after inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6.0, fatigue: Würzburg Fatigue Inventory for Multiple Sclerosis (WEIMuS) ≥ 32) were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). After rehabilitation, IG received 3 months of internet-based physical activity promotion, while CG received no intervention. Primary outcome: self-reported fatigue (WEIMuS). Secondary outcomes: quality of life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29, MSIS-29), gait (2min/10m walking test, Tinetti score). Measurements: beginning (T0) and end (T1) of inpatient rehabilitation, 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months afterwards. Results: 64 of 84 PwMS were analyzed (IG: 34, CG: 30). After rehabilitation, fatigue decreased in both groups. At T2 and T3, fatigue increased again in CG but was improved in IG (p < 0.001). MSIS-29 improved in both groups at T1 but remained improved at T2 and T3 only in IG. Gait improvements were more pronounced in IG at T2. Conclusions: The study provides Class II evidence that the effects of rehabilitation on fatigue, quality of life, and gait can be maintained for 3–6 months with an internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion program.
KW  - multiple sclerosis
KW  - rehabilitation
KW  - fatigue
KW  - quality of life
KW  - walking
KW  - physical activity
KW  - exercise
KW  - online systems
KW  - internet-based intervention
KW  - health behavior
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207863
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 17
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Murali, Supriya
A1  - Händel, Barbara
T1  - Motor restrictions impair divergent thinking during walking and during sitting
JF  - Psychological Research
N2  - Creativity, specifically divergent thinking, has been shown to benefit from unrestrained walking. Despite these findings, it is not clear if it is the lack of restriction that leads to the improvement. Our goal was to explore the effects of motor restrictions on divergent thinking for different movement states. In addition, we assessed whether spontaneous eye blinks, which are linked to motor execution, also predict performance. In experiment 1, we compared the performance in Guilford's alternate uses task (AUT) during walking vs. sitting, and analysed eye blink rates during both conditions. We found that AUT scores were higher during walking than sitting. Albeit eye blinks differed significantly between movement conditions (walking vs. sitting) and task phase (baseline vs. thinking vs. responding), they did not correlate with task performance. In experiment 2 and 3, participants either walked freely or in a restricted path, or sat freely or fixated on a screen. When the factor restriction was explicitly modulated, the effect of walking was reduced, while restriction showed a significant influence on the fluency scores. Importantly, we found a significant correlation between the rate of eye blinks and creativity scores between subjects, depending on the restriction condition. Our study shows a movement state-independent effect of restriction on divergent thinking. In other words, similar to unrestrained walking, unrestrained sitting also improves divergent thinking. Importantly, we discuss a mechanistic explanation of the effect of restriction on divergent thinking based on the increased size of the focus of attention and the consequent bias towards flexibility.
KW  - creativity
KW  - humans
KW  - sitting
KW  - walking
KW  - thinking
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267722
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
IS  - 7
ER  -