TY - JOUR A1 - Boulos, Joelle C. A1 - Saeed, Mohamed E. M. A1 - Chatterjee, Manik A1 - Bülbül, Yagmur A1 - Crudo, Francesco A1 - Marko, Doris A1 - Munder, Markus A1 - Klauck, Sabine M. A1 - Efferth, Thomas T1 - Repurposing of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib for acute leukemia and multiple myeloma cells JF - Pharmaceuticals N2 - Crizotinib was a first generation of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. COMPARE and cluster analyses of transcriptomic data of the NCI cell line panel indicated that genes with different cellular functions regulated the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to crizotinib. Transcription factor binding motif analyses in gene promoters divulged two transcription factors possibly regulating the expression of these genes, i.e., RXRA and GATA1, which are important for leukemia and erythroid development, respectively. COMPARE analyses also implied that cell lines of various cancer types displayed varying degrees of sensitivity to crizotinib. Unexpectedly, leukemia but not lung cancer cells were the most sensitive cells among the different types of NCI cancer cell lines. Re-examining this result in another panel of cell lines indeed revealed that crizotinib exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells were cross-resistant to crizotinib. NCI-H929 multiple myeloma cells were the most sensitive cells. Hence, we evaluated the mode of action of crizotinib on these cells. Although crizotinib is a TKI, it showed highest correlation rates with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors and tubulin inhibitors. The altered gene expression profiles after crizotinib treatment predicted several networks, where TOP2A and genes related to cell cycle were downregulated. Cell cycle analyses showed that cells incubated with crizotinib for 24 h accumulated in the G\(_2\)M phase. Crizotinib also increased the number of p-H3(Ser10)-positive NCI-H929 cells illustrating crizotinib's ability to prevent mitotic exit. However, cells accumulated in the sub-G\(_0\)G\(_1\) fraction with longer incubation periods, indicating apoptosis induction. Additionally, crizotinib disassembled the tubulin network of U2OS cells expressing an α-tubulin-GFP fusion protein, preventing migration of cancer cells. This result was verified by in vitro tubulin polymerization assays. In silico molecular docking also revealed a strong binding affinity of crizotinib to the colchicine and Vinca alkaloid binding sites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that crizotinib destabilized microtubules. Additionally, the decatenation assay showed that crizotinib partwise inhibited the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase II. In conclusion, crizotinib exerted kinase-independent cytotoxic effects through the dual inhibition of tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase II and might be used to treat not only NSCLC but also multiple myeloma. KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - drug repurposing KW - multiple myeloma KW - network pharmacology KW - transcriptomics KW - tyrosine kinase inhibitors Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250258 SN - 1424-8247 VL - 14 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Huiqiang A1 - Chen, Nanhai G. A1 - Minev, Boris R. A1 - Szalay, Aladar A. T1 - Oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 strain shows enhanced replication in human breast cancer stem-like cells in comparison to breast cancer cells JF - Journal of Translational Medicine N2 - Background: Recent data suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer, as these cells possess enhanced tumor-forming capabilities and are responsible for relapses after apparently curative therapies have been undertaken. Hence, novel cancer therapies will be needed to test for both tumor regression and CSC targeting. The use of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) represents an attractive anti-tumor approach and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether VACV does kill CSCs that are resistant to irradiation and chemotherapy. Methods: Cancer stem-like cells were identified and separated from the human breast cancer cell line GI-101A by virtue of increased aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity as assessed by the ALDEFLUOR assay and cancer stem cell-like features such as chemo-resistance, irradiation-resistance and tumor-initiating were confirmed in cell culture and in animal models. VACV treatments were applied to both ALDEFLUOR-positive cells in cell culture and in xenograft tumors derived from these cells. Moreover, we identified and isolated CD44\(^+\)CD24\(^+\)ESA\(^+\) cells from GI-101A upon an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These cells were similarly characterized both in cell culture and in animal models. Results: We demonstrated for the first time that the oncolytic VACV GLV-1h68 strain replicated more efficiently in cells with higher ALDH1 activity that possessed stem cell-like features than in cells with lower ALDH1 activity. GLV-1h68 selectively colonized and eventually eradicated xenograft tumors originating from cells with higher ALDH1 activity. Furthermore, GLV-1h68 also showed preferential replication in CD44\(^+\)CD24\(^+\)ESA\(^+\) cells derived from GI-101A upon an EMT induction as well as in xenograft tumors originating from these cells that were more tumorigenic than CD44\(^+\)CD24\(^-\)ESA\(^+\) cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings indicate that GLV-1h68 efficiently replicates and kills cancer stem-like cells. Thus, GLV-1h68 may become a promising agent for eradicating both primary and metastatic tumors, especially tumors harboring cancer stem-like cells that are resistant to chemo and/or radiotherapy and may be responsible for recurrence of tumors. KW - tumors KW - therapy KW - metastasis KW - identification KW - lines KW - gene expression KW - in-vitro propagation KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - epithelial-mesenchymal transition KW - subpopulation Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130019 VL - 10 IS - 167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt, Jan-Niklas A1 - Stasik, Sebastian A1 - Kramer, Michael A1 - Röllig, Christoph A1 - Krämer, Alwin A1 - Scholl, Sebastian A1 - Hochhaus, Andreas A1 - Crysandt, Martina A1 - Brümmendorf, Tim H. A1 - Naumann, Ralph A1 - Steffen, Björn A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Schaich, Markus A1 - Burchert, Andreas A1 - Neubauer, Andreas A1 - Schäfer-Eckart, Kerstin A1 - Schliemann, Christoph A1 - Krause, Stefan W. A1 - Herbst, Regina A1 - Hänel, Mathias A1 - Frickhofen, Norbert A1 - Noppeney, Richard A1 - Kaiser, Ulrich A1 - Baldus, Claudia D. A1 - Kaufmann, Martin A1 - Rácil, Zdenek A1 - Platzbecker, Uwe A1 - Berdel, Wolfgang E. A1 - Mayer, Jiří A1 - Serve, Hubert A1 - Müller-Tidow, Carsten A1 - Ehninger, Gerhard A1 - Stölzel, Friedrich A1 - Kroschinsky, Frank A1 - Schetelig, Johannes A1 - Bornhäuser, Martin A1 - Thiede, Christian A1 - Middeke, Jan Moritz T1 - Loss-of-function mutations of BCOR are an independent marker of adverse outcomes in intensively treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia JF - Cancers N2 - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by recurrent genetic events. The BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) and its homolog, the BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1), have been reported to be rare but recurrent mutations in AML. Previously, smaller studies have reported conflicting results regarding impacts on outcomes. Here, we retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 1529 patients with newly diagnosed and intensively treated AML. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations were found in 71 (4.6%) and 53 patients (3.5%), respectively. Frequently co-mutated genes were DNTM3A, TET2 and RUNX1. Mutated BCORL1 and loss-of-function mutations of BCOR were significantly more common in the ELN2017 intermediate-risk group. Patients harboring loss-of-function mutations of BCOR had a significantly reduced median event-free survival (HR = 1.464 (95%-Confidence Interval (CI): 1.005–2.134), p = 0.047), relapse-free survival (HR = 1.904 (95%-CI: 1.163–3.117), p = 0.01), and trend for reduced overall survival (HR = 1.495 (95%-CI: 0.990–2.258), p = 0.056) in multivariable analysis. Our study establishes a novel role for loss-of-function mutations of BCOR regarding risk stratification in AML, which may influence treatment allocation. KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - BCOR KW - BCORL1 KW - loss-of-function KW - risk stratification KW - survival Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236735 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 13 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röllig, C. A1 - Kramer, M. A1 - Gabrecht, M. A1 - Hänel, M. A1 - Herbst, R. A1 - Kaiser, U. A1 - Schmitz, N. A1 - Kullmer, J. A1 - Fetscher, S. A1 - Link, H. A1 - Mantovani-Löffler, L. A1 - Krümpelmann, U. A1 - Neuhaus, T. A1 - Heits, F. A1 - Einsele, H. A1 - Ritter, B. A1 - Bornhäuser, M. A1 - Schetelig, J. A1 - Thiede, C. A1 - Mohr, B. A1 - Schaich, M. A1 - Platzbecker, U. A1 - Schäfer-Eckart, K. A1 - Krämer, A. A1 - Berdel, W. E. A1 - Serve, H. A1 - Ehninger, G. A1 - Schuler, U. S. T1 - Intermediate-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone versus standard-dose cytarabine plus daunorubicin for acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients JF - Annals of Oncology N2 - Background: The combination of intermediate-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone (IMA) can induce high complete remission rates with acceptable toxicity in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present the final results of a randomized-controlled trial comparing IMA with the standard 7+3 induction regimen consisting of continuous infusion cytarabine plus daunorubicin (DA). Patients and methods: Patients with newly diagnosed AML>60 years were randomized to receive either intermediate-dose cytarabine (1000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1, 3, 5, 7) plus mitoxantrone (10 mg/m(2) days 1-3) (IMA) or standard induction therapy with cytarabine (100 mg/m(2) continuously days 1-7) plus daunorubicin (45 mg/m(2) days 3-5) (DA). Patients in complete remission after DA received intermediate-dose cytarabine plus amsacrine as consolidation treatment, whereas patients after IMA were consolidated with standard-dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone. Results: Between February 2005 and October 2009, 485 patients were randomized; 241 for treatment arm DA and 244 for IMA; 76% of patients were >65 years. The complete response rate after DA was 39% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 33-45] versus 55% (95% CI: 49-61) after IMA (odds ratio 1.89, P = 0.001). The 6-week early-death rate was 14% in both arms. Relapse-free survival curves were superimposable in the first year, but separated afterwards, resulting in 3-year relapse-free survival rates of 29% versus 14% in the DA versus IMA arms, respectively (P = 0.042). The median overall survival was 10 months in both arms (P = 0.513). Conclusion: The dose escalation of cytarabine in induction therapy lead to improved remission rates in the elderly AML patients. This did not translate into a survival advantage, most likely due to differences in consolidation treatment. Thus, effective consolidation strategies need to be further explored. In combination with an effective consolidation strategy, the use of intermediate-dose cytarabine in induction may improve curative treatment for elderly AML patients. KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - cytarabine dose KW - elderly Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226473 VL - 29 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bersi, Heidi T1 - Etablierung eines 3D in vitro Blutgefäß-/Gewebemodells zur Testung spezifischer Therapeutika zur Leukämiebehandlung T1 - Establishment of a 3D in vitro blood vessel /tissue model to test specific therapeutic agents to treat leukemia N2 - In Deutschland erkranken jährlich etwa 500.000 Menschen an Krebs, wovon circa 12.000 die Diagnose „Leukämie“ gestellt bekommen [1]. Unter den Leukämien weist die akute myeloische Leukämie (AML) die ungünstigste Prognose auf, sodass hier erheblicher Forschungsbedarf besteht. Zusätzlich schnitten viele potentielle Therapeutika, die sich in bisherigen präklinischen Testsystemen als vielversprechend erwiesen haben, in klinischen Studien schlecht ab [8]. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Etablierung eines 3D in vitro Blutgefäß-/Gewebemodells als verbessertes präklinisches System zur Testung von Therapeutika, die zur erfolgreichen Behandlung von Leukämien beitragen sollen. Das 3D Blutgefäßmodell bestand aus humanen primären Endothelzellen, welche als Monolayer auf der Serosaseite einer dezellularisierten, porzinen, intestinalen Kollagenmatrix (SIS-Ser) wuchsen. Nach 14-tägiger Zellkultur wurden dem Versuchsansatz entsprechend nichtadhärente THP-1 Zellen (AML-M5-Zelllinie) und Tipifarnib oder entsprechende Kontrolllösungen beziehungsweise bimolekulare Antikörperkonstrukte mit PBMCs als Effektorzellen hinzupipettiert. Nach 5-tägiger Inkubation mit Tipifarnib beziehungsweise 24-stündiger Behandlung mit Antikörperkonstrukten wurde der therapiebedingte Anstieg der Apoptoserate in den malignen THP-1 Zellen mittels durchflusszytometrischer Analyse der Modellüberstände ermittelt. Zum Ausschluss verbliebener und durchflusszytometrisch zu analysierender Zellen wurde, stellvertretend für alle Suspensionszellen, eine Anti-CD13/DAB-Färbung durchgeführt, welche negativ ausfiel. Mögliche Kollateralschäden am Endothel wurden mittels histologischen Färbemethoden an Gewebeparaffinschnitten untersucht. In der Durchflusszytometrie zeigte Tipifarnib sowohl im 2D als auch im 3D Modell äquivalente, dosisabhängige und antileukämische Auswirkungen auf die THP-1 Zellen. Bei Applikation der Antikörperkonstrukte ließ lediglich die Kombination beider Hemibodies signifikante Effekte auf die THP-1 Zellen erkennen. Dabei zeigten sich bei konstanten Konzentrationen der Antikörperkonstrukte im 3D Modell deutlich höhere Apoptoseraten (58%) als im 2D Modell (38%). Stellt man Vergleiche von Tipifarnib mit den T-Zell-rekrutierenden Antikörperkonstrukten an, so ließen sich im 2D Modell ähnliche Apoptoseraten in den THP-1 Zellen erzielen (jeweils 38% bei Anwendung von 500 nM Tipifarnib). In den 3D Modellen erzielten jedoch die niedriger konzentrierten Antikörperkonstrukte bei kürzerer Inkubationsdauer eine noch höhere spezifische Apoptoserate in den THP-1 Zellen (im Mittel 58%) als 500 nM Tipifarnib (mittlere Apoptoserate 40%). Bezüglich der Nebenwirkungen ließ sich im 3D Modell nach Applikation von Antikörperkonstrukten kein wesentlicher Einfluss auf das Endothel erkennen, während Tipifarnib/DMSO als auch die mit DMSO versetzten Kontrolllösungen zu einer dosisabhänigen Destruktion des ursprünglichen Endothelzellmonolayers führten. Damit stellt die hier beschriebene, hoch spezifische, Hemibody-vermittelte Immuntherapie einen vielversprechenden Ansatz für zukünftige onkologische Therapien dar. Mithilfe des etablierten humanen 3D in vitro Modells konnte im Vergleich zur konventionellen Zellkultur eine natürlichere Mikroumgebung für Zellen geschaffen und die Auswirkungen der Testsubstanzen sowohl auf maligne Zellen, als auch auf die Gefäßstrukturen untersucht werden. N2 - In Germany every year about 500,000 people contract cancer whereof about 12,000 have leukemia [1]. Among all types of leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has the worst prognosis so that there is an increased need for research. In addition many potential therapeutic agents, which had been very promising in previous preclinical tests, subsequently performed poorly in clinical studies [8]. The aim of this work was to establish a 3D in vitro blood vessel /tissue model as an enhanced preclinical test system for therapeutic agents, which could contribute to successful treatment of leukemia. The 3D blood vessel model consists of human primary endothelial cells growing as a monolayer on the serosa site of a decellularized porcine intestinal collagen matrix (called SIS-Ser). After 14 days in cell culture non-adherent THP-1 cells (AML-M5) and Tipifarnib or control solution, or other bimolecular antibody constructs and PBMC as effector cells were added to the experimental setting. After 5 days treatment with Tipifarnib or 24 hours with antibody constructs the therapy related effects on THP-1 cells were observed by flow cytometric analysis of the model remants. For exclusion of adherent suspension cells on the matrix an anti CD-13/DAB labeling was carried out, which was negative. Damaging effects on endothelial cells were assessed by histological staining of paraffin sections. In 2D as well as in 3D tipifarnib showed equivalent dose-dependent antileukemic effects on THP-1 by flow cytometry. After application of antibody constructs only the combination of both hemibodies showed significant effects on THP-1. While having constant concentrations in 2D and 3D the antibody constructs resulted in higher apoptotic rate in 3D (58%) than in 2D (38%). In comparison to tipifarnib, the t-cell recruting antibody constructs resulted in a similar apoptotic rate in THP-1 in 2D (38% when using 500 nM tipifarnib) whereas they had higher specific effects on THP-1 in 3D by a shorter incubation period and lower concentrations (58% versus 40% after incubation with 500 nM tipifarnib). Concerning side effects, the hemibodies had no significant influence on the endothelial monolayer whereas tipifarnib/DMSO and DMSO alone led to damage in a dose-dependent manner. So highly specific hemibody- mediated immunotherapy shows a promising approach for future cancer treatment. With this human 3D in vitro model a more natural mico-environment was created for the cells in comparison to conventional cell cultures and it is was possible to investigate the anti-leukemic effects of therapeutic drugs as well as their impact on the endothelial monolayer. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Gewebekultur KW - Akute myeloische Leukämie KW - Antikörper KW - Immuntherapie KW - 3D in vitro Modell KW - Akute myeloische Leukämie KW - Tipifarnib KW - T-Zell-rekrutierende Antikörperkonstrukte KW - 3D in vitro model KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - t-cell recruting antibody constructs Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152506 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wester, Hans Jürgen A1 - Keller, Ulrich A1 - Schottelius, Margret A1 - Beer, Ambros A1 - Philipp-Abbrederis, Kathrin A1 - Hoffmann, Frauke A1 - Šimeček, Jakub A1 - Gerngross, Carlos A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Pellegata, Natalia A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Kessler, Horst A1 - Schwaiger, Markus T1 - Disclosing the CXCR4 expression in lymphoproliferative diseases by targeted molecular imaging JF - Theranostics N2 - Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions play a pivotal role in cell attraction and cellular trafficking, both in normal tissue homeostasis and in disease. In cancer, chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression is an adverse prognostic factor. Early clinical studies suggest that targeting CXCR4 with suitable high-affinity antagonists might be a novel means for therapy. In addition to the preclinical evaluation of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in mice bearing human lymphoma xenografts as an exemplary CXCR4-expressing tumor entity, we report on the first clinical applications of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-Positron Emission Tomography as a powerful method for CXCR4 imaging in cancer patients. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor binds with high affinity and selectivity to human CXCR4 and exhibits a favorable dosimetry. [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET provides images with excellent specificity and contrast. This non-invasive imaging technology for quantitative assessment of CXCR4 expression allows to further elucidate the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 ligand interaction in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - prognostic value KW - therapeutic target KW - chemokine receptor KW - CXCR4 KW - lymphoma KW - in vivo imaging KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144537 VL - 5 IS - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ketz, Verena T1 - Analyse der relevanten Parameter bei der Nachsorge der akuten myeloischen Leukämie T1 - Analysis of relevant parameters during follow-up of acute myeloid leukemia N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob es bei der Nachsorge von Patienten in erster kompletter Remission (CR) einer akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) Parameter gibt, deren Veränderung ein Rezidiv ankündigen und ob die Struktur des Nachsorgeprogramms geeignet ist, ein Rezidiv frühzeitig zu erkennen. Bei 29 Patienten der 52 analysierten Patienten kam es zu einem Rezidiv. Bei 48% dieser Patienten war der Rezidivverdacht bereits aufgrund klinischer Beschwerden wie Leistungsabfall und Dyspnoe oder durch ein pathologisches Blutbild bei der hausärztlichen Kontrolle zu stellen. Am Rezidivtermin zeigten alle Rezidivpatienten pathologische Veränderungen von LDH, Hämoglobin, Leuko- oder Thrombozyten. Der Rezidivverdacht wurde also nicht erst durch eine Knochenmarkpunktion gestellt. Für viele AML Patienten in erster CR sind regelmäßige Kontrolluntersuchungen beim Hausarzt ausreichend, eine Knochenmarkpunktion ist nicht routinemäßig erforderlich. N2 - This analysis surveyed follow up parameters of patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission. The goal was to find parameters, indicating a relaps and to survey the value of follow up programs. 29 of the 52 analyzed patients got a relaps. In 48% of these patients a relaps was suspected due to clinical compliants (like weakness, dyspnea) or abnormal blood cell count during routine lab testing by family doctor.The remaining patients with relaps showed abnormal LDH, hemoglobin or blood cell count. The bone marrow examination was not nessesary to suspect the relaps. Thus for many patients in first remission bone marrow examinations are not routinely necessary. The routine blood testing and follow up examinations by the family doctor seem to be sufficient. KW - Akute Leukämie KW - Akute myeloische Leukämie KW - Myelose KW - Nachsorge KW - Rezidiv KW - Knochenmarkbiopsie KW - Molekulare Diagnostik KW - Blutuntersuchung KW - acute myeloid leukemia KW - follow-up KW - bone marrow exam KW - relaps KW - blood count Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-29428 ER -