TY - THES A1 - Mohammadi, Milad T1 - Role of oxidized phospholipids in inflammatory pain T1 - Rolle von oxidierten Phospholipiden bei entzündlichen Schmerzen N2 - Introduction: During inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as Hydrogen peroxide accumulate at the inflammation site and by oxidizing lipids, they produce metabolites such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs). Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are ligand gated ion channels that are expressed on nociceptors and their activation elicits pain. Hydrogen peroxide and 4-HNE are endogenous ligands for TRPA1 and their role in inflammatory pain conditions has been shown. OxPLs play a major pro-inflammatory role in many pathologies including atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. E06/T15 is a mouse IgM mAb that specifically binds oxidized phosphatidylcholine. D-4F is an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide with a very high affinity for OxPLs and possess anti-inflammatory properties. E06 mAb and D-4F peptide protect against OxPLs-induced damage in atherosclerosis in vivo. Methods: To investigate the role of ROS and their metabolites in inflammatory pain, I utilized a combination of diverse and complex behavioral pain measurements and binding assays. I examined E06 mAb and D-4F as local treatment options for hypersensitivity evoked by endogenous and exogenous activators of TRPA1 and TRPV1 as well as in inflammatory and OxPL-induced pain models in vivo. 4-HNE, hydrogen peroxide as ROS source and mustard oil (AITC) were used to activate TRPA1, while capsaicin was used to activate TRPV1. Results: Intraplantar injection of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OxPAPC) into rats’ hind paw elicited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Genetic and pharmacological evidence in vivo confirmed the role of TRPA1 in OxPLs-induced hypersensitivity. OxPLs formation increased in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflamed rats’ paw. E06 mAb and D-4F prevented OxPAPC–induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia) as well as CFA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Also, all irritants induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity as well as affective-emotional responses and spontaneous nocifensive behaviors. E06 mAb blocked prolonged mechanical hypersensitivity by all but hydrogen peroxide. In parallel, D-4F prevented mechanical hypersensitivity induced by all irritants as well as thermal hypersensitivity induced by capsaicin and 4-HNE. In addition, competitive binding assays showed that all TRPA1/V1 agonists induced prolonged formation of OxPLs in the paw tissue explaining the anti-nociceptive properties of E06 mAb and D-4F. Finally, the potential of gait analysis as a readout for non-provoked pain behavioral measurements were examined. Conclusion and implications: OxPLs were characterized as novel targets in inflammatory pain. Treatment with the monoclonal antibody E06 or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide D-4F are suggested as potential inflammatory pain medications. OxPLs’ role in neuropathic pain is yet to be investigated. N2 - Im entzündeten Gewebe akkumulieren reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) sowie oxidierte Phospholipide (OxPLs). ROS und in der Reaktionskette nachgeschaltete Verbindungen, wie 4- Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) aktivieren Transiente Rezeptor Potential (TRP) Ionenkanäle: Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) und Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Diese TRP-Kanäle werden auf Nozizeptoren exprimiert und rufen Schmerz z.B. bei Entzündung hervor. OxPLs sind an vielen entzündungsfördernden Prozessen maßgebend beteiligt und spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei Pathologie von Atherosklerose und Multipler Sklerose. E06/T15 ist ein Maus IgM-mAb, welcher spezifisch an oxidierte Phosphatidylcholine bindet. D-4F ist ein Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) mimetisches Peptid, das eine sehr hohe Affinität für OxPLs aufweist und auch entzündungshemmende Eigenschaften besitzt. E06 mAb und D-4F schützen vor Atherosklerose in vivo. Um die mögliche Rolle von OxPLs beim Entzündungsschmerz zu untersuchen, verwendete ich eine Kombination von verschiedenen und komplexen Schmerzverhaltensmessungen, Bindungsassays und immunhistologische Färbungen. ... KW - Inflammatory pain KW - Oxidized phospholipids KW - reactive oxygen species KW - ROS KW - 4-HNE KW - HNE KW - OxPL Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192402 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kloka, Jan Andreas T1 - Endogene Lipide als neues Behandlungstarget im TRPA1-vermittelten Entzündungsschmerz T1 - Endogenous lipids as a new treatment target in TRPA1-mediated inflammatory pain N2 - For nociceptive wound pain, the transient receptor potential channel(TRP) mediated calcium influx is essential. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their downstream oxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal activate the ankyrin 1 homologue TRPA1 in vivo and in vitro. The calcium imaging experiments performed in this study were carried out on stably with TRPA1 and TRPV1 transfected HEK-293 cells and spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons to further understand the mechanistic correlations of nociceptive pain development in inflammatory wound pain. E06, a monoclonal autoantibody (mAb) against oxidized phosphatidylcholine (OxPC) and D-4F, a mimetic peptide of the structural protein apolipoprotein A-I of high density lipoproteins (HDL) were previously used as a diagnostic tools and novel compounds in atherosclerosis. In this study, E06 mAb and D-4F peptide, both, reduced the TRPA1-mediated calcium influx in vitro caused by lipid peroxidation products (OxPL) such as 4-HNE and reactive oxygen species such as H2O2. In addition, we discovered that neither E06 mAb nor D-4F showed a calcium influx-relevant interaction with the Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanillin 1 (TRPV1) activator capsaicin or the TRPV1 channel itself. Taken together, E06 mAb and D-4F peptide are two promising substances to reduce inflammatory pain and local pain relief. N2 - Für nozizeptive Wundschmerzen ist der Transient Receptor Potential Channel (TRP) vermittelte Kalziumeinstrom unerlässlich. Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) und deren Oxidationsprodukte wie 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) aktivieren das Ankyrin-1-Homolog TRPA1 in vivo und in vitro. Die in dieser Studie durchgeführten Kalzium-Imaging Experimente wurden an stabil mit TRPA1 und TRPV1 transfizierten HEK-293-Zellen und spinalen Hinterwurzelganglien durchgeführt, um die mechanistischen Zusammenhänge der nozizeptiven Schmerzentstehung bei entzündlichen Wundschmerzen besser zu verstehen. E06, ein monoklonaler Autoantikörper (mAb) gegen oxidiertes Phosphatidylcholin (OxPC) und D-4F, ein mimetisches Peptid des Strukturproteins Apolipoprotein A-I aus dem high density lipoprotein (HDL), wurden bisher als diagnostischer Marker bei Atherosklerose eingesetzt. In den durchgeführten Experimenten reduzierten E06 mAb und D-4F den durch Lipidperoxidationsprodukte (OxPL) wie 4-HNE und reaktive Sauerstoffspezies wie H2O2 verursachten TRPA1-vermittelten Kalziumeinfluss in vitro. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich, dass weder E06 mAb noch D-4F eine Kalziumeinstromrelevante Interaktion mit dem Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanillin 1 (TRPV1)-Aktivator Capsaicin oder dem TRPV1-Kanal aufweisen. E06 mAb und ApoA-I mimetisches Peptid D-4F erscheinen deshalb als zwei vielversprechende Substanzen, um den inflammatorischen Wundschmerz zu verringern. Deshalb sind sie auch als potentielles Analgetikum für eine nebenwirkungsärmere, lokale Schmerzbekämpfung vielversprechend. KW - Entzündung KW - Schmerztherapie KW - Schmerzforschung KW - TRPA1 KW - H2O2 KW - Calcium Imaging KW - 4-HNE KW - ApoA-I D-4F KW - E06 mAb KW - Phospholipide KW - Ionenkanal Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180844 ER -