TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Yi-chun
A1  - Gerber, Bertram
T1  - Generalization and discrimination tasks yield concordant measures of perceived distance between odours and their binary mixtures in larval Drosophila
JF  - The Journal of Experimental Biology
N2  - Similarity between odours is notoriously difficult to measure. Widely used behavioural approaches in insect olfaction research are cross-adaptation, masking, as well as associative tasks based on olfactory learning and the subsequent testing for how specific the established memory is. A concern with such memory-based approaches is that the learning process required to establish an odour memory may alter the way the odour is processed, such that measures of perception taken at the test are distorted. The present study was therefore designed to see whether behavioural judgements of perceptual distance are different for two different memory-based tasks, namely generalization and discrimination. We used odour-reward learning in larval Drosophila as a study case. In order to challenge the larvae's olfactory system, we chose to work with binary mixtures and their elements (1-octanol, n-amyl acetate, 3-octanol, benzaldehyde and hexyl acetate). We determined the perceptual distance between each mixture and its elements, first in a generalization task, and then in a discrimination task. It turns out that scores of perceptual distance are correlated between both tasks. A re-analysis of published studies looking at element-to-element perceptual distances in larval reward learning and in adult punishment learning confirms this result. We therefore suggest that across a given set of olfactory stimuli, associative training does not grossly alter the pattern of perceptual distances.
KW  - discrimination
KW  - drosophila melanogaster
KW  - generalization
KW  - memory
KW  - olfaction
KW  - perception
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121625
VL  - 217
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kiechle, Jürgen
T1  - AIDS - AD ACTA?
T1  - AIDS - AD ACTA? - A critical analysis from a social-ethical and social-psychological perspective
N2  - Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine kritische Analyse zum bisherigen AIDS-Diskurs dar und soll aus sozialethischer und sozialpsychologischer Perspektive einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Präventivethik leisten. Die Untersuchung versteht sich damit als eine über die bisherigen AIDS-Aufklärungskampgagen hinausgehende Ergänzung; es geht um eine Politik der Anerkennung, Gleichstellung und Entkriminalisierung von Betroffenen. In der vorliegenden Analyse geht es um die Haltung der Öffentlichkeit zu AIDS, d.h. um den Einfluss diverser Institutionen auf die Vorstellungen, Einstellungen (Wertkonzepte und Deutungen), welche die Wahrnehmung und Beurteilung von HIV und AIDS beeinflussen, bzw. steuern. Deren Wirkmächtigkeit auf die Betroffenen steht im Zentrum der Analyse. In diese Perspektive ist eine kritische Selbstreflexion religiöser Motivation eingeschlossen, AIDS zu thematisieren. Im ersten Hauptteil (Kap. 2.) wird, mittels einer Erhebung der BZgA (Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung) aus dem Jahre 2000, die empirische Basis gelegt. Der zweite Hauptteil (Kap. 3.) der Arbeit enthält die ethische Reflexion der HIV/AIDS-Problematik. Im letzten Abschnitt (Kap. 4.) sind wesentliche Ergebnisse der Untersuchung festgehalten und Schlussfolgerungen formuliert.
N2  - This study is a critical analysis of the preceding AIDS-discussion and is to make an essential contribution to the ethics of prevention, from a social-ethical and social-psychological perspective. The study intends to be an addition to the former AIDS-education-campaigns, it deals with a policy to make those affected accepted, equal and legal. This analysis is about the attitude of the public towards AIDS, i.e. about the influence of various institutions on the ideas, attitudes (values an interpretations), which influence and guide the perceptions and opinions. This influence on those affected is the focus of this analysis. This perspective includes a critical self-reflection of religious motives to make AIDS a topic. In the first part (chapter 2) the empirical basis is established, according to be a survey of the BZgA (Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung) in 2000. The second part (chapter 3) of the study contains the ethical reflection of the problem HIV/AIDS. The last part (chapter 4) is about the essential results and conclusions of the study.
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Sozialethik
KW  - Diskriminierung
KW  - Theologie
KW  - Sozialethik
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Theologie
KW  - Diskriminierung
KW  - social-ethics
KW  - AIDS
KW  - theology
KW  - discrimination
Y1  - 2002
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4500
ER  -