TY - JOUR A1 - Tutov, Anna A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Mühlig, Saskia A1 - Zimmermann, Thomas A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Koshino, Kazuhiro A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Decker, Michael A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Rationalizing the binding modes of PET radiotracers targeting the norepinephrine transporter JF - Pharmaceutics N2 - Purpose: A new PET radiotracer \(^{18}\)F-AF78 showing great potential for clinical application has been reported recently. It belongs to a new generation of phenethylguanidine-based norepinephrine transporter (NET)-targeting radiotracers. Although many efforts have been made to develop NET inhibitors as antidepressants, systemic investigations of the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of NET-targeting radiotracers have rarely been performed. Methods: Without changing the phenethylguanidine pharmacophore and 3-fluoropropyl moiety that is crucial for easy labeling, six new analogs of \(^{18}\)F-AF78 with different meta-substituents on the benzene-ring were synthesized and evaluated in a competitive cellular uptake assay and in in vivo animal experiments in rats. Computational modeling of these tracers was established to quantitatively rationalize the interaction between the radiotracers and NET. Results: Using non-radiolabeled reference compounds, a competitive cellular uptake assay showed a decrease in NET-transporting affinity from meta-fluorine to iodine (0.42 and 6.51 µM, respectively), with meta-OH being the least active (22.67 µM). Furthermore, in vivo animal studies with radioisotopes showed that heart-to-blood ratios agreed with the cellular experiments, with AF78(F) exhibiting the highest cardiac uptake. This result correlates positively with the electronegativity rather than the atomic radius of the meta-substituent. Computational modeling studies revealed a crucial influence of halogen substituents on the radiotracer–NET interaction, whereby a T-shaped π–π stacking interaction between the benzene-ring of the tracer and the amino acid residues surrounding the NET binding site made major contributions to the different affinities, in accordance with the pharmacological data. Conclusion: The SARs were characterized by in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and computational modeling quantitatively rationalized the interaction between radiotracers and the NET binding site. These findings pave the way for further evaluation in different species and underline the potential of AF78(F) for clinical application, e.g., cardiac innervation imaging or molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors. KW - positron emission tomography KW - norepinephrine transporter KW - sympathetic nervous system KW - structure–activity relationships KW - T-shaped π–π stacking Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303949 SN - 1999-4923 VL - 15 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Toyama, Yoshitaka A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Ruiz-Bedoya, Camilo A. A1 - Ordonez, Alvaro A. A1 - Takase, Kei A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Jain, Sanjay K. A1 - Pomper, Martin G. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Current and future perspectives on functional molecular imaging in nephro-urology: theranostics on the horizon JF - Theranostics N2 - In recent years, a paradigm shift from single-photon-emitting radionuclide radiotracers toward positron-emission tomography (PET) radiotracers has occurred in nuclear oncology. Although PET-based molecular imaging of the kidneys is still in its infancy, such a trend has emerged in the field of functional renal radionuclide imaging. Potentially allowing for precise and thorough evaluation of renal radiotracer urodynamics, PET radionuclide imaging has numerous advantages including precise anatomical co-registration with CT images and dynamic three-dimensional imaging capability. In addition, relative to scintigraphic approaches, PET can allow for significantly reduced scan time enabling high-throughput in a busy PET practice and further reduces radiation exposure, which may have a clinical impact in pediatric populations. In recent years, multiple renal PET radiotracers labeled with C-11, Ga-68, and F-18 have been utilized in clinical studies. Beyond providing a precise non-invasive read-out of renal function, such radiotracers may also be used to assess renal inflammation. This manuscript will provide an overview of renal molecular PET imaging and will highlight the transformation of conventional scintigraphy of the kidneys toward novel, high-resolution PET imaging for assessing renal function. In addition, future applications will be introduced, e.g. by transferring the concept of molecular image-guided diagnostics and therapy (theranostics) to the field of nephrology. KW - glomerular filtration rate KW - renal KW - kidney KW - renal function KW - positron emission tomography KW - nephrology KW - urology KW - molecular imaging KW - theranostics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260090 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp-Abbrederis, Kathrin A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Schottelius, Margret A1 - Eiber, Matthias A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Pietschmann, Elke A1 - Habringer, Stefan A1 - Gerngroß, Carlos A1 - Franke, Katharina A1 - Rudelius, Martina A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Schwamborn, Kristina A1 - Steidle, Sabine A1 - Hartmann, Elena A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Kropf, Saskia A1 - Beer, Ambros J A1 - Peschel, Christian A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Buck, Andreas K A1 - Schwaiger, Markus A1 - Götze, Katharina A1 - Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Keller, Ulrich T1 - In vivo molecular imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in patients with advanced multiple myeloma JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - CXCR4 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that mediates recruitment of blood cells toward its ligand SDF-1. In cancer, high CXCR4 expression is frequently associated with tumor dissemination andpoor prognosis. We evaluated the novel CXCR4 probe [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor for invivo mapping of CXCR4 expression density in mice xenografted with human CXCR4-positive MM cell lines and patients with advanced MM by means of positron emission tomography (PET). [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET provided images with excellent specificity and contrast. In 10 of 14 patients with advanced MM [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT scans revealed MM manifestations, whereas only nine of 14 standard [\(^{18}\)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans were rated visually positive. Assessment of blood counts and standard CD34\(^{+}\) flow cytometry did not reveal significant blood count changes associated with tracer application. Based on these highly encouraging data on clinical PET imaging of CXCR4 expression in a cohort of MM patients, we conclude that [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET opens a broad field for clinical investigations on CXCR4 expression and for CXCR4-directed therapeutic approaches in MM and other diseases. KW - FDG PET/CT KW - cells KW - CXCR4/SDF-1 KW - CXCR4 KW - multiple myeloma KW - positron emission tomography KW - chemokine receptor KW - in vivo imaging KW - malignancies KW - involvement KW - microenvironment KW - survival KW - cancer KW - autologous transplantation KW - bone disease Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148738 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lückerath, Katharina A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Albert, Christa A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Jörg, Gerhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel A1 - Einsele, Herrmann A1 - Knop, Stefan A1 - Buck, Andreas K. T1 - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET: a novel and sensitive tool for monitoring of early response to treatment in multiple myeloma JF - Oncotarget N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. However, new treatment modalities and novel drugs have been introduced and thus additional tools for therapy monitoring are increasingly needed. Therefore, we evaluated the radiotracers \(^{11}\)C-Methionine (paraprotein-biosynthesis) and \(^{18}\)F-FDG (glucose-utilization) for monitoring response to anti-myeloma-therapy and outcome prediction. Influence of proteasome-inhibition on radiotracer-uptake of different MM cell-lines and patient-derived CD138\(^{+}\) plasma cells was analyzed and related to tumor-biology. Mice xenotransplanted with MM. 1S tumors underwent MET- and FDG-\(\mu\)PET. Tumor-to-background ratios before and after 24 h, 8 and 15 days treatment with bortezomib were correlated to survival. Treatment reduced both MET and FDG uptake; changes in tracer-retention correlated with a switch from high to low CD138-expression. In xenotransplanted mice, MET-uptake significantly decreased by 30-79% as early as 24 h after bortezomib injection. No significant differences were detected thus early with FDG. This finding was confirmed in patient-derived MM cells. Importantly, early reduction of MET-but not FDG-uptake correlated with improved survival and reduced tumor burden in mice. Our results suggest that MET is superior to FDG in very early assessment of response to anti-myeloma-therapy. Early changes in MET-uptake have predictive potential regarding response and survival. MET-PET holds promise to individualize therapies in MM in future. KW - positron emission tomography KW - imaging techniques KW - experience KW - \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET KW - treatment response KW - molecular imaging KW - multiple myeloma KW - management KW - \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT KW - bone disease KW - stem-cell transplantation KW - esophagogastric junction Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148688 VL - 6 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Moving into the Next Era of PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - Introduction of Novel \(^{18}\)F-labeled Tracers JF - The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging N2 - The heart failure (HF) epidemic continues to rise with coronary artery disease (CAD) as one of its main causes. Novel concepts for risk stratification to guide the referring cardiologist towards revascularization procedures are of significant value. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agents has demonstrated high accuracy for the detection of clinically relevant stenoses. With positron emission tomography (PET) becoming more widely available, mainly due to its diagnostic performance in oncology, perfusion imaging with that modality is more practical than in the past and overcomes existing limitations of SPECT MPI. Advantages of PET include more reliable quantification of absolute myocardial blood flow, the routine use of computed tomography for attenuation correction, a higher spatiotemporal resolution and a higher count sensitivity. Current PET radiotracers such as rubidium-82 (half-life, 76 sec), oxygen-15 water (2 min) or nitrogen-13 ammonia (10 min) are labeled with radionuclides with very short half-lives, necessitating that stress imaging is performed under pharmacological vasodilator stress instead of exercise testing. However, with the introduction of novel 18F-labeled MPI PET radiotracers (half-life, 110 min), the intrinsic advantages of PET can be combined with exercise testing. Additional advantages of those radiotracers include, but are not limited to: potentially improved cost-effectiveness due to the use of pre-existing delivery systems and superior imaging qualities, mainly due to the shortest positron range among available PET MPI probes. In the present review, widely used PET MPI radiotracers will be reviewed and potential novel 18F-labeled perfusion radiotracers will be discussed. KW - heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction KW - Positronenemissionstomografie KW - coronary artery disease KW - precision medicine KW - positron emission tomography KW - PET KW - SPECT KW - myocardial perfusion imaging KW - MPI KW - 18F-flurpiridaz KW - 18FFBnTP KW - HFmrEF Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169134 SN - 1569-5794 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Zsótér, Norbert A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Kreissl, Michael C. A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - Volumetric and Texture Analysis of Pretherapeutic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET can Predict Overall Survival in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Vandetanib JF - Endocrine N2 - Purpose: The metabolically most active lesion in 2-deoxy-2-(\(^{18}\)F)fluoro-D-glucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG) PET/CT can predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) starting treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vandetanib. However, this metric failed in overall survival (OS) prediction. In the present proof of concept study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of intratumoral textural features (TF) as well as volumetric parameters (total lesion glycolysis, TLG) derived by pre-therapeutic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET. Methods: Eighteen patients with progressive MTC underwent baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT prior to and 3 months after vandetanib initiation. By manual segmentation of the tumor burden at baseline and follow-up PET, intratumoral TF and TLG were computed. The ability of TLG, imaging-based TF, and clinical parameters (including age, tumor marker doubling times, prior therapies and RET (rearranged during transfection) mutational status) for prediction of both PFS and OS were evaluated. Results: The TF Complexity and the volumetric parameter TLG obtained at baseline prior to TKI initiation successfully differentiated between low- and high-risk patients. Complexity allocated 10/18 patients to the high-risk group with an OS of 3.3y (vs. low-risk group, OS=5.3y, 8/18, AUC=0.78, P=0.03). Baseline TLG designated 11/18 patients to the high-risk group (OS=3.5y vs. low-risk group, OS=5y, 7/18, AUC=0.83, P=0.005). The Hazard Ratio for cancer-related death was 6.1 for Complexity (TLG, 9.5). Among investigated clinical parameters, the age at initiation of TKI treatment reached significance for PFS prediction (P=0.02, OS, n.s.). Conclusions: The TF Complexity and the volumetric parameter TLG are both independent parameters for OS prediction. KW - personalized medicine KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - medullary thyroid carcinoma KW - tyrosine kinase inhibitor KW - TKI KW - vandetanib KW - 18F-FDG KW - positron emission tomography KW - 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose KW - PET Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167910 SN - 1355-008X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Bundschuh, Lena A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Sheikhbahaei, Sara A1 - Pienta, Kenneth J. A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Pomper, Martin G. A1 - Gorin, Michael A. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Rowe, Steven P. T1 - MI-RADS: Molecular Imaging Reporting and Data Systems – A Generalizable Framework for Targeted Radiotracers with Theranostic Implications JF - Annals of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Both prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)- and somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for staging and restaging of prostate carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumors, respectively, are seeing rapidly expanding use. In addition to diagnostic applications, both classes of radiotracers can be used to triage patients for theranostic endoradiotherapy. While interpreting PSMA- or SSTR-targeted PET/computed tomography (CT) scans, the reader has to be aware of certain pitfalls. Adding to the complexity of the interpretation of those imaging agents, both normal biodistribution, and also false-positive and -negative findings differ between PSMA- and SSTR-targeted PET radiotracers. Herein summarized under the umbrella term molecular imaging reporting and data systems (MI-RADS), two novel RADS classifications for PSMA- and SSTR-targeted PET imaging are described (PSMA- and SSTR-RADS). Both framework systems may contribute to increase the level of a reader’s confidence and to navigate the imaging interpreter through indeterminate lesions, so that appropriate workup for equivocal findings can be pursued. Notably, PSMA- and SSTR-RADS are structured in a reciprocal fashion, i.e. if the reader is familiar with one system, the other system can readily be applied as well. In the present review we will discuss the most common pitfalls on PSMA- and SSTR-targeted PET/CT, briefly introduce PSMA- and SSTR-RADS, and define a future role of the umbrella framework MI-RADS compared to other harmonization systems. KW - PET KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - prostate cancer KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) KW - somatostatin receptor (SSTR) KW - positron emission tomography KW - theranostics KW - standardization KW - RADS KW - reporting and data systems KW - personalized medicine Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166995 SN - 0914-7187 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Nose, Naoko A1 - Hirano, Mitsuru A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Robinson, Simon A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Subcellular storage and release mode of the novel \(^{18}\)F-labeled sympathetic nerve PET tracer LMI1195 JF - EJNMMI Research N2 - Background: \(^{18}\)F-N-[3-bromo-4-(3-fluoro-propoxy)-benzyl]-guanidine (\(^{18}\)F-LMI1195) is a new class of PET tracer designed for sympathetic nervous imaging of the heart. The favorable image quality with high and specific neural uptake has been previously demonstrated in animals and humans, but intracellular behavior is not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study is to verify whether it is taken up in storage vesicles and released in company with vesicle turnover. Results: Both vesicle-rich (PC12) and vesicle-poor (SK-N-SH) norepinephrine-expressing cell lines were used for in vitro tracer uptake studies. After 2 h of \(^{18}\)F-LMI1195 preloading into both cell lines, effects of stimulants for storage vesicle turnover (high concentration KCl (100 mM) or reserpine treatment) were measured at 10, 20, and 30 min. \(^{131}\)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (\(^{131}\)I-MIBG) served as a reference. Both high concentration KCl and reserpine enhanced \(^{18}\)F-LMI1195 washout from PC12 cells, while tracer retention remained stable in the SK-N-SH cells. After 30 min of treatment, 18F-LMI1195 releasing index (percentage of tracer released from cells) from vesicle-rich PC12 cells achieved significant differences compared to cells without treatment condition. In contrast, such effect could not be observed using vesicle-poor SK-N-SH cell lines. Similar tracer kinetics after KCl or reserpine treatment were also observed using 131I-MIBG. In case of KCl exposure, Ca\(^{2+}\)-free buffer with the calcium chelator, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), could suppress the tracer washout from PC12 cells. This finding is consistent with the tracer release being mediated by Ca\(^{2+}\) influx resulting from membrane depolarization. Conclusions: Analogous to \(^{131}\)I-MIBG, the current in vitro tracer uptake study confirmed that \(^{131}\)F-LMI1195 is also stored in vesicles in PC12 cells and released along with vesicle turnover. Understanding the basic kinetics of \(^{18}\)FLMI1195 at a subcellular level is important for the design of clinical imaging protocols and imaging interpretation. KW - phaeochromocytoma KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - heart failure KW - sympathetic nervous system KW - storage vesicle turnover KW - positron emission tomography KW - 18F-LMI1195 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167081 SN - 2191-219X VL - 8 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Wakabayashi, Hiroshi A1 - Bauer, Jochen A1 - Schütz, Claudia A1 - Zechmeister, Christina A1 - Hayakawa, Nobuyuki A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Jahns, Roland A1 - Ergün, Süleyman A1 - Jahns, Valerie A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - Longitudinal \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging in a Rat Model of Autoimmune Myocarditis JF - European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging N2 - Aims: Although mortality rate is very high, diagnosis of acute myocarditis remains challenging with conventional tests. We aimed to elucidate the potential role of longitudinal 2-Deoxy-2-\(^{18}\)F-fluoro-D-glucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) inflammation monitoring in a rat model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Methods and results: Autoimmune myocarditis was induced in Lewis rats by immunizing with porcine cardiac myosin emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Time course of disease was assessed by longitudinal \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging. A correlative analysis between in- and ex vivo \(^{18}\)F-FDG signalling and macrophage infiltration using CD68 staining was conducted. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis of the cell-adhesion markers CD34 and CD44 was performed at different disease stages determined by longitudinal \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging. After immunization, myocarditis rats revealed a temporal increase in 18F-FDG uptake (peaked at week 3), which was followed by a rapid decline thereafter. Localization of CD68 positive cells was well correlated with in vivo \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET signalling (R\(^2\) = 0.92) as well as with ex vivo 18F-FDG autoradiography (R\(^2\) = 0.9, P < 0.001, respectively). CD44 positivity was primarily observed at tissue samples obtained at acute phase (i.e. at peak 18F-FDG uptake), while CD34-positive staining areas were predominantly identified in samples harvested at both sub-acute and chronic phases (i.e. at \(^{18}\)F-FDG decrease). Conclusion: \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET imaging can provide non-invasive serial monitoring of cardiac inflammation in a rat model of acute myocarditis. KW - positron emission tomography KW - Myokarditis KW - myocarditis KW - inflammation KW - 18F-FDG KW - PET KW - personalized treatment Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165601 SN - 2047-2404 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Hirano, Mitsuru A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro T1 - SPECT vs. PET in Cardiac Innervation Imaging: Clash of the Titans JF - Clinical and Translational Imaging N2 - Purpose: We aim to provide an overview of the conventional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and emerging positron emission tomography (PET) catecholamine analogue tracers for assessing myocardial nerve integrity, in particular focusing on \(^{18}\)F-labeled tracers. Results: Increasingly, the cardiac sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is being studied by non-invasive molecular imaging approaches. Forming the backbone of myocardial SNS imaging, the norepinephrine (NE) transporter at the sympathetic nerve terminal plays a crucial role for visualizing denervated myocardium: in particular, the single-photon-emitting NE analogue \(^{123}\)I-meta-Iodobenzylguanidine (\(^{123}\)I-mIBG) has demonstrated favorable results in the identification of patients at a high risk for cardiac death. However, cardiac neuronal PET agents offer several advantages inlcuding improved spatio-temporal resolution and intrinsic quantifiability. Compared to their \(^{11}\)C-labeled counterparts with a short half-life (20.4 min), novel \(^{18}\)F-labeled PET imaging agents to assess myocardial nerve integrity have the potential to revolutionize the field of SNS molecular imaging: The longer half-life of \(^{18}\)F (109.8 min) allows for more flexibility in the study design and delivery from central cyclotron facilities to smaller hospitals may lead to further cost reduction. A great deal of progress has been made by the first in-human studies of such \(^{18}\)F-labeled SNS imaging agents. Moreover, dedicated animal platforms open avenues for further insights into the handling of radiolabeled catecholamine analogues at the sympathetic nerve terminal. Conclusions: \(^{18}\)F-labeled imaging agents demonstrate key properties for mapping cardiac sympathetic nerve integrity and might outperform current SPECT-based or \(^{11}\)C-labeled tracers in the long run. KW - single photon emission computed tomography: sympathetic nerve KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - 18F-LMI1195 KW - 11C-hydroxyephedrine KW - 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine KW - positron emission tomography Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163628 SN - 2281-5872 ER -