TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Schließer, Mira A1 - Evdokimov, Dimitar A1 - Radziwon, Jakub A1 - Feulner, Betty A1 - Unterecker, Stefan A1 - Rimmele, Florian A1 - Walter, Uwe T1 - Reduced midbrain raphe echogenicity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome JF - PloS One N2 - Objectives The pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is unclear. Transcranial ultrasonography revealed anechoic alteration of midbrain raphe in depression and anxiety disorders, suggesting affection of the central serotonergic system. Here, we assessed midbrain raphe echogenicity in FMS. Methods Sixty-six patients underwent transcranial sonography, of whom 53 were patients with FMS (27 women, 26 men), 13 patients with major depression and physical pain (all women), and 14 healthy controls (11 women, 3 men). Raphe echogenicity was graded visually as normal or hypoechogenic, and quantified by digitized image analysis, each by investigators blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Results Quantitative midbrain raphe echogenicity was lower in patients with FMS compared to healthy controls (p<0.05), but not different from that of patients with depression and accompanying physical pain. Pain and FMS symptom burden did not correlate with midbrain raphe echogenicity as well as the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion We found reduced echogenicity of the midbrain raphe area in patients with FMS and in patients with depression and physical pain, independent of the presence or severity of pain, FMS, and depressive symptoms. Further exploration of this sonographic finding is necessary before this objective technique may enter diagnostic algorithms in FMS and depression. KW - midbrain KW - fibromyalgia KW - depression KW - pain KW - ultrasound imaging KW - neuropathic pain KW - diagnostic medicine KW - migraine Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300639 VL - 17 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Kewenig, Susanne A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Sommer, Claudia T1 - Increased cortical activation upon painful stimulation in fibromyalgia syndrome JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and associated symptoms. We investigated cerebral activation in FMS patients by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Two stimulation paradigms were applied: a) painful pressure stimulation at the dorsal forearm; b) verbal fluency test (VFT). We prospectively recruited 25 FMS patients, ten patients with unipolar major depression (MD) without pain, and 35 healthy controls. All patients underwent neurological examination and all subjects were investigated with questionnaires (pain, depression, FMS, empathy). Results FMS patients had lower pressure pain thresholds than patients with MD and controls (p < 0.001) and reported higher pain intensity (p < 0.001). Upon unilateral pressure pain stimulation fNIRS recordings revealed increased bilateral cortical activation in FMS patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). FMS patients also displayed a stronger contralateral activity over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in direct comparison to patients with MD (p < 0.05). While all three groups performed equally well in the VFT, a frontal deficit in cortical activation was only found in patients with depression (p < 0.05). Performance and cortical activation correlated negatively in FMS patients (p < 0.05) and positively in patients with MD (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data give further evidence for altered central nervous processing in patients with FMS and the distinction between FMS and MD. KW - fibromyalgia syndrome KW - depression KW - cortical activation KW - pain KW - near-infrared spectroscopy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125230 VL - 15 IS - 210 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Kewenig, Susanne A1 - Kafke, Waldemar A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Sommer, Claudia T1 - Skin cytokine expression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome is not different from controls N2 - Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology. There is increasing evidence for small nerve fiber impairment in a subgroup of patients with FMS. We investigated whether skin cytokine and delta opioid receptor (DOR) gene expression in FMS patients differs from controls as one potential contributor to small nerve fiber sensitization. Methods We investigated skin punch biopsies of 25 FMS patients, ten patients with monopolar depression but no pain, and 35 healthy controls. Biopsies were obtained from the lateral upper thigh and lower calf. Gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and normalizing data to 18sRNA as housekeeping gene. Additionally, we assessed DOR gene expression. Results All cytokines and DOR were detectable in skin samples of FMS patients, patients with depression, and healthy controls without intergroup difference. Also, gene expression was not different in skin of the upper and lower leg within and between the groups and in FMS patient subgroups. Conclusions Skin cytokine and DOR gene expression does not differ between patients with FMS and controls. Our results do not support a role of the investigated cytokines in sensitization of peripheral nerve fibers as a potential mechanism of small fiber pathology in FMS. KW - Fibromyalgia syndrome KW - Skin biopsy KW - Monopolar depression KW - Cytokines KW - Opioid receptor Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110624 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ziegler, Georg Christoph T1 - Die SLC2A3-Genduplikation als Kandidatengenvariante der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/-Hyperaktivitätsstörung - molekularbiologische und neurale Korrelate T1 - The SL2A3 duplication as candidate gene variant for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - molecular biologic and neural correlates N2 - Diese Arbeit widmet sich der Untersuchung einer Kopienzahlvariante (CNV) im Erbgut, die zu einer genomischen Duplikation des SLC2A3-Gens führt. Die Auswirkungen der SLC2A3- Duplikation wurden im Zellkulturmodell und durch bildgebende Verfahren untersucht. Für die SLC2A3-Duplikation konnte eine populationsspezifische Assoziation mit ADHS gezeigt werden (Merker et al. 2017). SLC2A3 kodiert für den neuronalen Glukosetransporter GLUT3, der u.a. Prozesse der Neurotransmitterfreisetzung und Synaptogenese vermittelt und daher wichtig für die Hirnreifung ist. Mögliche Endpunkte für Endophänotypen, die auf einem alterierten Glukosemetabolismus basieren, sind dysfunktionale Hungerregulationsmechanismen ebenso wie eine veränderte neurale Reaktivität gegenüber emotionalen Stimuli und Belohnungsreizen. In zwei peripheren Zellmodellen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die SLC2A3-Duplikation Gen-Dosis-abhängig zu einer Steigerung der basalen SLC2A3-mRNA Expression führt. Ein Expressionsunterschied auf Proteinebene konnte jedoch nicht gefunden werden. Metabolischer Zellstress durch Aushungern der Zellkulturen und eine niedrige Glukosekonzentration im Zellkulturmedium führten zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung des schon unter basalen Bedingungen vorhandenen SLC2A3-Expressionsunterschiedes zwischen Duplikations- und Kontrollzelllinien. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die SLC2A3-Duplikation bei verminderter zellulärer Energiezufuhr zu einer Überkompensation der Glukoseaufnahme führt. In einer fMRT-Untersuchung wurden erwachsene ADHS-Patienten mit SLC2A3- Duplikation mit ADHS-Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen mit jeweils 2 Genkopien hinsichtlich ereigniskorrelierter neuraler Aktivität als Antwort auf emotionale Stimuli und Essensreize verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die SLC2A3-Duplikation zu einer veränderten Reaktivität gegenüber hochkalorischen Essensreizen führt, was sich in einem durch maschinelles Lernen identifizierten multivariaten neuralen Antwortmuster und einer relativen Unterschätzung des Kaloriengehaltes hochkalorischer Nahrung zeigt. Bei der univariaten Gesamthirn-Analyse der Bilddaten wurden keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede gefunden, was darauf hinweist, dass unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen keine fokal umschriebenen Gruppenunterschiede der Hirnaktivierung bestehen. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass die SLC2A3-Duplikation zu einer Erhöhung der SLC2A3- Genexpression mit bisher unbekannten Auswirkungen auf nachgeschaltete Stoffwechselwege und zu einem komplex veränderten neuralen Antwortmuster führt, das durch einen linearen Zusammenhang nicht zu beschreiben ist. Weitere Untersuchungen auf Zellebene und eine Erweiterung der bildgebenden Verfahren könnten zu einer besseren Einordnung der SLC2A3- Duplikation bezüglich ihres Anteils an der endophänotypischen Varianz der ADHS führen. N2 - This thesis is dedicated to the investigation of a genomic copy number variant (CNV) which leads to a duplication of the SLC2A3 gene. The effects of the SLC2A3 duplication were examined in cell culture models and by imaging genetics. The SLC2A3 duplication is associated with ADHD on a population level (Merker et al. 2017). SLC2A3 encodes the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3 which mediates processes of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis and therefore is crucial for brain development. Dysfunctional mechanisms of hunger regulation and an altered neural reactivity towards emotional and reward associated stimuli are possible endophenotypic end points based on an altered glucose metabolism. In two peripheral cell models the SLC2A3 duplication could be shown to lead to a significant increase in basal SLC2A3 mRNA expression levels. On protein level, however, the expression did not differ. Metabolic cell stress induced by cell starving and low glucose concentrations in cell culture media led to a significant increase of SLC2A3 expression differences between duplication and control cell lines. It was concluded that in states of decreased cellular energy supply the SLC2A3 duplication triggers an overcompensation of glucose uptake. Adult ADHD patients with SLC2A3 duplication were compared to ADHD patients and healthy controls each with 2 gene copies of SLC2A3 by means of fMRI regarding event related neural activity towards emotional stimuli and food cues. It could be shown, that the SLC2A3 duplication leads to an altered reactivity towards high caloric food cues which was indicated by a multivariate neural response pattern and relative underestimation of calories of high caloric food. The whole brain univariate standard analysis showed no significant group differences. Therefore, it was concluded that under the experimental conditions the SLC2A3 duplication does not induce alterations in focal brain activity. This work shows that the SLC2A3 duplication is associated with an increase in SLC2A3 gene expression with so far unknown consequences on downstream metabolic pathways. Furthermore the SLC2A3 duplication leads to a complex change in neural response that can not be described by a linear association. Further investigation on cellular level and extension of the imaging studies might elucidate the contribution of the SLC2A3 duplication to the endophenotypic variance in ADHD. KW - Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom KW - ADHS KW - Glucosestoffwechsel KW - Kopienzahlvariation KW - Duplikation KW - SLC2A3 KW - Kandidatengen KW - Duplikation KW - CNV Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154185 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Georg C. A1 - Radtke, Franziska A1 - Vitale, Maria Rosaria A1 - Preuße, André A1 - Klopocki, Eva A1 - Herms, Stefan A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - Generation of multiple human iPSC lines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two SLC2A3 deletion and two SLC2A3 duplication carriers JF - Stem Cell Research N2 - Copy number variants of SLC2A3, which encodes the glucose transporter GLUT3, are associated with several neuropsychiatric and cardiac diseases. Here, we report the successful reprogramming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two SLC2A3 duplication and two SLC2A3 deletion carriers and subsequent generation of two transgene-free iPSC clones per donor by Sendai viral transduction. All eight clones represent bona fide hiPSCs with high expression of pluripotency genes, ability to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers and normal karyotype. The generated cell lines will be helpful to enlighten the role of glucometabolic alterations in pathophysiological processes shared across organ boundaries. KW - congenital heart-deffects KW - transporter gene SLC2A3 KW - copy-number variation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264696 VL - 56 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Georg C. A1 - Ehlis, Ann-Christine A1 - Weber, Heike A1 - Vitale, Maria Rosaria A1 - Zöller, Johanna E. M. A1 - Ku, Hsing-Ping A1 - Schiele, Miriam A. A1 - Kürbitz, Laura I. A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Kalisch, Raffael A1 - Zwanzger, Peter A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - A Common CDH13 Variant is Associated with Low Agreeableness and Neural Responses to Working Memory Tasks in ADHD JF - Genes N2 - The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality traits were assessed by the NEO-PI-R questionnaire. Assuming that altered neural correlates of working memory and cognitive response inhibition show genotype-dependent alterations, task performance and electroencephalographic event-related potentials were measured by n-back and continuous performance (Go/NoGo) tasks. The rs2199430 genotype was not associated with adult ADHD on the categorical diagnosis level. However, rs2199430 was significantly associated with agreeableness, with minor G allele homozygotes scoring lower than A allele carriers. Whereas task performance was not affected by genotype, a significant heterosis effect limited to the ADHD group was identified for the n-back task. Heterozygotes (AG) exhibited significantly higher N200 amplitudes during both the 1-back and 2-back condition in the central electrode position Cz. Consequently, the common genetic variation of CDH13 is associated with personality traits and impacts neural processing during working memory tasks. Thus, CDH13 might contribute to symptomatic core dysfunctions of social and cognitive impairment in ADHD. KW - ADHD KW - CDH13 KW - neurodevelopment KW - executive functions KW - working memory KW - Big Five KW - agreeableness Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245220 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 12 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Georg C. A1 - Almos, Peter A1 - McNeill, Rhiannon V. A1 - Jansch, Charline A1 - Lesch, Klaus‐Peter T1 - Cellular effects and clinical implications of SLC2A3 copy number variation JF - Journal of Cellular Physiology N2 - SLC2A3 encodes the predominantly neuronal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), which facilitates diffusion of glucose across plasma membranes. The human brain depends on a steady glucose supply for ATP generation, which consequently fuels critical biochemical processes, such as axonal transport and neurotransmitter release. Besides its role in the central nervous system, GLUT3 is also expressed in nonneural organs, such as the heart and white blood cells, where it is equally involved in energy metabolism. In cancer cells, GLUT3 overexpression contributes to the Warburg effect by answering the cell's increased glycolytic demands. The SLC2A3 gene locus at chromosome 12p13.31 is unstable and prone to non‐allelic homologous recombination events, generating multiple copy number variants (CNVs) of SLC2A3 which account for alterations in SLC2A3 expression. Recent associations of SLC2A3 CNVs with different clinical phenotypes warrant investigation of the potential influence of these structural variants on pathomechanisms of neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and immune diseases. In this review, we accumulate and discuss the evidence how SLC2A3 gene dosage may exert diverse protective or detrimental effects depending on the pathological condition. Cellular states which lead to increased energetic demand, such as organ development, proliferation, and cellular degeneration, appear particularly susceptible to alterations in SLC2A3 copy number. We conclude that better understanding of the impact of SLC2A3 variation on disease etiology may potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting this GLUT. KW - copy number variation KW - energy metabolism KW - glucose transporter KW - GLUT3 KW - neurodegeneration KW - neurodevelopment KW - SLC2A3 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218009 VL - 235 IS - 12 SP - 9021 EP - 9036 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, C. A1 - Richter, J. A1 - Mahr, M. A1 - Gajewska, A. A1 - Schiele, M.A. A1 - Gehrmann, A. A1 - Schmidt, B. A1 - Lesch, K.-P. A1 - Lang, T. A1 - Helbig-Lang, S. A1 - Pauli, P. A1 - Kircher, T. A1 - Reif, A. A1 - Rief, W. A1 - Vossbeck-Elsebusch, A.N. A1 - Arolt, V. A1 - Wittchen, H.-U. A1 - Hamm, A.O. A1 - Deckert, J. A1 - Domschke, K. T1 - MAOA gene hypomethylation in panic disorder-reversibility of an epigenetic risk pattern by psychotherapy JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - Epigenetic signatures such as methylation of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene have been found to be altered in panic disorder (PD). Hypothesizing temporal plasticity of epigenetic processes as a mechanism of successful fear extinction, the present psychotherapy-epigenetic study for we believe the first time investigated MAOA methylation changes during the course of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD. MAOA methylation was compared between N=28 female Caucasian PD patients (discovery sample) and N=28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls via direct sequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA extracted from blood cells. MAOA methylation was furthermore analyzed at baseline (T0) and after a 6-week CBT (T1) in the discovery sample parallelized by a waiting time in healthy controls, as well as in an independent sample of female PD patients (N=20). Patients exhibited lower MAOA methylation than healthy controls (P<0.001), and baseline PD severity correlated negatively with MAOA methylation (P=0.01). In the discovery sample, MAOA methylation increased up to the level of healthy controls along with CBT response (number of panic attacks; T0-T1: +3.37±2.17%), while non-responders further decreased in methylation (-2.00±1.28%; P=0.001). In the replication sample, increases in MAOA methylation correlated with agoraphobic symptom reduction after CBT (P=0.02-0.03). The present results support previous evidence for MAOA hypomethylation as a PD risk marker and suggest reversibility of MAOA hypomethylation as a potential epigenetic correlate of response to CBT. The emerging notion of epigenetic signatures as a mechanism of action of psychotherapeutic interventions may promote epigenetic patterns as biomarkers of lasting extinction effects. KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Cognitive Therapy KW - DNA Methylation KW - Epigenesis KW - Genetic KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Monoamine Oxidase/genetics KW - Panic Disorder/genetics KW - Panic Disorder/therapy KW - Sequence Analysis KW - DNA Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164422 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth A1 - Roch, Carmen A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt T1 - Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034 KW - yoga KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - mind-body intervention KW - fatigue KW - depression KW - quality of live Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415 SN - 0941-4355 VL - 29 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zesewitz, Anna-Katharina T1 - Die Rolle des dorsolateralen präfrontalen Cortex während der Regulation appetitiver Reaktionstendenzen bei Alkoholabhängigkeit T1 - The function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the regulation of appetitive reaction tendencies in alcohol addiction N2 - Gemäß 2-Prozess-Modellen der Abhängigkeit resultiert die Reaktion auf suchtassoziierte Reize aus der Interaktion zweier in Verbindung stehender, aber unabhängig voneinander arbeitender Systeme: Aus dem Zusammenspiel eines dominierenden Implizitsystems und eines geschwächten Explizitsystems ergeben sich starke Annäherungstendenzen, die immer wieder zum Konsum der Droge führen. Den genannten Systemen können eigene aber überlappend arbeitende neuronale Schaltkreise zugeordnet werden. Als Anteil des Implizitsystems generieren Impulse des Striatums Annäherungstendenzen. Gegenspieler hierzu ist der Bereich der Amygdala, hier kann Vermeidungs- und Abwendungsverhalten gegenüber präsentierten Stimuli entstehen. Beiden übergeordnet befähigt der präfrontale Cortex zu einer bewussten Entscheidungsfindung und Verhaltenskontrolle (Triadic Modell). Indirekte Mess-methoden wie die Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) ermöglichen über die Analyse des gezeigten Verhaltens die Erfassung der vorherrschenden Assoziationen zwischen emotionaler Stimuluswertigkeit und aufkommender Verhaltenstendenz des impulsiven Systems. Grundlage der AAT ist es dabei, dass prinzipiell als positiv bewertete Stimuli vorrangig mit Annäherungs-verhalten, Stimuli mit Negativbewertung dagegen eher mit Vermeidungs-verhalten verknüpft werden. Je nach Aufgabenstellung werden Reizvalenz und geforderte motorische Reaktion unterschiedlich kombiniert. So ergeben sich kompatible bzw. inkompatible Kombinationen zwischen dargebotenem Reiz, geforderter Reaktion (Annäherung vs. Vermeidung) und empfundener Assoziation (positiv vs. negativ). Bei Kompatibilität werden schnellere Reaktionen mit niedrigerer Fehlerrate gezeigt als bei inkompatibler Aufgaben-stellung. Dies lässt auf die vorliegenden Verhaltenstendenzen schließen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit entscheidet der Faktor „Gruppe“ (alkoholabhängige Pro-banden bzw. gesunde Kontrollpersonen) über Kompatibilität bzw. Inkompatibilität der Kombination aus Reiz (alkoholassoziierter bzw. nicht-alkoholassoziierter Stimulus) und Verhalten (Annäherung bzw. Vermeidung). Ziel war es nun die postulierten Annäherungstendenzen gegenüber alkohol-assoziierten Reizen auf Verhaltensebene mittels AAT zu erfassen. Gleichzeitig wurde mittels Nahinfrarot-Spektroskopie (NIRS) die Aktivität der beteiligten kortikalen Strukturen des dorsolateralen Präfrontalcortex (DLPFC), des Orbito-frontalcortex (OFC) sowie des dorsalen fronto-medianen Cortex (DFMC) gemessen und zwischen alkoholabhängigen und gesunden Probanden ver-glichen. Bezüglich der gemessenen Reaktionszeiten ergaben sich wie erwartet bei dem untersuchten Patientenkollektiv Annäherungstendenzen gegenüber alkoholassoziierten Stimuli. Gegenüber nicht-alkoholassoziierten Produkt-bildern waren Vermeidungstendenzen erkennbar. Die Auswertungen der Kontrollgruppe ergaben genau umgekehrte Resultate. Identische Ergebnisse ließen sich für beide Gruppen bei Betrachtung der mittels NIRS gemessenen Hirnaktivität des OFC beschreiben. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen einer Abhängigkeit als Resultat einer vermehrt positiven Bewertung suchtassoziierter Stimuli mit einem übermäßigen Ansprechen des Belohnungszentrums diskutiert. Unabhängig der Gruppenzugehörigkeit konnten im Bereich des DLPFC durch eine stärkere kortikale Aktivierung bei Vermeidung im Vergleich zur Annäherung der alkoholassoziierten Produktbilder Annäherungspräferenzen gegenüber alkoholischen Produktbildern nachgewiesen werden. Die fehlenden Gruppenunterschiede lassen sich eventuell durch die gegebenen Instruktionen mit Betonung des Bildinhaltes und einem dadurch erzeugten Bewusstsein für die Hypothesen des Experiments erklären. Außerdem bietet eine durch Alkoholabhängigkeit generell verminderte Aktivität des DLPFC einen möglichen Erklärungsansatz. Korrelationsanalysen zwischen DLPFC und OFC unter-stützen die Vorstellung des DLPFC als oberstes Kontrollgremium über sämtlichen dem Belohnungszentrum zuzuordnenden Hirnstrukturen. Ausblickend lässt sich die klinische Bedeutung der erhaltenen Resultate erörtern. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten verwenden die AAT im Rahmen eines Trainings zur Rückfallprävention. Durch viele Wiederholungen der inkompatiblen Reiz-Verhaltenskombination werden vorhandene Annäherungs-tendenzen abgeschwächt und Rückfälle vermieden. Offen bleibt die Erforschung der diesen Trainingserfolgen zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen sowie eine mögliche Eingrenzung der davon profitierenden Patientengruppen. N2 - The function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the regulation of appetitive reaction tendencies in alcohol addiction KW - dorsolateraler präfrontaler Cortex KW - Alkoholabhängigkeit KW - Approach-Avoidance-Task KW - appetitive Reaktionstendenzen KW - Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-109534 ER -