TY - JOUR A1 - Poetzsch, Tristan A1 - Germanakos, Panagiotis A1 - Huestegge, Lynn T1 - Toward a Taxonomy for Adaptive Data Visualization in Analytics Applications JF - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence N2 - Data analytics as a field is currently at a crucial point in its development, as a commoditization takes place in the context of increasing amounts of data, more user diversity, and automated analysis solutions, the latter potentially eliminating the need for expert analysts. A central hypothesis of the present paper is that data visualizations should be adapted to both the user and the context. This idea was initially addressed in Study 1, which demonstrated substantial interindividual variability among a group of experts when freely choosing an option to visualize data sets. To lay the theoretical groundwork for a systematic, taxonomic approach, a user model combining user traits, states, strategies, and actions was proposed and further evaluated empirically in Studies 2 and 3. The results implied that for adapting to user traits, statistical expertise is a relevant dimension that should be considered. Additionally, for adapting to user states different user intentions such as monitoring and analysis should be accounted for. These results were used to develop a taxonomy which adapts visualization recommendations to these (and other) factors. A preliminary attempt to validate the taxonomy in Study 4 tested its visualization recommendations with a group of experts. While the corresponding results were somewhat ambiguous overall, some aspects nevertheless supported the claim that a user-adaptive data visualization approach based on the principles outlined in the taxonomy can indeed be useful. While the present approach to user adaptivity is still in its infancy and should be extended (e.g., by testing more participants), the general approach appears to be very promising. KW - graph adaptivity KW - data visualization KW - user model KW - analytics KW - graph ergonomics KW - recommendation engine Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202074 SN - 2624-8212 VL - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liesner, Marvin A1 - Kirsch, Wladimir A1 - Pfister, Roland A1 - Kunde, Wilfried T1 - Spatial action-effect binding depends on type of action-effect transformation JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics N2 - Spatial action–effect binding denotes the mutual attraction between the perceived position of an effector (e.g., one’s own hand) and a distal object that is controlled by this effector. Such spatial binding can be construed as an implicit measure of object ownership, thus the belonging of a controlled object to the own body. The current study investigated how different transformations of hand movements (body-internal action component) into movements of a visual object (body-external action component) affect spatial action–effect binding, and thus implicit object ownership. In brief, participants had to bring a cursor on the computer screen into a predefined target position by moving their occluded hand on a tablet and had to estimate their final hand position. In Experiment 1, we found a significantly lower drift of the proprioceptive position of the hand towards the visual object when hand movements were transformed into laterally inverted cursor movements, rather than cursor movements in the same direction. Experiment 2 showed that this reduction reflected an elimination of spatial action–effect binding in the inverted condition. The results are discussed with respect to the prerequisites for an experience of ownership over artificial, noncorporeal objects. Our results show that predictability of an object movement alone is not a sufficient condition for ownership because, depending on the type of transformation, integration of the effector and a distal object can be fully abolished even under conditions of full controllability. KW - action–effect compatibility KW - agency KW - body ownership KW - ideomotor theory KW - proprioceptive drift KW - spatial binding KW - tool use Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232781 SN - 1943-3921 VL - 82 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Endlich, Darius A1 - Richter, Tobias A1 - Marx, Peter A1 - Lenhard, Wolfgang A1 - Moll, Kristina A1 - Witzel, Björn A1 - Schulte-Körne, Gerd T1 - Spelling Error Detection : A Valid and Economical Task for Assessing Spelling Skills in Elementary-School Children JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie N2 - The ability to spell words correctly is a key competence for educational and professional achievement. Economical procedures are essential to identifying children with spelling problems as early as possible. Given the strong evidence showing that reading and spelling are based on the same orthographic knowledge, error-detection tasks (EDTs) could be considered such an economical procedure. Although EDTs are widely used in English-speaking countries, the few studies in German-speaking countries investigated only pupils in secondary school. The present study investigated N = 1,513 children in elementary school. We predicted spelling competencies (measured by dictation or gap-fill dictation) based on an EDT via linear regression. Error-detection abilities significantly predicted spelling competencies (R² between .509 and .679), indicating a strong connection. Predictive values in identifying children with poor spelling abilities with an EDT proved to be sufficient. Error detection for the assessment of spelling skills is therefore a valid instrument for transparent languages as well. N2 - Rechtschreibung zählt zu den Schlüsselkompetenzen für schulischen und beruflichen Erfolg. Um Kinder mit Rechtschreibproblemen adäquat zu unterstützen, ist eine frühe, möglichst niederschwellige Diagnostik essenziell. Aufgaben, in denen Rechtschreibfehler in präsentierten Texten zu identifizieren sind, könnten derartige ökonomische Verfahren darstellen. Obgleich Fehleridentifikationstests im angloamerikanischen Sprachraum weit verbreitet sind, haben sich die wenigen Studien im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher ausschließlich mit Kindern der Sekundarstufe beschäftigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte in vier unabhängigen Studien N = 1.513 Grundschulkinder. Mittels linearer Regressionen wurden Rechtschreibkompetenzen (erhoben durch Fließ- und Lückendiktate) durch Leistungen in Fehleridentifikationstests vorhergesagt. Leistungen im Fehleridentifikationstest sagten Rechtschreibkompetenzen in allen Studien signifikant voraus (R² zwischen .509 und .679), was eine starke Assoziation der beiden Maße belegt. Prädiktive Werte zur Identifikation von Kindern mit schwachen Rechtschreibleistungen durch den Fehleridentifikationstest waren gut. Fehleridentifikation als Maß für Rechtschreibkompetenzen ist damit ein valides Instrument nicht nur für den angloamerikanischen Sprachraum, sondern auch für transparente Sprachen. T2 - Fehleridentifikation: Ein valides und ökonomisches Verfahren zur Erfassung von Rechtschreibkompetenzen in der Grundschule KW - spelling KW - dictation KW - error detection KW - developmental dyslexia KW - diagnosis KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Diktat KW - Fehleridentifikation KW - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung KW - Diagnose Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244665 SN - 0049-8637 SN - 2190-6262 VL - 52 IS - 1-2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Liyu A1 - Chen, Xinyu A1 - Haendel, Barbara F. T1 - Overground Walking Decreases Alpha Activity and Entrains Eye Movements in Humans JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience N2 - Experiments in animal models have shown that running increases neuronal activity in early visual areas in light as well as in darkness. This suggests that visual processing is influenced by locomotion independent of visual input. Combining mobile electroencephalography, motion- and eye-tracking, we investigated the influence of overground free walking on cortical alpha activity (~10 Hz) and eye movements in healthy humans. Alpha activity has been considered a valuable marker of inhibition of sensory processing and shown to negatively correlate with neuronal firing rates. We found that walking led to a decrease in alpha activity over occipital cortex compared to standing. This decrease was present during walking in darkness as well as during light. Importantly, eye movements could not explain the change in alpha activity. Nevertheless, we found that walking and eye related movements were linked. While the blink rate increased with increasing walking speed independent of light or darkness, saccade rate was only significantly linked to walking speed in the light. Pupil size, on the other hand, was larger during darkness than during light, but only showed a modulation by walking in darkness. Analyzing the effect of walking with respect to the stride cycle, we further found that blinks and saccades preferentially occurred during the double support phase of walking. Alpha power, as shown previously, was lower during the swing phase than during the double support phase. We however could exclude the possibility that the alpha modulation was introduced by a walking movement induced change in electrode impedance. Overall, our work indicates that the human visual system is influenced by the current locomotion state of the body. This influence affects eye movement pattern as well as neuronal activity in sensory areas and might form part of an implicit strategy to optimally extract sensory information during locomotion. KW - mobile EEG KW - alpha oscillations KW - blinks KW - saccades KW - locomotion KW - pupil size KW - walking phase KW - motor entrainment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219872 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wertgen, Andreas G. A1 - Richter, Tobias T1 - Source credibility modulates the validation of implausible information JF - Memory & Cognition N2 - Validation of text information as a general mechanism for detecting inconsistent or false information is an integral part of text comprehension. This study examined how the credibility of the information source affects validation processes. Two experiments investigated combined effects of source credibility and plausibility of information during validation with explicit (ratings) and implicit (reading times) measurements. Participants read short stories with a high-credible versus low-credible person that stated a consistent or inconsistent assertion with general world knowledge. Ratings of plausibility and ratings of source credibility were lower when a credible source stated a world-knowledge inconsistent assertion compared with a low-credible source. Reading times on target sentences and on spillover sentences were slower when a credible source stated an assertion inconsistent with world knowledge compared with a low-credible source, suggesting that source information modulated the validation of implausible information. These results show that source credibility modulates validation and suggest a bidirectional relationship of perceived plausibility and source credibility in the reading process. KW - validation KW - plausibility KW - sourcing KW - credibility KW - text comprehension Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234825 SN - 0090-502X VL - 48 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gesell, Nathalie A1 - Niklas, Frank A1 - Schmiedeler, Sandra A1 - Segerer, Robin T1 - Mindfulness and romantic relationship outcomes: the mediating role of conflict resolution styles and closeness JF - Mindfulness N2 - Objectives The association of mindfulness and romantic relationship outcomes such as partnership quality and satisfaction is well-established; however, the mechanisms of action are not yet clear. The current study tested conflict resolution styles and closeness as possible mediating factors. We hypothesized that trait mindfulness would increase the use of constructive conflict resolution styles (positive problem solving), decrease the use of destructive styles (conflict engagement, withdrawal, and compliance), and promote feelings of closeness between partners, which in turn would predict positive relationship outcomes (namely partnership quality, partnership satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction). Methods A total of 209 individuals (86% German, 76% female, mean age = 32 years) living in a relationship (31% married) participated in an online questionnaire. Results Mediation analyses revealed that positive problem solving mediated the association between mindfulness and partnership quality with b = .09 (95% CI = .03–.17), mindfulness and partnership satisfaction with b = .07 (95% CI = .02–.13), and mindfulness and sexual satisfaction with b = .04 (95% CI = .00–.10). Furthermore, a mediating role of withdrawal and closeness was shown for individual relationship outcomes. Conclusions Findings suggest that more positive problem solving, less withdrawal, and more closeness are mechanisms by which mindfulness is associated with positive relationship outcomes. The results of our study thus broaden our understanding of the processes that underlie fulfilling romantic relationships and, in turn, underline the positive effects of mindfulness. KW - mindfulness KW - trait mindfulness KW - romantic relationship KW - relationship satisfaction KW - closeness KW - conflict resolution Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235080 SN - 1868-8527 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hauf, Juliane E. K. A1 - Nieding, Gerhild A1 - Seger, Benedikt T. T1 - The development of dynamic perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension JF - Cognitive Processing N2 - Based on an embodied account of language comprehension, this study investigated the dynamic characteristics of children and adults’ perceptual simulations during sentence comprehension, using a novel paradigm to assess the perceptual simulation of objects moving up and down a vertical axis. The participants comprised adults (N = 40) and 6-, 8-, and 10-year-old children (N = 116). After listening in experimental trials to sentences implying that objects moved upward or downward, the participants were shown pictures and had to decide as quickly as possible whether the objects depicted had been mentioned in the sentences. The target pictures moved either up or down and then stopped in the middle of the screen. All age groups’ reaction times were found to be shorter when the objects moved in the directions that the sentences implied. Age exerted no developmental effect on reaction times. The findings suggest that dynamic perceptual simulations are fundamental to language comprehension in text recipients aged 6 and older. KW - embodied cognition KW - sentence comprehension KW - dynamic perceptual simulation; KW - children KW - adults Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283665 VL - 21 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Huestegge, Sujata Maya T1 - Cognitive mechanisms of voice processing T1 - Kognitive Verarbeitung von Stimminformation N2 - The present thesis addresses cognitive processing of voice information. Based on general theoretical concepts regarding mental processes it will differentiate between modular, abstract information processing approaches to cognition and interactive, embodied ideas of mental processing. These general concepts will then be transferred to the context of processing voice-related information in the context of parallel face-related processing streams. One central issue here is whether and to what extent cognitive voice processing can occur independently, that is, encapsulated from the simultaneous processing of visual person-related information (and vice versa). In Study 1 (Huestegge & Raettig, in press), participants are presented with audio-visual stimuli displaying faces uttering digits. Audiovisual gender congruency was manipulated: There were male and female faces, each uttering digits with either a male or female voice (all stimuli were AV- synchronized). Participants were asked to categorize the gender of either the face or the voice by pressing one of two keys in each trial. A central result was that audio-visual gender congruency affected performance: Incongruent stimuli were categorized slower and more error-prone, suggesting a strong cross-modal interaction of the underlying visual and auditory processing routes. Additionally, the effect of incongruent visual information on auditory classification was stronger than the effect of incongruent auditory information on visual categorization, suggesting visual dominance over auditory processing in the context of gender classification. A gender congruency effect was also present under high cognitive load. Study 2 (Huestegge, Raettig, & Huestegge, in press) utilized the same (gender-congruent and -incongruent) stimuli, but different tasks for the participants, namely categorizing the spoken digits (into odd/even or smaller/larger than 5). This should effectively direct attention away from gender information, which was no longer task-relevant. Nevertheless, congruency effects were still observed in this study. This suggests a relatively automatic processing of cross-modal gender information, which eventually affects basic speech-based information processing. Study 3 (Huestegge, subm.) focused on the ability of participants to match unfamiliar voices to (either static or dynamic) faces. One result was that participants were indeed able to match voices to faces. Moreover, there was no evidence for any performance increase when dynamic (vs. mere static) faces had to be matched to concurrent voices. The results support the idea that common person-related source information affects both vocal and facial features, and implicit corresponding knowledge appears to be used by participants to successfully complete face-voice matching. Taken together, the three studies (Huestegge, subm.; Huestegge & Raettig, in press; Huestegge et al., in press) provided information to further develop current theories of voice processing (in the context of face processing). On a general level, the results of all three studies are not in line with an abstract, modular view of cognition, but rather lend further support to interactive, embodied accounts of mental processing. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation thematisiert die kognitive Verarbeitung von Stimminformation. Basierend auf allgemeinen theoretischen Vorstellungen zu mentalen Prozessen wird zunächst unterschieden in modulare, abstrakte Informationsverarbeitungsansätze und interaktive, verkörperte Vorstellungen kognitiver Prozesse. Diese allgemeinen Vorstellungen werden dann am Beispiel der Verarbeitung von Stimminformation im Kontext der parallel dazu ablaufenden Gesichterverarbeitung konkretisiert. Es geht also u.a. darum, inwiefern kognitive Stimmverarbeitung unbeeinflusst von der gleichzeitigen Verarbeitung von visueller Personeninformation ablaufen kann (und umgekehrt). In Studie 1 (Huestegge & Raettig, in press) werden Probanden audiovisuelle Stimuli dargeboten, bei denen Gesichter Ziffern aussprechen. Manipuliert wird die Geschlechtskongruenz der Stimuli: Es gibt männliche und weibliche Gesichter, die je entweder mit einer männlichen oder weiblichen Stimme synchronisiert wurden. Probanden sollen entweder nur auf die Stimme oder nur auf das visuelle Gesicht achten und jeweils das Geschlecht per Tastendruck kategorisieren. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass es für die Kategorisierungsleistung eine Rolle spielt, ob es sich um geschlechts-kongruente oder –inkongruente Stimuli handelt: Letztere wurden langsamer bzw. mit höherer Fehleranfälligkeit kategorisiert, was für eine starke cross-modale Interaktion der zugrundeliegenden visuellen und akustischen Verarbeitungsrouten spricht. Dabei wirkte sich inkongruente visuelle Information stärker auf die Stimmbeurteilung aus als inkongruente Stimminformation auf die visuelle Beurteilung, was auf eine Dominanz visueller gegenüber akustischer Informationsverarbeitung hindeutet. Unter starker kognitiver Belastung konnte ebenfalls ein Kongruenzeffekt nachgewiesen werden. In Studie 2 (Huestegge, Raettig, & Huestegge, in press) wurde dasselbe Stimulusmaterial verwendet, aber kategorisiert werden sollten nun die gesprochenen Ziffern (z.B. in gerade/ungerade oder größer/kleiner 5). Damit ist in der Instruktion die Aufmerksamkeit von der Geschlechtsdimension weggelenkt. Dennoch fanden sich auch hier Geschlechtskongruenzeffekte auf die Ziffernkategorisierung, was für eine relativ automatische Verarbeitung von cross-modaler Geschlechtsinformation spricht, die sich dann auch auf die Sprachverarbeitung auswirken kann. In Studie 3 (Huestegge, subm.) wurde die Fähigkeit von Probanden untersucht, von einer Stimme auf das zugehörige (statisch oder dynamisch) dargebotene Gesicht zu schließen. Dies gelang den Probanden in überzufälliger Weise. Weiterhin konnte keine Evidenz dafür gefunden werden, dass bewegte (dynamische) Gesichter besser den Stimmen zugeordnet werden konnten als statische Gesichter. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass gemeinsame Quellinformation sich sowohl auf Stimme wie Gesichtsmerkmale auswirkt, und dass implizites Wissen hierüber von den Probanden genutzt wird, um Stimmen Gesichtern zuzuordnen. Insgesamt konnten die Ergebnisse der drei Studien (Huestegge, subm.; Huestegge & Raettig, in press; Huestegge et al., in press) dazu beitragen, bestehende Theorien der Stimm- und Gesichterverarbeitung entscheidend weiterzuentwickeln. Die Ergebnisse sind allgemein eher im Einklang mit einer stark interaktiven, verkörperten Sicht auf kognitive Prozesse, weniger mit einer modular-abstrakten Informationsverarbeitungsperspektive. KW - Stimme KW - Gesicht KW - Voice Processing KW - Stimmverarbeitung KW - Face Voice Matching KW - Informationsverarbeitung KW - Kognition Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186086 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rubo, Marius T1 - Social Attention in the Laboratory, in Real Life and in Virtual Reality T1 - Soziale Aufmerksamkeit im Labor, in vivo und in virtueller Realität N2 - Social attention is a ubiquitous, but also enigmatic and sometimes elusive phenomenon. We direct our gaze at other human beings to see what they are doing and to guess their intentions, but we may also absorb social events en passant as they unfold in the corner of the eye. We use our gaze as a discrete communication channel, sometimes conveying pieces of information which would be difficult to explicate, but we may also find ourselves avoiding eye-contact with others in moments when self-disclosure is fear-laden. We experience our gaze as the most genuine expression of our will, but research also suggests considerable levels of predictability and automaticity in our gaze behavior. The phenomenon’s complexity has hindered researchers from developing a unified framework which can conclusively accommodate all of its aspects, or from even agreeing on the most promising research methodologies. The present work follows a multi-methods approach, taking on several aspects of the phenomenon from various directions. Participants in study 1 viewed dynamic social scenes on a computer screen. Here, low-level physical saliency (i.e. color, contrast, or motion) and human heads both attracted gaze to a similar extent, providing a comparison of two vastly different classes of gaze predictors in direct juxtaposition. In study 2, participants with varying degrees of social anxiety walked in a public train station while their eye movements were tracked. With increasing levels of social anxiety, participants showed a relative avoidance of gaze at near compared to distant people. When replicating the experiment in a laboratory situation with a matched participant group, social anxiety did not modulate gaze behavior, fueling the debate around appropriate experimental designs in the field. Study 3 employed virtual reality (VR) to investigate social gaze in a complex and immersive, but still highly controlled situation. In this situation, participants exhibited a gaze behavior which may be more typical for real-life compared to laboratory situations as they avoided gaze contact with a virtual conspecific unless she gazed at them. This study provided important insights into gaze behavior in virtual social situations, helping to better estimate the possible benefits of this new research approach. Throughout all three experiments, participants showed consistent inter-individual differences in their gaze behavior. However, the present work could not resolve if these differences are linked to psychologically meaningful traits or if they instead have an epiphenomenal character. N2 - Soziale Aufmerksamkeit ist ein allgegenwärtiges, aber auch ein rätselhaftes Phänomen, das mitunter schwierig zu fassen ist. Wir richten unseren Blick auf andere Menschen, um ihr Tun zu verfolgen und um ihre Absichten einzuschätzen, aber manchmal verfolgen wir soziale Ereignisse auch ganz beiläufig aus dem Augenwinkel heraus. Wir setzen unseren Blick als ein eigenes Kommunikationsmedium ein und übertragen mit ihm teilweise Botschaften, die nur schwer zu beschreiben sind, aber wir weichen mitunter dem Blickkontakt mit anderen auch aus, wenn wir Angst davor haben, zu viel von uns preiszugeben. Unser Blick stellt sich für uns als eine ureigene Äußerung unseres Willens dar, aber die Forschung hat auch gezeigt, dass unser Blickverhalten in beträchtlichem Maße vorhersehbar und automatisch abläuft. In der Vielschichtigkeit des Phänomens liegt für Forscher eine Hürde bei dem Versuch, alle seine Aspekte schlüssig in ein umfassendes Bezugssystem einzuordnen, oder sich auch nur auf die vielversprechendsten Forschungsmethoden zu einigen. Die vorliegende Arbeit verbindet den Einsatz unterschiedlicher Methoden, um sich mehreren Aspekten des Phänomens aus verschiedenen Blickrichtungen zu nähern. Die Versuchspersonen in Studie 1 sahen dynamische soziale Szenen, die ihnen auf einem Computerbildschirm dargeboten wurden. Hierbei wurde ihr Blick in ähnlichem Maße von physikalischer Salienz (z.B. Farbe, Kontrast oder Bewegung) angezogen wie von menschlichen Köpfen, wodurch zwei ganz unterschiedliche Gruppen von Prädiktoren für Blickverhalten in direkter Gegenüberstellung verglichen wurden. In Studie 2 bewegten sich Versuchspersonen mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägter sozialer Ängstlichkeit zu Fuß in einem öffentlichen Bahnhof, während ihre Augenbewegungen erfasst wurden. Mit zunehmender sozialer Ängstlichkeit neigten Versuchspersonen dazu, nahe Personen im Gegensatz entfernteren Personen im Verhältnis weniger anzuschauen. Als das Experiment mit einer gematchten Gruppe von Versuchspersonen in einer Laborsituation wiederholt wurde, zeigte sich kein Einfluss der sozialen Ängstlichkeit auf das Blickverhalten, was der Diskussion um angemessene experimentelle Designs in diesem Forschungsbereich einen weiteren Impuls verlieh. In Studie 3 wurde Virtuelle Realität (VR) eingesetzt, um das Blickverhalten in einer komplexen und immersiven, aber dennoch streng kontrollierten Umgebung zu untersuchen. In dieser Situation zeigten Probanden ein Blickverhalten, das eher dem in echten Situationen als dem im Labor entspricht, indem sie direkten Blickkontakt mit einer virtuellen Person mieden, so lange diese sie nicht anschaute. Durch diese Studie konnten wichtige Erkenntnisse über das Blickverhalten in sozialen virtuellen Situationen gewonnen werden, wodurch der mögliche Nutzen dieses neuen Forschungsansatzes besser beurteilt werden kann. In allen drei Experimenten zeigten Versuchspersonen konsistente inter-individuelle Unterschiede in ihrem Blickverhalten. Es konnte jedoch im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit nicht geklärt werden, ob diese Unterschiede psychologisch bedeutsame Eigenschaften oder eher Epiphänomene darstellen. KW - Aufmerksamkeit KW - Soziale Wahrnehmung KW - social attention KW - eye-tracking KW - Psychologie KW - Virtuelle Realität KW - Soziale Aufmerksamkeit Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188452 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rayner, Christopher A1 - Coleman, Jonathan R. I. A1 - Purves, Kirstin L. A1 - Hodsoll, John A1 - Goldsmith, Kimberley A1 - Alpers, Georg W. A1 - Andersson, Evelyn A1 - Arolt, Volker A1 - Boberg, Julia A1 - Bögels, Susan A1 - Creswell, Cathy A1 - Cooper, Peter A1 - Curtis, Charles A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - El Alaoui, Samir A1 - Fehm, Lydia A1 - Fydrich, Thomas A1 - Gerlach, Alexander L. A1 - Grocholewski, Anja A1 - Hahlweg, Kurt A1 - Hamm, Alfons A1 - Hedman, Erik A1 - Heiervang, Einar R. A1 - Hudson, Jennifer L. A1 - Jöhren, Peter A1 - Keers, Robert A1 - Kircher, Tilo A1 - Lang, Thomas A1 - Lavebratt, Catharina A1 - Lee, Sang-hyuck A1 - Lester, Kathryn J. A1 - Lindefors, Nils A1 - Margraf, Jürgen A1 - Nauta, Maaike A1 - Pané-Farré, Christiane A. A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Rapee, Ronald M. A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Rief, Winfried A1 - Roberts, Susanna A1 - Schalling, Martin A1 - Schneider, Silvia A1 - Silverman, Wendy K. A1 - Ströhle, Andreas A1 - Teismann, Tobias A1 - Thastum, Mikael A1 - Wannemüller, Andre A1 - Weber, Heike A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Wolf, Christiane A1 - Rück, Christian A1 - Breen, Gerome A1 - Eley, Thalia C. T1 - A genome-wide association meta-analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - Major depressive disorder and the anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, disabling and moderately heritable. Depression and anxiety are also highly comorbid and have a strong genetic correlation (r(g) approximate to 1). Cognitive behavioural therapy is a leading evidence-based treatment but has variable outcomes. Currently, there are no strong predictors of outcome. Therapygenetics research aims to identify genetic predictors of prognosis following therapy. We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses of symptoms following cognitive behavioural therapy in adults with anxiety disorders (n = 972), adults with major depressive disorder (n = 832) and children with anxiety disorders (n = 920; meta-analysis n = 2724). We (h(SNP)(2)) and polygenic scoring was used to examine genetic associations between therapy outcomes and psychopathology, personality and estimated the variance in therapy outcomes that could be explained by common genetic variants learning. No single nucleotide polymorphisms were strongly associated with treatment outcomes. No significant estimate of h(SNP)(2) could be obtained, suggesting the heritability of therapy outcome is smaller than our analysis was powered to detect. Polygenic scoring failed to detect genetic overlap between therapy outcome and psychopathology, personality or learning. This study is the largest therapygenetics study to date. Results are consistent with previous, similarly powered genome-wide association studies of complex traits. KW - Human behaviour KW - Personalized medicine KW - Prognostic markers KW - Psychiatric disorders Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225048 VL - 9 IS - 150 ER -