TY - JOUR A1 - Scholz, Nicole A1 - Guan, Chonglin A1 - Nieberler, Matthias A1 - Grotmeyer, Alexander A1 - Maiellaro, Isabella A1 - Gao, Shiqiang A1 - Beck, Sebastian A1 - Pawlak, Matthias A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Asan, Esther A1 - Rothemund, Sven A1 - Winkler, Jana A1 - Prömel, Simone A1 - Nagel, Georg A1 - Langenhan, Tobias A1 - Kittel, Robert J T1 - Mechano-dependent signaling by Latrophilin/CIRL quenches cAMP in proprioceptive neurons JF - eLife N2 - Adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs), a large molecule family with over 30 members in humans, operate in organ development, brain function and govern immunological responses. Correspondingly, this receptor family is linked to a multitude of diverse human diseases. aGPCRs have been suggested to possess mechanosensory properties, though their mechanism of action is fully unknown. Here we show that the Drosophila aGPCR Latrophilin/dCIRL acts in mechanosensory neurons by modulating ionotropic receptor currents, the initiating step of cellular mechanosensation. This process depends on the length of the extended ectodomain and the tethered agonist of the receptor, but not on its autoproteolysis, a characteristic biochemical feature of the aGPCR family. Intracellularly, dCIRL quenches cAMP levels upon mechanical activation thereby specifically increasing the mechanosensitivity of neurons. These results provide direct evidence that the aGPCR dCIRL acts as a molecular sensor and signal transducer that detects and converts mechanical stimuli into a metabotropic response. KW - Latrophilin KW - adhesion GPCR KW - dCIRL KW - sensory physiology KW - metabotropic signalling KW - mechanotransduction Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170520 VL - 6 IS - e28360 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ebinger, Martin T1 - Histologie und Funktion der Kniegelenksinnervation der Maus T1 - Histology and Function of the Innervation of the Mouse Knee Joint N2 - Die Kniegelenksinnervation von 6 Mäusen wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Mediale Artikuläre Nerv (MAN) enthielt durchschnittlich 75 Nervenfasern, 63 unmyelinisierte und 12 myelinisierte (Durchmesser 1 bis 8 µm, Maximum zwischen 2 und 5 µm). Der Posteriore Artikuläre Nerv (PAN) bestand durchschnittlich aus 195 Nervenfasern, 129 unmyelinisierte und 66 myelinisierte (Durchmesser zwischen 1 und 12 µm, Maximum bei 4 bis 5 µm). Diese Daten sprechen für eine weitgehende histologische Vergleichbarkeit der Kniegelenksinnervation bei Maus, Ratte und Katze. Lediglich die Anzahl der Nervenfasern ist bei der im Verhältnis kleineren Maus geringer. Spinalganglienzellen von 10 Mäusen wurden mittels hypoosmolarer Lösung gedehnt. Schwankungen der intrazellulären Kalzium-Konzentrationen und elektrophysiologische Veränderungen wurden dabei registriert (Calcium-Imaging und Patch-Clamp). Die primär sensorischen Neuronen, die nicht an der Kniegelenksinnervation beteiligt waren, konnten in schnell, langsam und nicht reagierende Subpopulationen unterteilt werden. Die Beobachtungen an den retrograd markierten Kniegelnksafferenzen erlaubten eine solche Differenzierung nicht. Die Reizung mit Capsaicin zeigte, dass es sich bei den mechanosensitiven Kniegelenksafferenzen selten um polymodale Nozizeptoren handelte. N2 - The innervation of the knee joint of 6 mice was studied with an electronic microscope. The medial articular nerve (MAN) contained an average of 75 nervefibres, 63 unmyelinated and 12 myelinated(diameter of 1 to 8 µm, peak at 2 and 5 µm). The posterior articular nerve (PAN) contained an average of 195 nervefibres, 129 unmyelinated und 66 myelinated (diameter of 1 to 12, peak at 4 to 5 µm). These data hint to a similarity of the knee joint innervation of cat, rat and mouse. Only the number of the nervefibres seems to differ according to the specie's size. The Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) of ten mice were stretched by exposure to a hypoosmotic solution. Changes in the concentrations of intracellular calcium and in electrophysiological properties were registred (calcium-imaging and patch-clamp). The primary sensory neurons, that did not take part in the knee joint innervation, could be divided in fast, slow and not responding groups. This differentiation was not feasible for the retrogradely labeled neurons innervating the knee joint. Stimulation with Capsaicin showed, that mechanosensitive primary sensory neurons of the knee joint were rarely polymodal nociceptors. KW - Maus KW - Knie KW - Innervation KW - Mechanotransduktion KW - calcium-imaging KW - Mouse KW - knee KW - innervation KW - mechanotransduction KW - calcium-imaging Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3745 ER -