TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Marietta A1 - Hildebrand, Maria A1 - Menzel, Ursula A1 - Fahy, Niamh A1 - Alini, Mauro A1 - Lang, Siegmund A1 - Benneker, Lorin A1 - Verrier, Sophie A1 - Stoddart, Martin J. A1 - Bara, Jennifer J. T1 - Phenotypic characterization of bone marrow mononuclear cells and derived stromal cell populations from human iliac crest, vertebral body and femoral head JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - (1) In vitro, bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) demonstrate inter-donor phenotypic variability, which presents challenges for the development of regenerative therapies. Here, we investigated whether the frequency of putative BMSC sub-populations within the freshly isolated mononuclear cell fraction of bone marrow is phenotypically predictive for the in vitro derived stromal cell culture. (2) Vertebral body, iliac crest, and femoral head bone marrow were acquired from 33 patients (10 female and 23 male, age range 14–91). BMSC sub-populations were identified within freshly isolated mononuclear cell fractions based on cell-surface marker profiles. Stromal cells were expanded in monolayer on tissue culture plastic. Phenotypic assessment of in vitro derived cell cultures was performed by examining growth kinetics, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. (3) Gender, donor age, and anatomical site were neither predictive for the total yield nor the population doubling time of in vitro derived BMSC cultures. The abundance of freshly isolated progenitor sub-populations (CD45−CD34−CD73+, CD45−CD34−CD146+, NG2+CD146+) was not phenotypically predictive of derived stromal cell cultures in terms of growth kinetics nor plasticity. BMSCs derived from iliac crest and vertebral body bone marrow were more responsive to chondrogenic induction, forming superior cartilaginous tissue in vitro, compared to those isolated from femoral head. (4) The identification of discrete progenitor populations in bone marrow by current cell-surface marker profiling is not predictive for subsequently derived in vitro BMSC cultures. Overall, the iliac crest and the vertebral body offer a more reliable tissue source of stromal progenitor cells for cartilage repair strategies compared to femoral head. KW - bone marrow stromal cells KW - MSC KW - pericytes KW - femoral head KW - vertebral body KW - iliac crest KW - chondrogenesis Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285054 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmalzl, J. A1 - Plumhoff, P. A1 - Gilbert, F. A1 - Gohlke, F. A1 - Konrads, C. A1 - Brunner, U. A1 - Jakob, F. A1 - Ebert, R. A1 - Steinert, AF T1 - The inflamed biceps tendon as a pain generator in the shoulder: A histological and biomolecular analysis JF - Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery N2 - Introduction: The long head of the biceps (LHB) is often resected in shoulder surgery. However, its contribution to inflammatory processes in the shoulder remains unclear. In the present study, inflamed and noninflamed human LHBs were comparatively characterized for features of inflammation. Materials and methods: Twenty-two resected LHB tendons were classified into inflamed (n = 11) and noninflamed (n = 11) samples. For histological examination, samples were stained with hematoxylin eosin, Azan, van Gieson, and Masson Goldner trichrome. Neuronal tissue was immunohistochemically visualized. In addition, specific inflammatory marker gene expression of primary LHB-derived cell cultures were analyzed. Results: Features of tendinopathy, such as collagen disorganization, infiltration by inflammatory cells, neovascularization, and extensive neuronal innervation were found in the tendinitis group. Compared to noninflamed samples, inflamed LHBs showed a significantly increased inflammatory marker gene expression Conclusion: Structural and biomolecular differences of both groups suggest that the LHB tendon acts as an important pain generator in the shoulder joint. These findings can, on the one hand, contribute to the understanding of the biomolecular genesis of LHB tendinitis and, on the other hand, provide possibilities for new therapeutic approaches. KW - biceps tendinitis KW - biomolecular processes KW - inflammatory gene KW - interleukin KW - long head of biceps tendon KW - pain generator KW - shoulder pain Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228611 VL - 27 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nüsslein, Nicolai T1 - Mobile Inlay versus Fixed Inlay: Ein Vergleich kurz- und mittelfristiger radiologischer Ergebnisse nach Prothesenimplantation im oberen Sprunggelenk T1 - Mobile Inlay versus Fixed Inlay: A comparison of radiological short- and mid-term results after total ankle replacement N2 - Prothesennahe osteolytische Läsionen in Form von Lysesäumen und Zysten sind wegen des Risikos einer aseptischen Lockerung mitunter die häufigsten Gründe für ein Prothesenversagen in der Sprunggelenkendoprothetik. Die Genese dieser osteolytischen Läsionen ist aktuell noch nicht abschließend geklärt, bei weitestgehender Übereinstimmung in der Literatur jedoch multifaktoriell. Die Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Vergleich des kurz- bis mittelfristigen radiologischen Outcomes zweier unterschiedlicher Spunggelenkendoprothesen, welche jedoch - bis auf die Befestigungsart des Inlays - nahezu baugleich sind. Dabei wurde überprüft, ob die Befestigungsart des Inlays (mobil oder fixiert) einen Einfluss auf die Ausbildung periprothetischer Lysesäume und Zysten im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum hat. Es erfolgte zudem ein Vergleich der Survival Rates beider Gruppen. Zu den jährlichen Nachbeobachtungszeiträumen wurden die angefertigten Röntgenbilder auf die Ausbildung von relevanten prothesennahen Zysten und Lysesäumen hin untersucht. Zusammenfassend ergab sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen in Hinsicht auf die Entstehung prothesennaher Zysten sowohl bezüglich der Gesamtzahl sowie des betroffenen Knochens kein signifikanter Unterschied, obwohl Zysten in der Gruppe mit mobilem Inlay insgesamt häufiger auftraten. Auch in Hinsicht auf die Entstehung von Lysesäumen gab es bezüglich der Gesamtzahl keinen signifikanten Unterschied. In der Gruppe mit fixiertem Inlay kamen allerdings prothesennahe Lysesäume in der Tibia signifikant häufiger vor als in der Gruppe mit mobilem Inlay. In Hinsicht auf die Survival Rates zeigte sich ebenfalls kein signifikanter Unterschied. Weitere prospektive, randomisierte Studien mit größeren Patientenkollektiven und längerem Followup werden nötig sein, um im Verlauf einen zu erwartenden signifikanten Unterschied zwischen beiden Prothesengruppen bezüglich der Entstehung prothesennaher osteolytischer Läsionen und ein konsekutives Prothesenversagen feststellen zu können. N2 - Osteolytic lesions in periprosthetic bone tissue – in the shape of radiolucent lines or cysts – are one of the greatest risks for overall survival in total ankle arthroplasty because they can lead to aseptic loosening in the long run. The genesis of such lesions is still not entirely clear but has been described as multifactorial in current literature. This dissertation aims to compare the short- to mid-term radiological results of two total ankle prostheses of nearly identical design except for the bearing of the inlay (mobile versus fixed). The main goal was to find out if the type of bearing has an influence on the formation of periprosthetic osteolytic lesions. Moreover, a survival rate analysis was performed. For the annual follow-up, x-rays were analyzed to detect above mentioned osteolytic lesions. In summary, there was no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups in terms of cyst formation regarding the total number and affected bone, although cyst formation in the mobile bearing group was more prevalent. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the overall number of radiolucent lines, however they were significantly more frequent in the tibial bone in the fixed bearing group. There was also no statistically significant difference concerning the overall survival rates. Further randomized prospective studies with greater patient numbers and longer follow-up will be necessary to detect a significant difference concerning the formation of osteolytic lesions and overall survival in the two patient groups in the future. KW - Prothetik KW - Spunggelenkendoprothetik KW - Periprothetische Zyste KW - Periprothetischer Lysesaum KW - periprosthetic osteolysis KW - total ankle arthroplasty KW - total ankle replacement KW - Osteolyse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317496 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borojević, Ana A1 - Jauković, Aleksandra A1 - Kukolj, Tamara A1 - Mojsilović, Slavko A1 - Obradović, Hristina A1 - Trivanović, Drenka A1 - Živanović, Milena A1 - Zečević, Željko A1 - Simić, Marija A1 - Gobeljić, Borko A1 - Vujić, Dragana A1 - Bugarski, Diana T1 - Vitamin D3 stimulates proliferation capacity, expression of pluripotency markers, and osteogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, partly through SIRT1 signaling JF - Biomolecules N2 - The biology of vitamin D3 is well defined, as are the effects of its active metabolites on various cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). However, the biological potential of its precursor, cholecalciferol (VD3), has not been sufficiently investigated, although its significance in regenerative medicine — mainly in combination with various biomaterial matrices — has been recognized. Given that VD3 preconditioning might also contribute to the improvement of cellular regenerative potential, the aim of this study was to investigate its effects on bone marrow (BM) MSC functions and the signaling pathways involved. For that purpose, the influence of VD3 on BM-MSCs obtained from young human donors was determined via MTT test, flow cytometric analysis, immunocytochemistry, and qRT-PCR. Our results revealed that VD3, following a 5-day treatment, stimulated proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers (NANOG, SOX2, and Oct4), and osteogenic differentiation potential in BM-MSCs, while it reduced their senescence. Moreover, increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression was detected upon treatment with VD3, which mediated VD3-promoted osteogenesis and, partially, the stemness features through NANOG and SOX2 upregulation. In contrast, the effects of VD3 on proliferation, Oct4 expression, and senescence were SIRT1-independent. Altogether, these data indicate that VD3 has strong potential to modulate BM-MSCs' features, partially through SIRT1 signaling, although the precise mechanisms merit further investigation. KW - bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) KW - vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, VD3) KW - SIRT1 KW - regenerative potential KW - stemness KW - osteogenesis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262203 SN - 2218-273X VL - 12 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Leucht, Maximilian T1 - Charakterisierung der zellulären Signatur und Zusammensetzung von Knochenmarks-MSC aus osteoarthrotischen Hüften T1 - Characterization of the cellular signature and composition of bone marrow MSCs from osteoarthritic hips N2 - Die Coxarthrose ist eine häufige degenerative Erkrankung, deren Prävalenz mit steigendem Lebensalter zunimmt. Durch die steigende Lebenserwartung der Bevölkerung nimmt dementsprechend auch die Anzahl an Patienten mit Coxarthrose zu. Die Therapie besteht konservativ u.a. aus Physiotherapie und Analgesie. Reichen die konservativen Maßnahmen nicht aus, steht der totale Gelenkersatz in Form eine Totalendoprothese zur Verfügung. Bisher gibt es keine regenerativen Therapien, die den arthrotisch degenerierten Gelenkknorpel ersetzen können. Durch die Fähigkeit, sich in Knochen-, Fett- und Knorpelzellen zu differenzieren, ist in der Vergangenheit die mesenchymale Stammzelle in den Fokus der Forschung gerückt. Es wird vermutet, dass diese Stammzellpopulation das Potential besitzen könnte, den defekten Knorpel zu ersetzen. Diese Zellpopulation ist in vivo jedoch noch nicht ausreichend charakterisiert und es fehlen belastbare Daten, wie sich die (pathologische) Umgebung auf die MSC auswirkt. In den letzten Jahren sind diverse Populationen von MSC mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften entdeckt worden. Um die subchondralen Populationen aus arthrotischen Hüften genauer zu charakterisieren, wurde hier Reaming aus dem Acetabulum (ein bei der Hüft-TEP Implantation anfallendes chirurgisches Abfallprodukt) untersucht. Die enthaltenen Zellen wurden im Hinblick auf die zelluläre Signatur und donorenbezogenen Eigenschaften untersucht. Parameter, die untersucht wurden, waren das Alter, das Geschlecht, der BMI und der K&L Score. Außerdem wurde die zelluläre Signatur anhand bestimmter Oberflächenmarker untersucht. Weiterhin wurden die isolierten und kultivierten MSC untersucht, ob sie sich bzgl. ihrer Fähigkeit unterscheiden, sich in die adipogene bzw. osteogene Linie zu differenzieren. Eine Eigenschaft, die bisher bei allen Populationen von möglichen MNC bzw. MSC nachgewiesen wurde, ist ihre Fähigkeit Kolonien zu bilden - sog. CFU-F. Bei den durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigte sich, dass aus allen erhaltenen Proben MSC in Form von CFU-F gewonnen werden konnten. Weiterhin waren alle Zellen in der Lage adipogen bzw. osteogen zu differenzieren. Signifikante Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Differenzierungseigenschaften konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Eine höhere CFU-F Bildung konnte aus dem Reaming von männlichen Donoren nachgewiesen werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich eine signifikant höhere Anzahl CD271-exprimierender Zellen im Reaming von männlichen Donoren befand. Ebenfalls konnte eine signifikante Zunahme für CD45- CD13+ CD105+ Zellen mit steigendem BMI nachgewiesen werden. Durch diese umfassende Versuchsreihe konnte dargelegt werden, dass es in arthrotischen Hüften Unterschiede in der MSC Zahl im Vergleich der Geschlechter gibt und dass bestimmte Populationen von MSC mit steigendem BMI zunehmen. Um diese Ergebnisse einordnen zu können ist es in Zukunft notwendig zu untersuchen, ob diese Unterschiede allein durch die Arthrose bedingt sind oder ob dieser Unterschied auch im gesunden Knochenmark vorliegt. N2 - Coxarthrosis is a common degenerative disease whose prevalence increases with age. Due to the increasing life expectancy of the population, the number of patients with coxarthrosis is also increasing accordingly. Among others, conservative therapy consists of physiotherapy and analgesia. If the conservative measures are not sufficient, total joint replacement in the form of a total endoprosthesis is available. To date, there are no regenerative therapies that can replace arthritically degenerated articular cartilage. Due to its ability to differentiate into bone-, fat- and cartilage-cells, mesenchymal stem cells have become the focus of research in the past. It is thought that this stem cell population may have the potential to replace defective cartilage. However, this cell population is not yet sufficiently characterized in vivo and robust data on how the (pathological) environment affects MSC is lacking. In recent years, diverse populations of MSC with different properties have been discovered. To further characterize subchondral populations from osteoarthritic hips, reaming from the acetabulum (a surgical waste product generated during hip TEP implantation) was studied here. The contained cells were studied in terms of cellular signature and donor-related properties. Parameters examined were age, gender, BMI, and K&L score. In addition, the cellular signature was examined using specific surface markers. Furthermore, the isolated and cultured MSCs were examined to see if they differed in their ability to differentiate into the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, respectively. One property that has been demonstrated so far in all populations of possible MNC or MSC is their ability to form colonies - so-called CFU-F. In the tests performed, it was shown that MSC in the form of CFU-F could be obtained from all the samples obtained. Furthermore, all cells were able to differentiate adipogenically or osteogenically. Significant differences in terms of differentiation properties could not be detected. A higher CFU-F formation could be demonstrated from reaming of male donors. Furthermore, it could be shown that a significantly higher number of CD271-expressing cells were in the reaming of male donors. Also, a significant increase for CD45- CD13+ CD105+ cells with increasing BMI was demonstrated. This comprehensive series of experiments demonstrated that there are differences in MSC numbers between the sexes in osteoarthritic hips and that certain populations of MSC increase with increasing BMI. In order to be able to classify these results, it will be necessary in the future to investigate whether these differences are solely due to osteoarthritis or whether this difference is also present in healthy bone marrow. KW - Mesenchymale Stromazelle KW - Coxarthrose KW - Mesenchymzelle KW - Hüftgelenkarthrose Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305434 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nedopil, Alexander J. A1 - Dhaliwal, Anand A1 - Howell, Stephen M. A1 - Hull, Maury L. T1 - A surgeon that switched to unrestricted kinematic alignment with manual instruments has a short learning curve and comparable resection accuracy and outcomes to those of an experienced surgeon JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - After starting an orthopedic practice, a surgeon with a fellowship in mechanically aligned (MA) TKA initiated this study to characterize their learning curve after they switched to unrestricted kinematic alignment (KA) TKA using manual instruments. Accordingly, the present study determined for the inexperienced (IE) surgeon the number of cases required to achieve consistent femoral resections and operating times, and whether the femoral resection accuracy, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and component alignment were different from an experienced (E) surgeon. This prospective cohort study analyzed the IE surgeon's first 30 TKAs, all performed with KA, and 30 consecutive KA TKAs performed by an E surgeon. The resection accuracy or deviation was the calipered thickness of the distal and posterior medial and lateral femoral resections minus the planned resection thickness, which was the thickness of the corresponding condyle of the femoral component, minus 2 mm for cartilage wear, and 1 mm for the kerf of the blade. Independent observers recorded the femoral resection thickness, operative times, PROMs, and alignment. For each femoral resection, the deviation between three groups of patients containing ten consecutive KA TKAs, was either insignificant (p = 0.695 to 1.000) or within the 0.5 mm resolution of the caliper, which indicated no learning curve. More than three groups were needed to determine the learning curve for the operative time; however, the IE surgeon's procedure dropped to 77 min for the last 10 patients, which was 20 min longer than the E surgeon. The resection deviations of the IE and E surgeon were comparable, except for the posterolateral femoral resection, which the IE surgeon under-resected by a mean of −0.8 mm (p < 0.0001). At a mean follow-up of 9 and 17 months, the Forgotten Joint Score, Oxford Knee Score, KOOS, and the alignment of the components and limbs were not different between the IE and E surgeon (p ≥ 0.6994). A surgeon that switches to unrestricted KA with manual instruments can determine their learning curve by computing the deviation of the distal and posterior femoral resections from the planned resection. Based on the present study, an IE surgeon could have resection accuracy, post-operative patient outcomes, and component alignment comparable to an E surgeon. KW - total knee arthroplasty KW - kinematic alignment KW - learning curve KW - accuracy KW - efficiency Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281842 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 12 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trivanović, Drenka T1 - Adult stem cells in aging JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - No abstract available KW - adult stem cells Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275226 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 12 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaltdorf, Martin A1 - Breitenbach, Tim A1 - Karl, Stefan A1 - Fuchs, Maximilian A1 - Kessie, David Komla A1 - Psota, Eric A1 - Prelog, Martina A1 - Sarukhanyan, Edita A1 - Ebert, Regina A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Dandekar, Gudrun A1 - Naseem, Muhammad A1 - Liang, Chunguang A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Software JimenaE allows efficient dynamic simulations of Boolean networks, centrality and system state analysis JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The signal modelling framework JimenaE simulates dynamically Boolean networks. In contrast to SQUAD, there is systematic and not just heuristic calculation of all system states. These specific features are not present in CellNetAnalyzer and BoolNet. JimenaE is an expert extension of Jimena, with new optimized code, network conversion into different formats, rapid convergence both for system state calculation as well as for all three network centralities. It allows higher accuracy in determining network states and allows to dissect networks and identification of network control type and amount for each protein with high accuracy. Biological examples demonstrate this: (i) High plasticity of mesenchymal stromal cells for differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes and differentiation-specific network control focusses on wnt-, TGF-beta and PPAR-gamma signaling. JimenaE allows to study individual proteins, removal or adding interactions (or autocrine loops) and accurately quantifies effects as well as number of system states. (ii) Dynamical modelling of cell–cell interactions of plant Arapidopsis thaliana against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000: We analyze for the first time the pathogen perspective and its interaction with the host. We next provide a detailed analysis on how plant hormonal regulation stimulates specific proteins and who and which protein has which type and amount of network control including a detailed heatmap of the A.thaliana response distinguishing between two states of the immune response. (iii) In an immune response network of dendritic cells confronted with Aspergillus fumigatus, JimenaE calculates now accurately the specific values for centralities and protein-specific network control including chemokine and pattern recognition receptors. KW - cellular signalling networks KW - computer modelling Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313303 VL - 13 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudert, Maximilian T1 - Taking the next step in personalised orthopaedic implantation JF - Journal of Personalized Medicine N2 - No abstract available KW - personalised orthopaedic implantation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262089 SN - 2075-4426 VL - 12 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagenbrenner, Mike A1 - Poker, Konrad A1 - Heinz, Tizian A1 - Herrmann, Marietta A1 - Horas, Konstantin A1 - Ebert, Regina A1 - Mayer-Wagner, Susanne A1 - Holzapfel, Boris M. A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Steinert, Andre F. A1 - Weißenberger, Manuel T1 - Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from various tissues of the human arthritic knee joint possess similar multipotent differentiation potential JF - Applied Sciences N2 - (1) Background: The mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins are applied in cell-based chondrogenic regeneration. However, there is a lack of comparability determining the most suitable cell source for the tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro chondrogenic potential of MSC-like cells from different tissue sources (bone marrow, meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament, synovial membrane, and the infrapatellar fat pad removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA)) and define which cell source is best suited for cartilage regeneration. (2) Methods: MSC-like cells were isolated from five donors and expanded using adherent monolayer cultures. Differentiation was induced by culture media containing specific growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 was used as the growth factor for chondrogenic differentiation. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis were induced in monolayer cultures for 27 days, while pellet cell cultures were used for chondrogenesis for 21 days. Control cultures were maintained under the same conditions. After, the differentiation period samples were analyzed, using histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as molecularbiological analysis by RT-PCR, to assess the expression of specific marker genes. (3) Results: Plastic-adherent growth and in vitro trilineage differentiation capacity of all isolated cells were proven. Flow cytometry revealed the clear co-expression of surface markers CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 on all isolated cells. Adipogenesis was validated through the formation of lipid droplets, while osteogenesis was proven by the formation of calcium deposits within differentiated cell cultures. The formation of proteoglycans was observed during chondrogenesis in pellet cultures, with immunohistochemical staining revealing an increased relative gene expression of collagen type II. RT-PCR proved an elevated expression of specific marker genes after successful differentiation, with no significant differences regarding different cell source of native tissue. (4) Conclusions: Irrespective of the cell source of native tissue, all MSC-like cells showed multipotent differentiation potential in vitro. The multipotent differentiation capacity did not differ significantly, and chondrogenic differentiation was proven in all pellet cultures. Therefore, cell suitability for cell-based cartilage therapies and tissue engineering is given for various tissue origins that are routinely removed during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study might provide essential information for the clinical tool of cell harvesting, leading to more flexibility in cell availability. KW - knee joint KW - MSCs KW - cellular origin KW - cartilage regeneration KW - tissue engineering KW - cell-based therapies KW - osteoarthritis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262334 SN - 2076-3417 VL - 12 IS - 4 ER -