TY - THES A1 - Flegler, Katharina T1 - Untersuchung der Expression von Knochensialoprotein (BSP) an Gewebe von Knochenmetastasen mittels Immunhistologie : Vergleich eines Antikörpers gegen nicht-glykosyliertes BSP mit einem Antikörper gegen glykosyliertes BSP T1 - Expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP) in bone metastases : antibodies against normal BSP compared to antibodies against BSP which bind epitopes that are incomplete in their posttranslational glycosylation N2 - Knochensialoprotein (BSP) ist ein Protein der extrazellulären Matrix im Knochen und mineralisierten Geweben, wird aber auch von verschiedenen Tumorzellen exprimiert (Bellahcene et al., 1994, 1997, 1998). Dies ist assoziiert mit einer schlechten Prognose und einem erhöhten Risiko für eine spätere Entwicklung von Knochenmetastasen. Diel et al. (1999) konnte zeigen, dass ein erhöhter Serum-BSP-Wert bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom zu einem gehäuften Auftreten von Knochenmetastasen im Laufe der Erkrankung führt. BSP scheint ein Marker für die Entstehung von Knochenmetastasen zu sein. In der Literatur ist ein Antikörper beschrieben, der ein Epitop des BSP erkennt, welches im BSP aus Tumorzellen nicht glykosyliert ist, im BSP aus mineralisiertem Gewebe allerdings schon (Armbruster et al., 2009). Im Tiermodell konnte gezeigt werden, dass Knochenmetastasen verhindert werden können bei gleichzeitiger Gabe von Tumorzellen und Antikörpern gegen BSP beziehungsweise, dass bei vorhandenen Knochenmetastasen eine Behandlung der Tiere mit einem Anti-BSP-Antikörper die Metastasen zurückbildet (Bäuerle et al., 2005, 2006). In der aktuellen Arbeit wird die Expression von BSP an menschlichem Gewebe von Knochenmetastasen mit unterschiedlichen Primärtumoren mittels Immunhistochemie untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 35 Fälle von Knochenmetastasen mit Primärtumor eines Mammakarzinoms untersucht, wobei 22,9% eine BSP Expression aufweisen, davon 5,7% eine starke. Knochenmetastasen mit dem Primärtumor Prostatakarzinom sind mit 8 Fällen repräsentiert, wobei 75% positiv für BSP sind, davon 25% stark positiv. Die einzelnen Fälle zeigen eine starke BSP Expression im Stroma und eine schwache BSP Expression der Tumorzellen. Diese Ergebnisse des Antikörpers gegen normal glykosyliertes BSP wurden verglichen mit dem Antikörper gegen nicht glykosyliertes BSP. Der Nachweis von BSP in Tumorzellen zeigt dasselbe Ergebnis, BSP im Stroma wird durch den Antikörper gegen nicht- glykosyliertes BSP intensiver dargestellt. Daraus lässt sich folgern, dass der Antikörper gegen nicht- glykosyliertes BSP nicht spezifisch für die Isoform des BSP aus Tumorzellen ist, sondern gleichermaßen in der Routinediagnostik von BSP eingesetzt werden kann. Die Untersuchung könnte sogar darauf hinweisen, dass dieser Antikörper die nicht- glykosylierte Isoform im Stroma erkennt und damit bei Untersuchung des Stromas die bessere Alternative darstellt. N2 - Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a bone matrix protein that is also expressed by breast cancer and prostate cancer cells (Bellahcene et al., 1994, 1997, 1998). The BSP expression in primary breast and prostate carcinomas is associated with a poor prognosis and an increased risk to develop bone metastases. Serum BSP was found to be a prognostic marker for the development of bone metastases (Diel et al. 1999). There are antibodies that specifically bind epitopes present in BSP produced in tumor cells, wherein the posttranslational glycosylation of BSP is incomplete in comparison with the posttranslational glycosylation of BSP produced in normal bone cells (Armbruster et al., 2009). In nude rats, incubation of breast cancer cells and anti-BSP antibodies prior to inoculation reduced the osteolytic lesion size. The treatment of bone metastases with an anti-BSP antibody resulted in a significantly smaller lesion size (Bäuerle et al., 2005, 2006). In the present study, 84 patient cases with bone metastases of different primary tumours were investigated by immunohistochemistry in order to assess the level of BSP and to compare two different anti-BSP antibodies. There are 35 cases of breast cancer bone metastases and 8 cases of prostate cancer bone metastases. BSP expression was found in 22, 9 % of all breast cancer bone metastases and 75% of all prostate cancer bone metastases. In nearly all cases a strong staining for BSP was found in stroma, a weak staining for BSP was observed in tumour cells. We compared antibodies against normal BSP with anti-BSP antibodies that bind epitopes that are incomplete in their posttranslational glycosylation. The expression of BSP in tumour cells was exactly the same, the expression of BSP in tumour stroma was different. A stronger staining was found with the antibodies that bind epitopes that are incomplete in their posttranslational glycosylation. In conclusion, these antibodies do not only stain for BSP produced by tumour cells. Both antibodies can be used for the detection of BSP. KW - Knochensialoprotein KW - Knochenmetastase KW - Mammakarzinom KW - bone sialoprotein KW - bone metastases KW - breast cancer Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71642 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haddad, Dana A1 - Chen, Chun-Hao A1 - Carlin, Sean A1 - Silberhumer, Gerd A1 - Chen, Nanhai G. A1 - Zhang, Qian A1 - Longo, Valerie A1 - Carpenter, Susanne G. A1 - Mittra, Arjun A1 - Carson, Joshua A1 - Au, Joyce A1 - Gonen, Mithat A1 - Zanzonico, Pat B. A1 - Szalay, Aladar A. A1 - Fong, Yuman T1 - Imaging Characteristics, Tissue Distribution, and Spread of a Novel Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter JF - PLoS One N2 - Introduction: Oncolytic viruses show promise for treating cancer. However, to assess therapy and potential toxicity, a noninvasive imaging modality is needed. This study aims to determine the in vivo biodistribution, and imaging and timing characteristics of a vaccinia virus, GLV-1h153, encoding the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS. Methods: GLV-1h153 was modified from GLV-1h68 to encode the hNIS gene. Timing of cellular uptake of radioiodide \(^{131}\)I in human pancreatic carcinoma cells PANC-1 was assessed using radiouptake assays. Viral biodistribution was determined in nude mice bearing PANC-1 xenografts, and infection in tumors confirmed histologically and optically via Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and bioluminescence. Timing characteristics of enhanced radiouptake in xenografts were assessed via \(^{124}\)I-positron emission tomography (PET). Detection of systemic administration of virus was investigated with both \(^{124}\)I-PET and 99m-technecium gamma-scintigraphy. Results: GLV-1h153 successfully facilitated time-dependent intracellular uptake of \(^{131}\)I in PANC-1 cells with a maximum uptake at 24 hours postinfection (P < 0.05). In vivo, biodistribution profiles revealed persistence of virus in tumors 5 weeks postinjection at 10\(^9\) plaque-forming unit (PFU)/gm tissue, with the virus mainly cleared from all other major organs. Tumor infection by GLV-1h153 was confirmed via optical imaging and histology. GLV-1h153 facilitated imaging virus replication in tumors via PET even at 8 hours post radiotracer injection, with a mean % ID/gm of 3.82 \(\pm\) 60.46 (P < 0.05) 2 days after intratumoral administration of virus, confirmed via tissue radiouptake assays. One week post systemic administration, GLV1h153-infected tumors were detected via \(^{124}\)I-PET and 99m-technecium-scintigraphy. Conclusion: GLV-1h153 is a promising oncolytic agent against pancreatic cancer with a promising biosafety profile. GLV-1h153 facilitated time-dependent hNIS-specific radiouptake in pancreatic cancer cells, facilitating detection by PET with both intratumoral and systemic administration. Therefore, GLV-1h153 is a promising candidate for the noninvasive imaging of virotherapy and warrants further study into longterm monitoring of virotherapy and potential radiocombination therapies with this treatment and imaging modality. KW - nude mice KW - pancreatic cancer KW - engineered measles-virus KW - positron-emission-tomography KW - malignant pleural mesothelioma KW - reporter gene KW - replicating adenovirus KW - NA/I symporter KW - breast cancer KW - viral therapy Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130041 VL - 7 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinmann, Diana A1 - Paelecke-Habermann, Yvonne A1 - Geinitz, Hans A1 - Aschoff, Raimund A1 - Bayerl, Anja A1 - Bölling, Tobias A1 - Bosch, Elisabeth A1 - Bruns, Frank A1 - Eichenseder-Seiss, Ute A1 - Gerstein, Johanna A1 - Gharbi, Nadine A1 - Hagg, Juliane A1 - Hipp, Matthias A1 - Kleff, Irmgard A1 - Müller, Axel A1 - Schäfer, Christof A1 - Schleicher, Ursula A1 - Sehlen, Susanne A1 - Theodorou, Marilena A1 - Wypior, Hans-Joachim A1 - Zehentmayr, Franz A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt A1 - Vordermark, Dirk T1 - Prospective evaluation of quality of life effects in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Recently published results of quality of life (QoL) studies indicated different outcomes of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. This prospective multi-center QoL study of patients with brain metastases was designed to investigate which QoL domains improve or worsen after palliative radiotherapy and which might provide prognostic information. Methods: From 01/2007-01/2009, n=151 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at 14 centers in Germany and Austria. Most patients (82 %) received whole-brain radiotherapy. QoL was measured with the EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL and brain module BN20 before the start of radiotherapy and after 3 months. Results: At 3 months, 88/142 (62 %) survived. Nine patients were not able to be followed up. 62 patients (70.5 % of 3-month survivors) completed the second set of questionnaires. Three months after the start of radiotherapy QoL deteriorated significantly in the areas of global QoL, physical function, fatigue, nausea, pain, appetite loss, hair loss, drowsiness, motor dysfunction, communication deficit and weakness of legs. Although the use of corticosteroid at 3 months could be reduced compared to pre-treatment (63 % vs. 37 %), the score for headaches remained stable. Initial QoL at the start of treatment was better in those alive than in those deceased at 3 months, significantly for physical function, motor dysfunction and the symptom scales fatigue, pain, appetite loss and weakness of legs. In a multivariate model, lower Karnofsky performance score, higher age and higher pain ratings before radiotherapy were prognostic of 3-month survival. Conclusions: Moderate deterioration in several QoL domains was predominantly observed three months after start of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. Future studies will need to address the individual subjective benefit or burden from such treatment. Baseline QoL scores before palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases may contain prognostic information. KW - breast cancer KW - brain tumours KW - survival KW - validation KW - symptoms KW - EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL KW - EORTC-BN20 KW - whole-brain radiotherapy KW - partitioning analysis RPA KW - cancer patients KW - lung cancer KW - prognostic index KW - radiation oncology KW - clinical trials Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135254 VL - 12 IS - 283 ER -