TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hommers, Wilfried
T1  - Non-Additivität als Beleg für die moralische Natur der Integration von Schaden und Ersatz
N2  - Beruhten non-additive Strukturen von Urteilen über Schadenswiedergutmachungen lediglich auf Verarbeitung "objektiver" Informationen oder schlossen sie "subjektive" Prozesse ein, die für eine besondere moralische Natur der Urteile sprachen? 60 Vorschüler, Grundschüler und Erwachsene beurteilten visuell dargebotene Kombinationen von Sachschadens- und Ersatzleistungsumfängen. Die Urteile wurden mit zwei Klassen von jeweils drei Prozeßmodellen verglichen. Die einen berücksichtigten objektiv wahrnehmbare Eigenschaften der Stimuli, die anderen waren Erscheinungsformen eines multiplikativen Integrationsgesetzes für Schadensumfänge und für "subjektive" Werte der Ersatzproportionen. Das die Urteile jeweils einer Versuchsperson best-beschreibende Modell stammte in 90 % der Fälle aus der Klasse der multiplikativen Integration. Die Kindergarten-Gruppe hatte homogenere Modell-Zuordnungen als die GrundschÜler-Gruppe.
N2  - Did non-additive structures ofjudgments about compensation follow from processing objectively presented information or are "subjective" processes involved which point to a distinct moral nature ofthosejudgments? 60 pre-, elementary school children and adults rated visually presenied combinations ofamounts of damage and amounts of compensation. Ratings were compared with two d asses ofprocess models, three in each dass. Some were related to features objectively present in the stimuli, the others were variations of a multiplicative integration rule for damage and "subjective" values ofproportional compensation. The best fitting model of each individual was in 90 per cent out of the multiplicative integration rule dass. Preschoolers had more homogenous model diagnoses than elementary school children.
KW  - Moral judgments
KW  - compensation
KW  - non-additive structures
Y1  - 1986
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44188
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beck, Franziska
A1  - Engel, Florian A.
A1  - Reimers, Anne Kerstin
T1  - Compensation or displacement of physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review of empirical studies
JF  - Children
N2  - Regular physical activity during childhood and adolescence is associated with health benefits. Consequently, numerous health promotion programs for children and adolescents emphasize the enhancement of physical activity. However, the ActivityStat hypothesis states that increases in physical activity in one domain are compensated for by decreasing physical activity in another domain. Currently, little is known about how physical activity varies in children and adolescents within intervals of one day or multiple days. This systematic review provides an overview of studies that analyzed changes in (overall) physical activity, which were assessed with objective measurements, or compensatory mechanisms caused by increases or decreases in physical activity in a specific domain in children and adolescents. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SportDiscus) was performed with a priori defined inclusion criteria. Two independent researchers screened the literature and identified and rated the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 77 peer-reviewed articles were included that analyzed changes in overall physical activity with multiple methodological approaches resulting in compensation or displacement. Of 40,829 participants, 16,265 indicated compensation associated with physical activity. Subgroup analyses separated by study design, participants, measurement instrument, physical activity context, and intervention duration also showed mixed results toward an indication of compensation. Quality assessment of the included studies revealed that they were of high quality (mean = 0.866). This review provides inconclusive results about compensation in relation to physical activity. A trend toward increased compensation in interventional studies and in interventions of longer duration have been observed.
KW  - compensation
KW  - displacement
KW  - physical activity
KW  - children
KW  - adolescents
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267231
SN  - 2227-9067
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -