TY - JOUR A1 - Roces, Flavio A1 - Pielström, Steffen T1 - Soil Moisture and Excavation Behaviour in the Chaco Leaf-Cutting Ant (Atta vollenweideri): Digging Performance and Prevention of Water Inflow into the Nest N2 - The Chaco leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri is native to the clay-heavy soils of the Gran Chaco region in South America. Because of seasonal floods, colonies are regularly exposed to varying moisture across the soil profile, a factor that not only strongly influences workers' digging performance during nest building, but also determines the suitability of the soil for the rearing of the colony's symbiotic fungus. In this study, we investigated the effects of varying soil moisture on behaviours associated with underground nest building in A. vollenweideri. This was done in a series of laboratory experiments using standardised, plastic clay-water mixtures with gravimetric water contents ranging from relatively brittle material to mixtures close to the liquid limit. Our experiments showed that preference and group-level digging rate increased with increasing water content, but then dropped considerably for extremely moist materials. The production of vibrational recruitment signals during digging showed, on the contrary, a slightly negative linear correlation with soil moisture. Workers formed and carried clay pellets at higher rates in moist clay, even at the highest water content tested. Hence, their weak preference and low group-level excavation rate observed for that mixture cannot be explained by any inability to work with the material. More likely, extremely high moistures may indicate locations unsuitable for nest building. To test this hypothesis, we simulated a situation in which workers excavated an upward tunnel below accumulated surface water. The ants stopped digging about 12 mm below the interface soil/water, a behaviour representing a possible adaptation to the threat of water inflow field colonies are exposed to while digging under seasonally flooded soils. Possible roles of soil water in the temporal and spatial pattern of nest growth are discussed. KW - ants KW - fungi KW - surface water KW - vibration KW - acoustic signals KW - physical properties KW - analysis of variance KW - fungal structure Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111298 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hellmuth, Hans-Jörg T1 - Diagnostik und Prävention von Rückenleiden bei Hubschrauberbesatzungen der Bundeswehr auf Bell UH1D : Differenzierung und Prävention von Rückenleiden und möglichen Berufskrankheiten T1 - Diagnostics and prevention of back pain in German Bundeswehr helicopter aircrews on Bell UH1D : differentiation and prevention of back pain and potential occupational diseases N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu erforschen, ob mittels einer strukturierten Anamnese und einer intensiven manueller Untersuchung ein Weg zur Prävention von Rückenschmerzen und einer möglicherweise daraus resultierenden Berufskrankheit zu finden ist. Je 20 männliche Hubschrauberpiloten und Bordmechaniker des Transporthubschrauberregimentes 30 im Alter von 25-50 Jahren bildeten die Untersuchungsgruppen. Sie alle sind Teil der Besatzungen auf der Bell UH-1D, einem seit 1965 in der Bundeswehr ein-geführtem Hubschrauber mit einem Triebwerk und 2 Rotorblättern, wodurch sehr starke und niederfrequente Vibrationen erzeugt werden. Grundlagen der Untersuchungen waren ein validierter und standardisierter Erhebungsbogen, eine umfassende manuelle Untersuchungstechnik sowie eine genaue Kenntnis der Arbeitsplätze von und Anforderungen an Hubschrauberbesatzungen des Heeres auf Bell UH-1D. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten jeweils ohne Kenntnis der Anamnese nach den vorgegebenen Schritten des Untersuchungsbogens N2 - Diagnostics and prevention of back pain in German Bundeswehr helicopter aircrews on Bell UH1D; differentiation and prevention of back pain and potential occupational diseases; An attempt to verify and evaluate back pain with manual diagnostic (chirodiagnostics and chirotherapy)and structured medical history in order to prevent pain and occupational diseases. KW - Kreuzschmerz KW - Rückenschmerz KW - Diagnostik KW - Prävention KW - Fehlerverhütung KW - Hubschrauber KW - Hubschrauberpilot KW - Fliegendes Personal KW - Deutschland KW - Deutschland / Bundeswehr KW - Heeresfliegertruppe KW - Differenzierung KW - Sportliche Bewegung KW - Sportart KW - Beru KW - Chirodiagnostik KW - manuelle Diagnostik KW - Transporthubschrauberregiment 30 KW - Fliegerarzt KW - Betriebsmedizin KW - back pain KW - vibration KW - chirotherapy KW - helicopter KW - aircrew KW - military Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32745 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Batsching, Sophie A1 - Wolf, Reinhard A1 - Heisenberg, Martin T1 - Inescapable Stress Changes Walking Behavior in Flies - Learned Helplessness Revisited JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Like other animals flies develop a state of learned helplessness in response to unescapable aversive events. To show this, two flies, one 'master', one 'yoked', are each confined to a dark, small chamber and exposed to the same sequence of mild electric shocks. Both receive these shocks when the master fly stops walking for more than a second. Behavior in the two animals is differently affected by the shocks. Yoked flies are transiently impaired in place learning and take longer than master flies to exit from the chamber towards light. After the treatment they walk more slowly and take fewer and shorter walking bouts. The low activity is attributed to the fly's experience that its escape response, an innate behavior to terminate the electric shocks, does not help anymore. Earlier studies using heat pulses instead of electric shocks had shown similar effects. This parallel supports the interpretation that it is the uncontrollability that induces the state. KW - learning KW - locomotion KW - animal behavior KW - behavioral conditioning KW - walking KW - vibration KW - light pulses KW - conditioned response Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178640 VL - 11 IS - 11 ER -