TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraft, Peter
A1  - De Meyer, Simon F.
A1  - Kleinschnitz, Christoph
T1  - Next-Generation Antithrombotics in Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Perspective on ‘Bleeding-Free Antithrombosis’
JF  - Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
N2  - The present antithrombotic drugs used to treat or prevent ischemic stroke have significant limitations: either they show only moderate efficacy (platelet inhibitors), or they significantly increase the risk for hemorrhages (thrombolytics, anticoagulants). Although most strokes are caused by thrombotic or embolic vessel occlusions, the pathophysiological role of platelets and coagulation is largely unclear. The introduction of novel transgenic mouse models and specific coagulation inhibitors facilitated a detailed analysis of molecular pathways mediating thrombus formation in models of acute ischemic stroke. Prevention of early platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall by blocking platelet surface receptors glycoprotein Ib alpha (GPIbα) or glycoprotein VI (GPVI) protects from stroke without provoking bleeding complications. In addition, downstream signaling of GPIbα and GPVI has a key role in platelet calcium homeostasis and activation. Finally, the intrinsic coagulation cascade, activated by coagulation factor XII (FXII), has only recently been identified as another important mediator of thrombosis in cerebrovascular disease, thereby disproving established concepts. This review summarizes the latest insights into the pathophysiology of thrombus formation in the ischemic brain. Potential clinical merits of novel platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants as powerful and safe tools to combat ischemic stroke are discussed.
KW  - von Willebrand factor
KW  - platelets
KW  - glycoprotein Ib
KW  - FXII
KW  - coagulation
KW  - Stim
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126538
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hansen, Niels
A1  - Seiler, Carola
A1  - Rumpf, Julian
A1  - Kraft, Peter
A1  - Dlaske, Henry
A1  - Abele-Horn, Marianne
A1  - Muellges, Wolfgang
T1  - Human Tuberculous Meningitis Caused by \(Mycobacterium\) \(caprae\)
JF  - Case Reports in Neurology
N2  - INTRODUCTION: Tuberculous meningitis (TM) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in humans. Human TM has been known to be induced by bacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), such as M. tuberculosis and M. bovis.
CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of meningitis treated with fosfomycin, which showed partial effectiveness in an 80-year-old patient. After a lethal myocardial infarction, M. caprae (MC) was identified in cerebrospinal fluid culture. This isolated acid-fast organism was first identified as MTBC by MTBC-specific PCR (16S rDNA-PCR). Furthermore, species-specific identification of the isolate was done by gyrB PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a part of gyrB DNA. Colony morphology of the isolated MC strain showed dysgonic growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The strain was susceptible to pyrazinamide (PZA).
CONCLUSION: This isolated strain was convincingly identified as MC according to the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and PZA sensitivity. This is the first report of MC causing TM.
KW  - Mycobacterium caprae
KW  - Mycobacterium caprae
KW  - fosfomycin
KW  - Tuberkulose
KW  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
KW  - tuberculous meningitis
KW  - cerebrospinal fluid culture
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123425
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -