TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Peter A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood–brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS–dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis. KW - coronavirus KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 brain disorders KW - cardiorespiratory centre KW - brain pathology KW - neurological symptoms/disorders KW - brain stem KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Parkinsonism KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - multiple sclerosis KW - movement disorders KW - neuroinvasion KW - therapy KW - neuroprotection KW - depression KW - cognitive dysfunction KW - brain bank KW - postmortem studies Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314637 SN - 0300-9564 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 127 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dashkovskiy, Sergey A1 - Kapustyan, Oleksiy A1 - Schmid, Jochen T1 - A local input-to-state stability result w.r.t. attractors of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations JF - Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems N2 - We establish the local input-to-state stability of a large class of disturbed nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations w.r.t. the global attractor of the respective undisturbed system. KW - local input-to-state stability KW - global attractor KW - lonlinear reaction-diffusion equations Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281099 VL - 32 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geiger, Dietmar T1 - Plant glucose transporter structure and function JF - Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology N2 - The carbohydrate D-glucose is the main source of energy in living organisms. In contrast to animals, as well as most fungi, bacteria, and archaea, plants are capable to synthesize a surplus of sugars characterizing them as autothrophic organisms. Thus, plants are de facto the source of all food on earth, either directly or indirectly via feed to livestock. Glucose is stored as polymeric glucan, in animals as glycogen and in plants as starch. Despite serving a general source for metabolic energy and energy storage, glucose is the main building block for cellulose synthesis and represents the metabolic starting point of carboxylate- and amino acid synthesis. Finally yet importantly, glucose functions as signalling molecule conveying the plant metabolic status for adjustment of growth, development, and survival. Therefore, cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of photoassimilates/sugars throughout the plant body require the fine-tuned activity of sugar transporters facilitating the transport across membranes. The functional plant counterparts of the animal sodium/glucose transporters (SGLTs) are represented by the proton-coupled sugar transport proteins (STPs) of the plant monosaccharide transporter(-like) family (MST). In the framework of this special issue on “Glucose Transporters in Health and Disease,” this review gives an overview of the function and structure of plant STPs in comparison to the respective knowledge obtained with the animal Na+-coupled glucose transporters (SGLTs). KW - STP KW - sugar transport protein KW - glucose transport KW - plant photoassimilate partitioning Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280643 VL - 472 IS - 9 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Reuter, Oliver M. T1 - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption : Eine Methode zur Verzahnung von Produktion und Rezeption N2 - Eine Rezeption auf den von Kindern und Jugendlichen selbst gemachten Erfahrungen aufzubauen, ist das zentrale Anliegen der ausgeführten Methode zur Verschränkung von produktiven und rezeptiven Anteilen im Kunstunterricht. Indem vor der Rezeption eine bildnerische Praxis stattfindet, können Ideen und Vorstellungen selbständig und individuell entwickelt und in Bilder übersetzt werden. Bei der erfahrungsverankerten Vermittlung basiert die Rezeption auf einer Schnittmenge zwischen eigenen Handlungen im bildnerischen oder darstellenden Prozess und zentralen Aspekten des Werks. Solche Referenzpunkte zwischen der Produktion und der Rezeption können im Material, im Thema, in der Gattung, im bildnerischen Verfahren oder in einer künstlerischen Strategie ausfindig gemacht werden. Sie dienen dazu, Einsichten, Einstellungen, Kenntnisse und Wissen aus der Produktion in die Rezeption mitzunehmen. Somit ist die Methode der erfahrungsverankerten Rezeption gleichermaßen geeignet für die Vermittlung historischer wie für zeitgenössischer Kunst. Nach der Darlegung und Konturierung der Konzeption zeigt die Publikation Wege auf, die erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption in Unterricht zu überführen. Exemplarische Unterrichtsskizzen illustrieren die Umsetzung im Kunstunterricht. KW - Erfahrung KW - Kunsterziehung KW - Rezeption KW - Unterrichtsmethode KW - Kunstvermittlung KW - Unterrichtsvorbereitung KW - Bildnerisches Gestalten KW - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption KW - Ästhetische Praxis KW - Ästhetische Bildung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-346008 UR - https://www.kopaed.de/kopaedshop/?pg=2_15&pid=1263 SN - 978-3-86736-580-2 N1 - Technisch korrigierte, inhaltlich identische Version zu https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345281. PB - kopaed ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Reuter, Oliver M. T1 - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption : Eine Methode zur Verzahnung von Produktion und Rezeption N2 - Eine Rezeption auf den von Kindern und Jugendlichen selbst gemachten Erfahrungen aufzubauen, ist das zentrale Anliegen der ausgeführten Methode zur Verschränkung von produktiven und rezeptiven Anteilen im Kunstunterricht. Indem vor der Rezeption eine bildnerische Praxis stattfindet, können Ideen und Vorstellungen selbständig und individuell entwickelt und in Bilder übersetzt werden. Bei der erfahrungsverankerten Vermittlung basiert die Rezeption auf einer Schnittmenge zwischen eigenen Handlungen im bildnerischen oder darstellenden Prozess und zentralen Aspekten des Werks. Solche Referenzpunkte zwischen der Produktion und der Rezeption können im Material, im Thema, in der Gattung, im bildnerischen Verfahren oder in einer künstlerischen Strategie ausfindig gemacht werden. Sie dienen dazu, Einsichten, Einstellungen, Kenntnisse und Wissen aus der Produktion in die Rezeption mitzunehmen. Somit ist die Methode der erfahrungsverankerten Rezeption gleichermaßen geeignet für die Vermittlung historischer wie für zeitgenössischer Kunst. Nach der Darlegung und Konturierung der Konzeption zeigt die Publikation Wege auf, die erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption in Unterricht zu überführen. Exemplarische Unterrichtsskizzen illustrieren die Umsetzung im Kunstunterricht. KW - Erfahrung KW - Kunsterziehung KW - Rezeption KW - Unterrichtsmethode KW - Kunstvermittlung KW - Unterrichtsvorbereitung KW - Bildnerisches Gestalten KW - Erfahrungsverankerte Rezeption KW - Ästhetische Praxis KW - Ästhetische Bildung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-345281 UR - https://www.kopaed.de/kopaedshop/?pg=2_15&pid=1263 SN - 978-3-86736-580-2 N1 - Eine inhaltlich unveränderte, technisch korrigierte Version ist unter https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-34528 verfügbar. PB - kopaed ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with same-sign leptons and jets using 139 fb\(^{-1}\) of data collected with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for supersymmetric partners of gluons and quarks is presented, involving signatures with jets and either two isolated leptons (electrons or muons) with the same electric charge, or at least three isolated leptons. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb(-1), is used for the search. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in simplified supersymmetric models featuring both R-parity conservation and R-parity violation, raising the exclusion limits beyond those of previous ATLAS searches to 1600 GeV for gluino masses and 750 GeV for bottom and top squark masses in these scenarios. KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Supersymmetry Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-277538 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fofanov, Mikhail V. A1 - Prokopov, Dmitry Yu. A1 - Kuhl, Heiner A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Trifonov, Vladimir A. T1 - Evolution of microRNA biogenesis genes in the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and other polyploid vertebrates JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - MicroRNAs play a crucial role in eukaryotic gene regulation. For a long time, only little was known about microRNA-based gene regulatory mechanisms in polyploid animal genomes due to difficulties of polyploid genome assembly. However, in recent years, several polyploid genomes of fish, amphibian, and even invertebrate species have been sequenced and assembled. Here we investigated several key microRNA-associated genes in the recently sequenced sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) genome, whose lineage has undergone a whole genome duplication around 180 MYA. We show that two paralogs of drosha, dgcr8, xpo1, and xpo5 as well as most ago genes have been retained after the acipenserid-specific whole genome duplication, while ago1 and ago3 genes have lost one paralog. While most diploid vertebrates possess only a single copy of dicer1, we strikingly found four paralogs of this gene in the sterlet genome, derived from a tandem segmental duplication that occurred prior to the last whole genome duplication. ago1,3,4 and exportins1,5 look to be prone to additional segment duplications producing up to four-five paralog copies in ray-finned fishes. We demonstrate for the first time exon microsatellite amplification in the acipenserid drosha2 gene, resulting in a highly variable protein product, which may indicate sub- or neofunctionalization. Paralogous copies of most microRNA metabolism genes exhibit different expression profiles in various tissues and remain functional despite the rediploidization process. Subfunctionalization of microRNA processing gene paralogs may be beneficial for different pathways of microRNA metabolism. Genetic variability of microRNA processing genes may represent a substrate for natural selection, and, by increasing genetic plasticity, could facilitate adaptations to changing environments. KW - sturgeon KW - whole genome duplication KW - microRNA KW - gene duplications Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285230 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liedert, Astrid A1 - Nemitz, Claudia A1 - Haffner-Luntzer, Melanie A1 - Schick, Fabian A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Ignatius, Anita T1 - Effects of estrogen receptor and Wnt signaling activation on mechanically induced bone formation in a mouse model of postmenopausal bone loss JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice. KW - bone remodeling KW - mechanotransduction KW - ER signaling KW - Wnt/β-catenin signaling KW - ovariectomy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285487 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hohenester, Simon A1 - Kanitz, Veronika A1 - Schiergens, Tobias A1 - Einer, Claudia A1 - Nagel, Jutta A1 - Wimmer, Ralf A1 - Reiter, Florian P. A1 - Gerbes, Alexander L. A1 - De Toni, Enrico N. A1 - Bauer, Christian A1 - Holdt, Lesca A1 - Mayr, Doris A1 - Rust, Christian A1 - Schnurr, Max A1 - Zischka, Hans A1 - Geier, Andreas A1 - Denk, Gerald T1 - IL-18 but not IL-1 signaling is pivotal for the initiation of liver injury in murine non-alcoholic fatty liver disease JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising in prevalence, and a better pathophysiologic understanding of the transition to its inflammatory phenotype (NASH) is key to the development of effective therapies. To evaluate the contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream effectors IL-1 and IL-18 in this process, we applied the true-to-life “American lifestyle-induced obesity syndrome” (ALiOS) diet mouse model. Development of obesity, fatty liver and liver damage was investigated in mice fed for 24 weeks according to the ALiOS protocol. Lipidomic changes in mouse livers were compared to human NAFLD samples. Receptor knockout mice for IL-1 and IL-18 were used to dissect the impact of downstream signals of inflammasome activity on the development of NAFLD. The ALiOS diet induced obesity and liver steatosis. The lipidomic changes closely mimicked changes in human NAFLD. A pro-inflammatory gene expression pattern in liver tissue and increased serum liver transaminases indicated early liver damage in the absence of histological evidence of NASH. Mechanistically, Il-18r\(^{−/−}\)- but not Il-1r\(^{−/−}\) mice were protected from early liver damage, possibly due to silencing of the pro-inflammatory gene expression pattern. Our study identified NLRP3 activation and IL-18R-dependent signaling as potential modulators of early liver damage in NAFLD, preceding development of histologic NASH. KW - NAFLD KW - Western diet KW - NLRP3 KW - inflammasome KW - interleukin 1 KW - interleukin 18 KW - NASH KW - ALiOS Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285221 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naseem, Muhammad A1 - Osmanoğlu, Özge A1 - Kaltdorf, Martin A1 - Alblooshi, Afnan Ali M. A. A1 - Iqbal, Jibran A1 - Howari, Fares M. A1 - Srivastava, Mugdha A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Integrated framework of the immune-defense transcriptional signatures in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - The growing tips of plants grow sterile; therefore, disease-free plants can be generated from them. How plants safeguard growing apices from pathogen infection is still a mystery. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is one of the three stem cells niches that give rise to the above ground plant organs. This is very well explored; however, how signaling networks orchestrate immune responses against pathogen infections in the SAM remains unclear. To reconstruct a transcriptional framework of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) pertaining to various SAM cellular populations, we acquired large-scale transcriptome datasets from the public repository Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identify here distinct sets of genes for various SAM cellular populations that are enriched in immune functions, such as immune defense, pathogen infection, biotic stress, and response to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid and their biosynthetic pathways in the SAM. We further linked those immune genes to their respective proteins and identify interactions among them by mapping a transcriptome-guided SAM-interactome. Furthermore, we compared stem-cells regulated transcriptome with innate immune responses in plants showing transcriptional separation among their DEGs in Arabidopsis. Besides unleashing a repertoire of immune-related genes in the SAM, our analysis provides a SAM-interactome that will help the community in designing functional experiments to study the specific defense dynamics of the SAM-cellular populations. Moreover, our study promotes the essence of large-scale omics data re-analysis, allowing a fresh look at the SAM-cellular transcriptome repurposing data-sets for new questions. KW - defense signaling KW - shoot apical meristem KW - CLV3p KW - meta-transcriptome KW - system inference KW - stem-cell-triggered immunity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285730 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 16 ER -