TY  - JOUR
A1  - Qamar, Muhammad Uzair
A1  - Azmat, Muhammad
A1  - Abbas, Azhar
A1  - Usman, Muhammad
A1  - Shahid, Muhammad Adnan
A1  - Khan, Zahid Mahmood
T1  - Water Pricing and Implementation Strategies for the Sustainability of an Irrigation System: A Case Study within the Command Area of the Rakh Branch Canal
JF  - Water
N2  - The command area of the Rakh branch canal grows wheat, sugarcane, and rice crops in abundance. The canal water, which is trivial for irrigating these crops, is conveyed to the farms through the network of canals and distributaries. For the maintenance of this vast infrastructure; the end users are charged on a seasonal basis. The present water charges are severely criticized for not being adequate to properly manage the entire infrastructure. We use the residual value to determine the value of the irrigation water and then based on the quantity of irrigation water supplied to farm land coupled with the infrastructure maintenance cost, full cost recovery figures are executed for the study area, and policy recommendations are made for the implementation of the full cost recovery system. The approach is unique in the sense that the pricings are based on the actual quantity of water conveyed to the field for irrigating crops. The results of our analysis showed that the canal water is severely under charged in the culturable command area of selected distributaries, thus negating the plan of having a self-sustainable irrigation system.
KW  - irrigation pricing
KW  - value of water
KW  - distributary
KW  - culturable command area
KW  - sustainable irrigation system
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224711
VL  - 10
IS  - 4, 509
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Usman, Muhammad
A1  - Reimann, Thomas
A1  - Liedl, Rudolf
A1  - Abbas, Azhar
A1  - Conrad, Christopher
A1  - Saleem, Shoaib
T1  - Inverse parametrization of a regional groundwater flow model with the aid of modelling and GIS: test and application of different approaches
JF  - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
N2  - The use of inverse methods allow efficient model calibration. This study employs PEST to calibrate a large catchment scale transient flow model. Results are demonstrated by comparing manually calibrated approaches with the automated approach. An advanced Tikhonov regularization algorithm was employed for carrying out the automated pilot point (PP) method. The results indicate that automated PP is more flexible and robust as compared to other approaches. Different statistical indicators show that this method yields reliable calibration as values of coefficient of determination (R-2) range from 0.98 to 0.99, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (ME) range from 0.964 to 0.976, and root mean square errors (RMSE) range from 1.68 m to 1.23 m, for manual and automated approaches, respectively. Validation results of automated PP show ME as 0.969 and RMSE as 1.31 m. The results of output sensitivity suggest that hydraulic conductivity is a more influential parameter. Considering the limitations of the current study, it is recommended to perform global sensitivity and linear uncertainty analysis for the better estimation of the modelling results.
KW  - pilot-point-approach
KW  - inverse parameterization
KW  - groundwater
KW  - sensitivity analysis
KW  - tikhonov regularization
KW  - PEST
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175721
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -