TY - JOUR A1 - Santoro, Nicole A1 - Labopin, Myriam A1 - Giannotti, Federica A1 - Ehninger, Gerard A1 - Niederwieser, Dietger A1 - Brecht, Arne A1 - Stelljes, Matthias A1 - Kröger, Nicolaus A1 - Einsele, Herman A1 - Eder, Matthias A1 - Hallek, Michael A1 - Glass, Bertram A1 - Finke, Jürgen A1 - Ciceri, Fabio A1 - Mohty, Mohamad A1 - Ruggeri, Annalisa A1 - Nagler, Arnon T1 - Unmanipulated haploidentical in comparison with matched unrelated donor stem cell transplantation in patients 60 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia: a comparative study on behalf of the ALWP of the EBMT JF - Journal of Hematology & Oncology N2 - Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is both more common and with more biologically aggressive phenotype in the elderly. Allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the best treatment option in fit patients. Either HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD) or haploidentical (Haplo) donor are possible alternative for patients in need. Methods: We retrospectively compared non-T-cell-depleted Haplo (n = 250) to 10/10 MUD (n = 2589) in AML patients >= 60 years. Results: Median follow-up was 23 months. Disease status at transplant differs significantly between the two groups (p < 10(-4)). Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) was administrated to 73 and 77% of Haplo and MUD, respectively (p = 0.23). Stem cell source was the bone marrow (BM) in 52% of the Haplo and 6% of MUD (p < 10(-4)). Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was most frequently used in MUD (p < 10(-4)) while post-Tx cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) was given in 62% of Haplo. Engraftment was achieved in 90% of the Haplo vs 97% of MUD (p < 10(-4)). In multivariate analysis, no significant difference was found between Haplo and MUD for acute (a) graft versus host disease (GVHD) grade II-IV, relapse incidence (RI), non-relapse mortality (NRM), leukemia free survival (LFS), graft-versus-host-free-relapse free survival (GRFS), and overall survival (OS). Extensive chronic (c) GVHD was significantly higher for MUD as compared to Haplo (HR 2, p = 0.01, 95% CI 1.17-3.47). A propensity score analysis confirmed the higher risk of extensive cGVHD for MUD without differences for other outcomes. Conclusions: Allo-SCT from both Haplo and MUD are valid option for AML patients >= 60 years of age with similar results. Transplantation from MUD was associated with higher extensive cGVHD. Our findings suggest that Haplo is a suitable and attractive graft source for patients >= 60 with AML in need of allo-SCT. KW - MUD KW - Haploidentical KW - Allogeneic stem cell transplantation KW - Acute myeloid leukemia KW - Elderly Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227315 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Kircher, Malte A1 - Solnes, Lilja B. A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Pomper, Martin G. A1 - Rowe, Steven A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - The theranostic promise for neuroendocrine tumors in the late 2010s – Where do we stand, where do we go? JF - Theranostics N2 - More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, e.g. for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context. KW - theranostics KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - PRRT KW - somatostatin receptor KW - peptide receptor radionuclide therapy KW - neuroendocrine tumor Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170264 VL - 8 IS - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolvering, Catherine A1 - Zimmer, Andreas D. A1 - Ginolhac, Aurélien A1 - Margue, Christiane A1 - Kirchmeyer, Mélanie A1 - Servais, Florence A1 - Hermanns, Heike M. A1 - Hergovits, Sabine A1 - Nazarov, Petr V. A1 - Nicot, Nathalie A1 - Kreis, Stephanie A1 - Haan, Serge A1 - Behrmann, Iris A1 - Haan, Claude T1 - The PD-L1-and IL6-mediated dampening of the IL27/STAT1 anticancer responses are prevented by alpha-PD-L1 or alpha-IL6 antibodies JF - Journal of Leukocyte Biology N2 - Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family and is predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. We show that IL27 induces STAT factor phosphorylation in cancerous cell lines of different tissue origin. IL27 leads to STAT1 phosphorylation and recapitulates an IFN--like response in the microarray analyses, with up-regulation of genes involved in antiviral defense, antigen presentation, and immune suppression. Like IFN-, IL27 leads to an up-regulation of TAP2 and MHC-I proteins, which mediate increased tumor immune clearance. However, both cytokines also upregulate proteins such as PD-L1 (CD274) and IDO-1, which are associated with immune escape of cancer. Interestingly, differential expression of these genes was observed within the different cell lines and when comparing IL27 to IFN-. In coculture experiments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, pre-treatment of the HCC cells with IL27 resulted in lowered IL2 production by anti-CD3/-CD28 activated T-lymphocytes. Addition of anti-PD-L1 antibody, however, restored IL2 secretion. The levels of other T(H)1 cytokines were also enhanced or restored upon administration of anti-PD-L1. In addition, we show that the suppression of IL27 signaling by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulationmimicking a situation occurring, for example, in IL6-secreting tumors or in tumor inflammation-induced cachexiacan be antagonized by antibodies against IL6-type cytokines or their receptors. Therapeutically, the antitumor effects of IL27 (mediated, e.g., by increased antigen presentation) might thus be increased by combining IL27 with blocking antibodies against PD-L1 or/and IL6-type cytokines. KW - cytokine KW - interferon KW - IFN-gamma KW - IDO-1 KW - OSM Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226974 VL - 104 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gröbner, Susanne N. A1 - Worst, Barbara C. A1 - Weischenfeldt, Joachim A1 - Buchhalter, Ivo A1 - Kleinheinz, Kortine A1 - Rudneva, Vasilisa A. A1 - Johann, Pascal D. A1 - Balasubramanian, Gnana Prakash A1 - Segura-Wang, Maia A1 - Brabetz, Sebastian A1 - Bender, Sebastian A1 - Hutter, Barbara A1 - Sturm, Dominik A1 - Pfaff, Elke A1 - Hübschmann, Daniel A1 - Zipprich, Gideon A1 - Heinold, Michael A1 - Eils, Jürgen A1 - Lawerenz, Christian A1 - Erkek, Serap A1 - Lambo, Sander A1 - Waszak, Sebastian A1 - Blattmann, Claudia A1 - Borkhardt, Arndt A1 - Kuhlen, Michaela A1 - Eggert, Angelika A1 - Fulda, Simone A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - Wegert, Jenny A1 - Kappler, Roland A1 - Baumhoer, Daniel A1 - Stefan, Burdach A1 - Kirschner-Schwabe, Renate A1 - Kontny, Udo A1 - Kulozik, Andreas E. A1 - Lohmann, Dietmar A1 - Hettmer, Simone A1 - Eckert, Cornelia A1 - Bielack, Stefan A1 - Nathrath, Michaela A1 - Niemeyer, Charlotte A1 - Richter, Günther H. A1 - Schulte, Johannes A1 - Siebert, Reiner A1 - Westermann, Frank A1 - Molenaar, Jan J. A1 - Vassal, Gilles A1 - Witt, Hendrik A1 - Burkhardt, Birgit A1 - Kratz, Christian P. A1 - Witt, Olaf A1 - van Tilburg, Cornelis M. A1 - Kramm, Christof M. A1 - Fleischhack, Gudrun A1 - Dirksen, Uta A1 - Rutkowski, Stefan A1 - Frühwald, Michael A1 - Hoff, Katja von A1 - Wolf, Stephan A1 - Klingebeil, Thomas A1 - Koscielniak, Ewa A1 - Landgraf, Pablo A1 - Koster, Jan A1 - Resnick, Adam C. A1 - Zhang, Jinghui A1 - Liu, Yanling A1 - Zhou, Xin A1 - Waanders, Angela J. A1 - Zwijnenburg, Danny A. A1 - Raman, Pichai A1 - Brors, Benedikt A1 - Weber, Ursula D. A1 - Northcott, Paul A. A1 - Pajtler, Kristian W. A1 - Kool, Marcel A1 - Piro, Rosario M. A1 - Korbel, Jan O. A1 - Schlesner, Matthias A1 - Eils, Roland A1 - Jones, David T. W. A1 - Lichter, Peter A1 - Chavez, Lukas A1 - Zapatka, Marc A1 - Pfister, Stefan M. T1 - The landscape of genomic alterations across childhood cancers JF - Nature N2 - Pan-cancer analyses that examine commonalities and differences among various cancer types have emerged as a powerful way to obtain novel insights into cancer biology. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of genetic alterations in a pan-cancer cohort including 961 tumours from children, adolescents, and young adults, comprising 24 distinct molecular types of cancer. Using a standardized workflow, we identified marked differences in terms of mutation frequency and significantly mutated genes in comparison to previously analysed adult cancers. Genetic alterations in 149 putative cancer driver genes separate the tumours into two classes: small mutation and structural/copy-number variant (correlating with germline variants). Structural variants, hyperdiploidy, and chromothripsis are linked to TP53 mutation status and mutational signatures. Our data suggest that 7–8% of the children in this cohort carry an unambiguous predisposing germline variant and that nearly 50% of paediatric neoplasms harbour a potentially druggable event, which is highly relevant for the design of future clinical trials. KW - cancer genomics KW - oncogenesis KW - paediatric cancer KW - predictive markers KW - translational research Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229579 VL - 555 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benoit, Sandrine A1 - Scheurlen, Michael A1 - Goebeler, Matthias A1 - Stoevesandt, Johanna T1 - Structured diagnostic approach and risk assessment in mucous membrane pemphigoid with oesophageal involvement JF - Acta Dermato-Venereologica N2 - Oesophageal involvement in mucous membrane pemphigoid is considered rare, but it may be underdiagnosed. To assess the incidence of oesophageal involvement in a group of patients with newly diagnosed mucous membrane pemphigoid we retrospectively analysed the medical records of 30 consecutive patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg. Twenty-one patients (70%) reported symptoms indicative of oesophageal mucous membrane pemphigoid. Twelve patients (40%) underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, and oesophageal pathology compatible with mucous membrane pemphigoid was endoscopically found in 9 cases (30%). In all patients indirect and direct immunofluorescence were performed. Patients with and without oesophageal involvement did not differ with regard to the results of indirect immunofluorescence on salt-split human skin and monkey oesophagus. Study results demonstrate the necessity of a standardized diagnostic work-up, including adequate tissue samples for direct immunofluorescence, to prevent underdiagnosis of oesophageal mucous membrane pemphigoid. KW - cicatricial pemphigoid KW - mucous membrane pemphigoid KW - oesophagogastroduodenoscopy KW - laminin 332 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176191 VL - 98 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A1 - Solnes, Lilja A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod A1 - Weich, Alexander A1 - Gorin, Michael A1 - Pienta, Kenneth A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Pomper, Martin A1 - Rowe, Steven A1 - Lapa, Constantin T1 - SSTR-RADS Version 1.0 as a Reporting System for SSTR-PET Imaging and Selection of Potential PRRT Candidates: A Proposed Standardization Framework JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine N2 - Reliable standards and criteria for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography (PET) are still lacking. We herein propose a structured reporting system on a 5-point scale for SSTR-PET imaging, titled SSTR-RADS version 1.0, which might serve as a standardized assessment for both diagnosis and treatment planning in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). SSTR-RADS could guide the imaging specialist in interpreting SSTR-PET scans, facilitate communication with the referring clinician so that appropriate work-up for equivocal findings is pursued, and serve as a reliable tool for patient selection for planned Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy. KW - Radionuclide Therapy KW - Standardisierung KW - Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie KW - 68Ga-DOTATATE/-TOC KW - Gastrointestinal KW - Neuroendocrine KW - Neuroendocrine Tumor KW - Oncology KW - GI KW - PET KW - PET/CT KW - PRRT KW - RADS KW - SSTR Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161298 SN - 0161-5505 N1 - This research was originally published in JNM. Rudolf A. Werner, Lilja B. Solnes, Mehrbod Som Javadi, Alexander Weich, Michael A. Gorin, Kenneth J. Pienta, Takahiro Higuchi, Andreas K. Buck, Martin G. Pomper, Steven P. Rowe, Constantin Lapa. SSTR-RADS Version 1.0 as a Reporting System for SSTR-PET Imaging and Selection of Potential PRRT Candidates: A Proposed Standardization Framework. J. Nucl. Med. July 1, 2018, vol. 59, no. 7, 1085-1091. © SNMMI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anany, Mohamed A. A1 - Kreckel, Jennifer A1 - Füllsack, Simone A1 - Rosenthal, Alevtina A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Siegmund, Daniela A1 - Wajant, Harald T1 - Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) enhances poly(I:C)-induced RIPK1-mediated necroptosis JF - Cell Death & Disease N2 - TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (CHX) sensitize for poly(I:C)-induced cell death. Notably, although CHX preferentially enhanced poly(I:C)-induced apoptosis, TWEAK enhanced primarily poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis. Both sensitizers of poly(I:C)-induced cell death, however, showed no major effect on proinflammatory poly(I:C) signaling. Analysis of a panel of HeLa-RIPK3 variants lacking TRADD, RIPK1, FADD, or caspase-8 expression revealed furthermore similarities and differences in the way how poly(I:C)/TWEAK, TNF, and TRAIL utilize these molecules for signaling. RIPK1 turned out to be essential for poly(I:C)/TWEAK-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis but was dispensable for this response in TNF and TRAIL signaling. TRADD-RIPK1-double deficiency differentially affected poly(I:C)-triggered gene induction but abrogated gene induction by TNF completely. FADD deficiency abrogated TRAIL- but not TNF- and poly(I:C)-induced necroptosis, whereas TRADD elicited protective activity against all three death inducers. A general protective activity against poly(I:C)-, TRAIL-, and TNF-induced cell death was also observed in FLIPL and FLIPS transfectrants. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221104 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rau, Monika A1 - Schmitt, Johannes A1 - Berg, Thomas A1 - Kremer, Andreas E. A1 - Stieger, Bruno A1 - Spanaus, Katharina A1 - Bengsch, Bertram A1 - Romero, Marta R. A1 - Marin, Jose J. A1 - Keitel, Verena A1 - Klinker, Hartwig A1 - Tony, Hans-Peter A1 - Müllhaupt, Beat A1 - Geier, Andreas T1 - Serum IP-10 levels and increased DPPIV activity are linked to circulating CXCR3+ T cells in cholestatic HCV patients JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background & aims Serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) is elevated in cholestatic liver diseases and predicts response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPPIV) cleaves active IP-10 into an inactive form, which inhibits recruitment of CXCR3+ T cells to the liver. In this study the link between IP-10 levels, DPPIV activity in serum and CXCR3+ T cells is analysed in cholestatic and non-cholestatic liver patients. Methods In serum DPPIV activity (by enzymatic assay), IP-10 (by ELISA) and bile acids (BA) (by enzymatic assay) were analysed in 229 naive HCV genotype (GT) 1 patients and in 16 patients with cholestatic liver disease. In a prospective follow-up (FU) cohort of 27 HCV GT 1 patients peripheral CD3+CXCR3+, CD4+CXCR3+ and CD8+CXCR3+ cells were measured by FACS. Results In 229 HCV patients serum IP-10 levels correlated positively to DPPIV serum activity. Higher IP-10 levels and DPPIV activity were detected in cholestatic and in cirrhotic HCV patients. Increased IP-10 serum levels were associated with therapeutic non-response to antiviral treatment with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin. In the HCV FU cohort elevated IP-10 serum levels and increased BA were associated with higher frequencies of peripheral CD3+CXCR3+, CD4+CXCR3+ and CD8+CXCR3+ T cells. Positive correlation between serum IP-10 levels and DPPIV activity was likewise validated in patients with cholestatic liver diseases. Conclusions A strong correlation between elevated serum levels of IP-10 and DPPIV activity was seen in different cholestatic patient groups. Furthermore, in cholestatic HCV patients a functional link to increased numbers of peripheral CXCR3+ immune cells could be observed. The source of DPPIV release in cholestatic patients remains open. KW - hepatitis C virus KW - T cells KW - liver diseases KW - chemokines KW - cytotoxic T cells KW - immune cells KW - cirrhosis KW - bile Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177674 VL - 13 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knödler, Maren A1 - Körfer, Justus A1 - Kunzmann, Volker A1 - Trojan, Jörg A1 - Daum, Severin A1 - Schenk, Michael A1 - Kullmann, Frank A1 - Schroll, Sebastian A1 - Behringer, Dirk A1 - Stahl, Michael A1 - Al-Batran, Salah-Eddin A1 - Hacker, Ulrich A1 - Ibach, Stefan A1 - Lindhofer, Horst A1 - Lordick, Florian T1 - Randomised phase II trial to investigate catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM × anti-CD3) for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with gastric cancer JF - British Journal of Cancer N2 - Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) represents an unfavourable prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer (GC). Intraperitoneal treatment with the bispecific and trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (EpCAM, CD3), in addition to systemic chemotherapy, could improve elimination of PC. Methods This prospective, randomised, phase II study investigated the efficacy of catumaxomab followed by chemotherapy (arm A, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, docetaxel, FLOT) or FLOT alone (arm B) in patients with GC and PC. Primary endpoint was the rate of macroscopic complete remission (mCR) of PC at the time of second diagnostic laparoscopy/laparotomy prior to optional surgery. Results Median follow-up was 52 months. Out of 35 patients screened, 15 were allocated to arm A and 16 to arm B. mCR rate was 27% in arm A and 19% in arm B (p = 0.69). Severe side effects associated with catumaxomab were nausea, infection, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes. Median progression-free (6.7 vs. 5.4 months, p = 0.71) and overall survival (13.2 vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.97) were not significantly different in both treatment arms. Conclusions Addition of catumaxomab to systemic chemotherapy was feasible and tolerable in advanced GC. Although the primary endpoint could not be demonstrated, results are promising for future investigations integrating intraperitoneal immunotherapy into a multimodal treatment strategy. KW - cancer immunotherapy KW - gastric cancer Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325938 VL - 119 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hefter, Maike Sina T1 - Quantifizierung und funktionale Analysen von \(Aspergillus\)-spezifischen Rezeptoren auf humanen dendritischen Zell-Subpopulationen T1 - Quantification and functional Analysis of \(Aspergillus\)-specific receptors on human dendritic cell subpopulations N2 - Pilzinfektionen zählen zu den häufigsten Infektionen beim Menschen. Sie verlaufen in den meisten Fällen unkompliziert und stellen keine vitale Bedrohung für den Betroffenen dar. Invasive Mykosen hingegen verlaufen oft tödlich und sind eine große Herausforderung für die moderne Medizin, da eine frühe Diagnose schwierig ist und die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten limitiert sind. Die Invasive Aspergillose (IA) zählt mit geschätzt über 200.000 Infektionen pro Jahr weltweit zu einer der häufigsten Invasiven Mykosen. Die bekanntesten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer IA sind die Neutropenie, Organtransplantationen, hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantationen und Erkrankungen, die mit einer Kompromittierung des Immunsystems einhergehen. Erreger der Invasiven Aspergillose ist in nahezu 90 Prozent Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), ein ubiquitär vorkommender Schimmelpilz. Seine Verbreitung erfolgt aerogen durch Sporen, sogenannte Konidien, die aufgrund ihres geringen Durchmessers problemlos über die Atemwege in die Lunge gelangen können. Dendritische Zellen spielen als professionelle Antigen präsentierende Zellen eine wichtige Rolle in der Immunabwehr gegen A. fumigatus. Sie sind ein wichtiges Bindeglied zwischen angeborenem und adaptivem Immunsystem und sind mit einer Vielzahl von Rezeptoren (engl. pattern recognition receptor, PRR) zur Pathogen Erkennung ausgestattet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Interaktion ausgewählter C Typ Lektin (CLEC) Rezeptoren auf Subtypen dendritischer Zellen (DCs) mit verschiedenen A. fumigtaus Morphologien untersucht. Es wurde mit in vitro generierten Monozyten abgeleiteten (moDCs) und in vivo vorkommenden myeloiden dendritischen Zellen (mDCs) gearbeitet und die Expression von CLEC4A, CLEC6A, CLEC7A, CLEC12A und CLEC4E und eine mögliche Regulation der Rezeptoren nach Stimulation mit Konidien, geschwollenen Konidien oder Keimschläuchen untersucht. Hierbei wurde bei beiden Subtypen eine Herabregulation von CLEC4A, CLEC7A und CLEC12A beobachtet. Dies ist vereinbar mit der Tatsache, dass C Typ Lektin Rezeptoren nicht nur eine Rolle bei der Pathogen Erkennung spielen, sondern auch als Phagozytose Rezeptoren fungieren. Auf molekularbiologischer Ebene wurde in Analysen von moDCs ebenfalls eine Reduktion der relativen mRNA Expression von CLEC4A, CLEC6A, CLEC7A und CLEC12A beobachtet. Weiterhin wurden die Auswirkungen einer Rezeptorblockade von CLEC7A mittels blockierender Antikörper auf das Maturierungsverhalten und Zytokinprofil beider Subtypen analysiert. Hier konnte durch die Zugabe eines CLEC7A blockierenden Antikörpers vor Stimulation mit A. fumigatus Konidien oder depletiertem Zymosan die Maturierung effektiv inhibiert werden. Die Sekretion der pro inflammatorischen Zytokine Tumornekrosefaktor α, Interleukin 8 und 1β, als auch des anti inflammatorischen Zytokins Interleukin 10 war durch die Rezeptorblockade ebenfalls signifikant vermindert. Diese Erkenntnisse stützen die bislang relativ gut untersuchte Rolle von CLEC7A auf Monozyten abgeleiteten dendritischen Zellen als spezifischen Rezeptor für A. fumigatus. Darüber hinaus konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass CLEC7A ebenfalls auf mDCs an der Erkennung von A. fumigatus und Initiierung einer Immunantwort beteiligt ist. Diese Tatsache ist von Bedeutung, da die beiden Subtypen nicht ohne weiteres miteinander verglichen werden können und die Relevanz von in vivo vorkommen myeloiden dendritischen Zellen an einer Immunantwort gegen A. fumigatus bislang noch viele Fragen offen lässt. Es bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen, insbesondere funktionaler Analysen von intrazellulären Signalwegen um ein besseres Verständnis zu erlangen. Die Übertragung in ein Tiermodell und die gezielte Ausschaltung von C Typ Lektin Rezeptor Genen könnte ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsprojekte sein. N2 - Fungal infections are among the most common infections in humans. Most of them are minor superficial infections whereas invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates due to difficulties in diagnosis and limited therpeutic options. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most significant invasive fungal infection with 200.000 estimated life-threatening infections per year worldwide. Known risk factors are neutropenia, solid organ transplantation, haematopoetic stem cell transplantation and other immunosuppressive conditions. IA is caused primarily by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus), an opportunistic pathogenic mould with a worldwide distribution. Hundreds of airborne spores are inhaled daily into the human lung. Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells and have an important role in the immune response against A. fumigatus. They are the sentinels of the immune system by bridging innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens and express a large number of different pattern recognition receptors. This study aimed to analyze the interaction between selected C-type lectin (CLEC) receptors on human dendritic cell subsets and different A. fumigatus morphotypes. Therefore we analyzed the expression and regulation of CLEC4A, CLEC6A, CLEC7A, CLEC12A and CLEC4E on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), which were generated in vitro, and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), which were directly isolated from peripheral blood. We show that CLEC4A, CLEC7A and CLEC12A are down-regulated in the presence of A. fumigatus on both substes, consistent with their role as pathogen-recognition receptors and phagocytic receptors. mRNA expression of CLEC4A, CLEC6A, CLEC7A and CLEC12A was also down-regulated after confrontation with A. fumigatus. In addition we investigated the effect of blocking CLEC7A, using a specific antibody, on cell maturation and cytokine profiles. Blocking of CLEC7A diminished the expression of maturation markers on both dendritic cell subsets and inhibited cytokine release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β as well as of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings support the role of CLEC7A on moDCs as specific receptor for A. fumigatus and furthermore confirme that CLEC7A is involved in the recognition of A. fumigatus and inducing immune responses on primary human mDCs. This is of special relevance as both subsets do not necessarily show the same biological behavior, stimulatory capability and pattern recognition receptors and the role of mDCs for initiating immune responses against A. fumigatus leaves many questions unanswered so far. Further investigations, in particular functional analyses of intracellular pathways, are necessary to acquire a deeper knowledge. Transfer to an animal model or targeted gene knock-out of C-type lectin receptors could be next steps in future research. KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - Immunsystem KW - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Infektiologie KW - Dendritische Zellen KW - C-Typ Lektin Rezeptoren KW - Dectin-1 KW - Zytokine Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166636 ER -