TY - JOUR A1 - Hommers, Wilfried T1 - Zur Gültigkeit des objektiven Erwartungsmaximierungsmodells beim Entscheidungsverhalten von Schulkindern N2 - Frühere Untersuchungen zum Entscheidungsverhalten von Kindern lassen zwei Interpretationen sogenannter lagebedingter Wahlen zu. Entscheidungen von 8- bis 14jährigen Schülern zeigten, daß sich lagebedingte Wahlen als orientiert am Erwartungsmaximum bezeichnen lassen. Die Beziehung zwischen Orientierung am Erwartungsmaximum und den Variablen Alter, Schulzugehörigkeit und Vorerfahrung erwies sich als positiv. Weiterhin konnte die Abhängigkeit der Wahlhäufigkeit des Erwartungsmaximums von der Hervorgehobenheit des Erwartungsmaximums nachgewiesen werden. Die Gültigkeit des objektiven Erwartungsmaximierungsmodells mußte aber wegen verschiedener Befunde eingeschränkt werden. N2 - Previous investigations on the decisive behabiour of children allow two interpretations of so-called situation-related choices. Decisions of students aged 8 to 14 years showed that choices due to situations may be regarded as oriented toward the expectation maximum. The relation between this orientation and variables such as age, type of school and previous experience proved to be positive. Furthermore it was verified that the frequency of choice of the expectation maximum depends on the accentuation of the expectation maximum. However, the validity of the objective model of expectation maximation had to bc restricted because of various findings KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1975 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-43784 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schumann, Frank A1 - Steinborn, Michael B. A1 - Kürten, Jens A1 - Cao, Liyu A1 - Händel, Barbara Friederike A1 - Huestegge, Lynn T1 - Restoration of attention by rest in a multitasking world: theory, methodology, and empirical evidence JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - In this work, we evaluate the status of both theory and empirical evidence in the field of experimental rest-break research based on a framework that combines mental-chronometry and psychometric-measurement theory. To this end, we (1) provide a taxonomy of rest breaks according to which empirical studies can be classified (e.g., by differentiating between long, short, and micro-rest breaks based on context and temporal properties). Then, we (2) evaluate the theorizing in both the basic and applied fields of research and explain how popular concepts (e.g., ego depletion model, opportunity cost theory, attention restoration theory, action readiness, etc.) relate to each other in contemporary theoretical debates. Here, we highlight differences between all these models in the light of two symbolic categories, termed the resource-based and satiation-based model, including aspects related to the dynamics and the control (strategic or non-strategic) mechanisms at work. Based on a critical assessment of existing methodological and theoretical approaches, we finally (3) provide a set of guidelines for both theory building and future empirical approaches to the experimental study of rest breaks. We conclude that a psychometrically advanced and theoretically focused research of rest and recovery has the potential to finally provide a sound scientific basis to eventually mitigate the adverse effects of ever increasing task demands on performance and well-being in a multitasking world at work and leisure. KW - rest breaks KW - attention restoration theory KW - cognitive resources KW - mental fatigue KW - ego depletion KW - multitasking KW - energy management KW - motivated cognition Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267913 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matuz, Tamara A1 - Birbaumer, Niels A1 - Hautzinger, Martin A1 - Kübler, Andrea T1 - Psychosocial adjustment to ALS: a longitudinal study JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - For the current study the Lazarian stress-coping theory and the appendant model of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disabilities (Pakenham, 1999) has shaped the foundation for identifying determinants of adjustment to ALS. We aimed to investigate the evolution of psychosocial adjustment to ALS and to determine its long-term predictors. A longitudinal study design with four measurement time points was therefore, used to assess patients' quality of life, depression, and stress-coping model related aspects, such as illness characteristics, social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies during a period of 2 years. Regression analyses revealed that 55% of the variance of severity of depressive symptoms and 47% of the variance in quality of life at T2 was accounted for by all the T1 predictor variables taken together. On the level of individual contributions, protective buffering, and appraisal of own coping potential accounted for a significant percentage in the variance in severity of depressive symptoms, whereas problem management coping strategies explained variance in quality of life scores. Illness characteristics at T2 did not explain any variance of both adjustment outcomes. Overall, the pattern of the longitudinal results indicated stable depressive symptoms and quality of life indices reflecting a successful adjustment to the disease across four measurement time points during a period of about two years. Empirical evidence is provided for the predictive value of social support, cognitive appraisals, and coping strategies, but not illness parameters such as severity and duration for adaptation to ALS. The current study contributes to a better conceptualization of adjustment, allowing us to provide evidence-based support beyond medical and physical intervention for people with ALS. KW - ALS KW - coping KW - depression KW - quality of life KW - longitudinal assessment Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190208 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 IS - 1197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strack, Fritz A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Weyers, Peter T1 - Editorial: Emotion and Behavior JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - No abstract available. KW - emotions KW - behavior KW - approach KW - avoidance KW - impulsive behavior Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190177 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 IS - 313 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eder, Andreas B. A1 - Rothermund, Klaus A1 - Hommel, Bernhard T1 - Commentary: Contrasting motivational orientation and evaluative coding accounts: on the need to differentiate the effectors of approach/avoidance responses JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - A commentary on "Contrasting motivational orientation and evaluative coding accounts: on the need to differentiate the effectors of approach/avoidance responses" by Kozlik, J., Neumann, R., and Lozo, L. (2015). Front. Psychol. 6:563. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00563 KW - evaluative coding account KW - motivational systems KW - approach-avoidance KW - stimulus-response compatibility KW - Theory of Event Coding (TEC) Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190141 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 IS - 163 ER -