TY - JOUR A1 - Griebel, Matthias A1 - Segebarth, Dennis A1 - Stein, Nikolai A1 - Schukraft, Nina A1 - Tovote, Philip A1 - Blum, Robert A1 - Flath, Christoph M. T1 - Deep learning-enabled segmentation of ambiguous bioimages with deepflash2 JF - Nature Communications N2 - Bioimages frequently exhibit low signal-to-noise ratios due to experimental conditions, specimen characteristics, and imaging trade-offs. Reliable segmentation of such ambiguous images is difficult and laborious. Here we introduce deepflash2, a deep learning-enabled segmentation tool for bioimage analysis. The tool addresses typical challenges that may arise during the training, evaluation, and application of deep learning models on ambiguous data. The tool’s training and evaluation pipeline uses multiple expert annotations and deep model ensembles to achieve accurate results. The application pipeline supports various use-cases for expert annotations and includes a quality assurance mechanism in the form of uncertainty measures. Benchmarked against other tools, deepflash2 offers both high predictive accuracy and efficient computational resource usage. The tool is built upon established deep learning libraries and enables sharing of trained model ensembles with the research community. deepflash2 aims to simplify the integration of deep learning into bioimage analysis projects while improving accuracy and reliability. KW - machine learning KW - microscopy KW - quality control KW - software Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357286 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tolay, Nazife A1 - Buchberger, Alexander T1 - Comparative profiling of stress granule clearance reveals differential contributions of the ubiquitin system JF - Life Science Alliance N2 - Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic condensates containing untranslated mRNP complexes. They are induced by various proteotoxic conditions such as heat, oxidative, and osmotic stress. SGs are believed to protect mRNPs from degradation and to enable cells to rapidly resume translation when stress conditions subside. SG dynamics are controlled by various posttranslationalmodifications, but the role of the ubiquitin system has remained controversial. Here, we present a comparative analysis addressing the involvement of the ubiquitin system in SG clearance. Using high-resolution immuno-fluorescence microscopy, we found that ubiquitin associated to varying extent with SGs induced by heat, arsenite, H2O2, sorbitol, or combined puromycin and Hsp70 inhibitor treatment. SG-associated ubiquitin species included K48- and K63-linked conjugates, whereas free ubiquitin was not significantly enriched. Inhibition of the ubiquitin activating enzyme, deubiquitylating enzymes, the 26S proteasome and p97/VCP impaired the clearance of arsenite- and heat-induced SGs, whereas SGs induced by other stress conditions were little affected. Our data underline the differential involvement of the ubiquitin system in SG clearance, a process important to prevent the formation of disease-linked aberrant SGs. KW - phase transition KW - quality control KW - protein KW - inhibition KW - complexity KW - separation KW - diversity KW - autophagy KW - ALS KW - P97 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259810 VL - 4 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kato, Hiroki A1 - Lu, Qiping A1 - Rapaport, Doron A1 - Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera T1 - Tom70 Is Essential for PINK1 Import into Mitochondria JF - PLoS ONE N2 - PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine kinase in the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM), and known as a responsible gene of Parkinson's disease (PD). The precursor of PINK1 is synthesized in the cytosol and then imported into the mitochondria via the translocase of the OMM (TOM) complex. However, a large part of PINK1 import mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined using cell-free system the mechanism by which PINK1 is targeted to and assembled into mitochondria. Surprisingly, the main component of the import channel, Tom40 was not necessary for PINK1 import. Furthermore, we revealed that the import receptor Tom70 is essential for PINK1 import. In addition, we observed that although PINK1 has predicted mitochondrial targeting signal, it was not processed by the mitochondrial processing peptidase. Thus, our results suggest that PINK1 is imported into mitochondria by a unique pathway that is independent of the TOM core complex but crucially depends on the import receptor Tom70. KW - binding KW - outer-membrane proteins KW - Parkinsons diesease KW - intracellular membranes KW - quality control KW - pathway KW - recruitment KW - biogenesis KW - mechanisms KW - complex Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131061 VL - 8 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schoenborn, Veit T1 - Whole Genome Amplification von Plasma-DNA und Entwicklung eines Ausschlusskriteriums zur Verbesserung der Genotypisierungsqualität T1 - Sample selection algorithm to improve quality of genotyping from plasma-derived DNA: to separate the wheat from the chaff. N2 - Plasma- und Serumproben waren in früheren epidemiologischen Studien häufig das einzige biologische Material, das gesammelt und untersucht wurde. Diese Studien besitzen gerade durch ihren sehr langen Untersuchungszeitraum einen riesigen Informationsgehalt und wären ein unbezahlbarer Schatz für genetische Analysen. Oft ist aufgrund damals mangelnder Akquirierung jedoch keine genomische DNA verfügbar. Um die in Plasmaproben in geringer Menge vorkommende DNA verwenden zu können, extrahierten wir die DNA mit Hilfe von magnetischen Partikeln und setzten sie in eine Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) mittels Φ29-DNA-Polymerase ein. Wir stellten 88 Probenpärchen, bestehend aus einer WGA-Plasma-DNA und der korrespondierenden Vollblut-DNA derselben Person, zusammen und genotypisierten bei diesen neun hochpolymorphe Short Tandem Repeats (STR) und 25 SNPs. Die durchschnittliche innerhalb der Probenpaare auftretende Diskordanzrate betrug 3,8% für SNPs sowie 15,9% für STRs. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Hälfte der Probenpaare entwickelten wir einen Ausschlussalgorithmus und validierten diesen in der anderen Hälfte der Probenpaare. Mit diesem ist es möglich, zum Einen diejenigen Proben mit einer guten DNA-Qualität herauszufiltern, um Genotypisierungsfehler zu vermeiden, und zum Anderen jene Proben mit insuffizienter DNA-Qualität auszuschließen. Nachdem Proben, die fünf oder mehr homozygote Loci in dem 9-STR-Markerset aufwiesen, ausgeschlossen wurden, resultierte dies in einer Ausschlussrate von 22,7% und senkte die durchschnittliche Diskordanzrate auf 3,92% für STRs bzw. 0,63% für SNPs. Bei SNPs entspricht dieser Wert ungefähr der Fehlerquote, wie er auch bei Genotypisierungen mit Vollblut-DNA in vielen Laboratorien auftritt. Unsere Methode und das Ausschlusskriterium bieten damit neue Möglichkeiten, um zuverlässige DNA aus archivierten Plasmaproben wiederzugewinnen. Dieser Algorithmus ist auch besser geeignet, als nur die eingesetzte DNA-Menge in die WGA-Reaktion als Kriterium zu benützen. N2 - Plasma and serum samples were often the only biological material collected for earlier epidemiological studies. These studies have a huge informative content, especially due to their long follow-up and would be an invaluable treasure for genetic investigations. However, often no banked DNA is available. To use the small amounts of DNA present in plasma, in a first step, we applied magnetic bead technology to extract this DNA, followed by a whole-genome amplification (WGA) using phi29-polymerase. We assembled 88 sample pairs, each consisting of WGA plasma DNA and the corresponding whole-blood DNA. We genotyped nine highly polymorphic short tandem repeats (STRs) and 23 SNPs in both DNA sources. The average within-pair discordance was 3.8% for SNPs and 15.9% for STR genotypes, respectively. We developed an algorithm based on one-half of the sample pairs and validated on the other one-half to identify the samples with high WGA plasma DNA quality to assure low genotyping error and to exclude plasma DNA samples with insufficient quality: excluding samples showing homozygosity at five or more of the nine STR loci yielded exclusion of 22.7% of all samples and decreased average discordance for STR and SNP markers to 3.92% and 0.63%, respectively. For SNPs, this is very close to the error observed for genomic DNA in many laboratories. Our workflow and sample selection algorithm offers new opportunities to recover reliable DNA from stored plasma material. This algorithm is superior to testing the amount of input DNA. KW - Whole Genome Amplification KW - Multiple displacement amplification KW - Genotypisierung KW - Plasma DNA KW - Phi29 Polymerase KW - Qualitätskontrolle KW - whole genome amplification KW - plasma KW - DNA purification KW - quality control Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37136 ER -