TY - JOUR A1 - Salihoglu, Rana A1 - Srivastava, Mugdha A1 - Liang, Chunguang A1 - Schilling, Klaus A1 - Szalay, Aladar A1 - Bencurova, Elena A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - PRO-Simat: Protein network simulation and design tool JF - Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal N2 - PRO-Simat is a simulation tool for analysing protein interaction networks, their dynamic change and pathway engineering. It provides GO enrichment, KEGG pathway analyses, and network visualisation from an integrated database of more than 8 million protein-protein interactions across 32 model organisms and the human proteome. We integrated dynamical network simulation using the Jimena framework, which quickly and efficiently simulates Boolean genetic regulatory networks. It enables simulation outputs with in-depth analysis of the type, strength, duration and pathway of the protein interactions on the website. Furthermore, the user can efficiently edit and analyse the effect of network modifications and engineering experiments. In case studies, applications of PRO-Simat are demonstrated: (i) understanding mutually exclusive differentiation pathways in Bacillus subtilis, (ii) making Vaccinia virus oncolytic by switching on its viral replication mainly in cancer cells and triggering cancer cell apoptosis and (iii) optogenetic control of nucleotide processing protein networks to operate DNA storage. Multilevel communication between components is critical for efficient network switching, as demonstrated by a general census on prokaryotic and eukaryotic networks and comparing design with synthetic networks using PRO-Simat. The tool is available at https://prosimat.heinzelab.de/ as a web-based query server. KW - network simulation KW - protein analysis KW - signalling pathways KW - dynamic protein-protein interactions KW - optogenetics KW - oncolytic virus KW - DNA storage Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350034 SN - 2001-0370 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conrad, David A1 - Kehl, Alexandra A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Klopfleisch, Robert A1 - Aupperle-Lellbach, Heike T1 - Immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis of canine digital mast cell tumours JF - Animals N2 - Grading, immunohistochemistry and c-kit mutation status are criteria for assessing the prognosis and therapeutic options of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). As a subset, canine digital MCTs have rarely been explored in this context. Therefore, in this retrospective study, 68 paraffin-embedded canine digital MCTs were analysed, and histological grading was assessed according to Patnaik and Kiupel. The immunohistochemical markers KIT and Ki67 were used, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mutational screening in c-kit exons 8, 9, 11 and 14. Patnaik grading resulted in 22.1% grade I, 67.6% grade II and 10.3% grade III tumours. Some 86.8% of the digital MCTs were Kiupel low-grade. Aberrant KIT staining patterns II and III were found in 58.8%, and a count of more than 23 Ki67-positive cells in 52.3% of the cases. Both parameters were significantly associated with an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in c-kit exon 11 (12.7%). French Bulldogs, which tend to form well-differentiated cutaneous MCTs, had a higher proportion of digital high-grade MCTs and ITD in c-kit exon 11 compared with mongrels. Due to its retrospective nature, this study did not allow for an analysis of survival data. Nevertheless, it may contribute to the targeted characterisation of digital MCTs. KW - dog KW - digit KW - toe KW - CD117 KW - Ki67 KW - KIT KW - grading KW - PCR KW - sequencing KW - c-kit Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319199 SN - 2076-2615 VL - 13 IS - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nirchal, Naveen Kumar T1 - Mechanistische Regulierung des gastroösophagealen Übergangs und die Rolle der Retinsäure bei der Entwicklung des Barrett-Ösophagus T1 - Mechanistic regulation of gastroesophageal junction and role of retinoic acid in the development of Barrett's esophagus N2 - Der gastroösophageale Übergang (GEJ), der die Region abgrenzt, in der der distale Ösophagus auf die proximale Magenregion trifft, ist bekannt für die Entwicklung pathologischer Zustände, wie Metaplasie und Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus (EAC). Es ist wichtig, die Mechanismen der Entwicklungsstadien zu verstehen, die zu EAC führen, da die Inzidenzrate von EAC in den letzten 4 Jahrzehnten um das 7-fache gestiegen ist und die Gesamtüberlebensrate von 5 Jahren 18,4 % beträgt. In den meisten Fällenwird die Diagnose im fortgeschrittenen Stadium ohne vorherige Symptome erstellt. Der Hauptvorläufer für die Entwicklung von EAC ist eine prämaligne Vorstufe namens Barrett-Ösophagus (BE). BE ist der metaplastische Zustand, bei dem das mehrschichtige Plattenepithel des nativen Ösophagus durch ein spezialisiertes einschichtiges Säulenepithel ersetzt wird, das die molekularen Eigenschaften des Magen- sowie des Darmepithels aufweist. Zu den wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von BE gehören die chronische gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (GERD), eine veränderte Mikrobiota und veränderte Retinsäure-Signalwege (RA). Es ist unklar, welche Zelle der Ursprung für BE ist, da es keine eindeutigen Beweisen für den Prozess der BE-Initiation gibt. In dieser Arbeit habe ich untersucht, wie die GEJ-Homöostase in gesundem Gewebe durch stammzellregulatorische Morphogene aufrechterhalten wird, welche Rolle der Vitamin-A (RA-Signalübertragung) spieltund wie ihre Veränderung zur BE-Entwicklung beiträgt. Im ersten Teil meiner Dissertation habe ich anhand von Einzelmolekül-RNA in situ-Hybridisierung und Immunhistochemie eindeutig das Vorhandensein von zwei Arten von Epithelzellen nachweisen können, dem Plattenepithel in der Speiseröhre und dem Säulenepithel imMagenbereich des GEJ. Mittels Abstammungsanalysen im Mausmodell konnte ich zeigen, dass die Epithelzellen des Ösophagus und des Magens von zwei verschiedenen epithelialen Stammzelllinien imGEJ abstammen. Die Grenze zwischen Plattenepithel und Säulenepithelzellen im SCJ des GEJ wirddurch gegensätzliche Wnt-Mikroumgebungen streng reguliert. Plattenepithelstammzellen des Ösophagus werden durch das Wnt-hemmende Mikroumgebungssignal aufrechterhalten, während Magensäulenepithelzellen durch das Wnt-aktivierende Signal aus dem Stromakompartiment erhalten werden. Ich habe die in vivo Erhaltung der Epithelstammzellen des GEJ mit Hilfe eines in vitro Epithel-3D-Organoidkulturmodells rekonstruiert. Das Wachstum und die Vermehrung von Magensäulenepithel-Organoiden hängen von Wnt-Wachstumsfaktoren ab, während das Wachstum von Plattenepithel-Organoiden von Wnt-defizienten Kulturbedingungen abhängt. Darüber hinaus zeigte die Einzelzell-RNA-Sequenzanalyse (scRNA-seq) der aus Organoiden gewonnenenEpithelzellen, dass der nicht-kanonische Wnt/ planar cell polarity (PCP) Signalweg an der Regulierung der Plattenepithelzellen beteiligt ist. Im Gegensatz dazu werden säulenförmige Magenepithelzellen durch den kanonischen Wnt/beta-Catenin- und den nicht-kanonischen Wnt/Ca2+-Weg reguliert. Meine Daten zeigen, dass die SCJ-Epithelzellen, die am GEJ verschmelzen, durch entgegengesetzte stromale Wnt-Faktoren und unterschiedliche Wnt-Weg-Signalee in den Epithelzellen reguliert werden. Im zweiten Teil der Dissertation untersuchte ich die Rolle der bioaktiven Vitamin A Verbindung RA auf Ösophagus- und Magenepithelstammzellen. Die In-vitro-Behandlung von epithelialen Organoiden der Speiseröhre und des Magens mitRA oder seinem pharmakologischen Inhibitors BMS 493 zeigte, dass jeder Zelltyp unterschiedlich reguliert wurde. Ich beobachtete, dass eine verstärkte RA die Differenzierung von Stammzellen und den Verlust der Schichtung förderte, während die RA-Hemmung zu einer verstärkten Stammzellbildung und Regeneration im mehrschichtigen Epithel der Speiseröhre führte. Im Gegensatz zur Speiseröhre ist der RA-Signalweg in Magen-Organoiden aktiv, und die Hemmung von RA hat ein reduziertes Wachstum von Magen-Organoiden. Globale transkriptomische Daten und scRNA-seq-Daten zeigten, dass derRA-Signalweg einen Ruhephänotyp in den Ösophaguszellen induziert. Dagegen führt das Fehlen von RA in Magenepithelzellen zur Expression von Genen, die mit BE assoziiert sind. Daher isteine räumlich definierte Regulation der Wnt- und Retinsäure-Signalgebung amGEJ entscheidend für eine gesunde Homöostase, und ihre Störung führt zur Entwicklung von Krankheiten. N2 - Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), demarcating the region where the distal esophagus meets with the proximal stomach region, is known for developing pathological conditions, including metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). It is essential to understand the mechanisms of developmental stages which lead to EAC since the incidence rate of EAC increased over 7-fold during the past four decades, and the overall five years survival rate is 18.4%. In most cases, patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage without prior symptoms. The main precursor for the development of EAC is a pre-malignant condition called Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is the metaplastic condition where the multilayered squamous epithelium of the native esophagus is replaced by specialized single-layered columnar epithelium, which shows the molecular characteristics of the gastric as well as intestinal epithelium. The main risk factors for BE development include chronic gastro-esophageal acid reflux disease (GERD), altered microbiota, and altered retinoic acid signaling (RA). The cell of origin of BE is under debate due to a lack of clear evidence demonstrating the process of BE initiation. Here, I investigated how GEJ homeostasis is maintained in healthy tissue by stem cell regulatory morphogens, the role of vitamin A (RA signaling), and how its alteration contributes to BE development. In the first part of my thesis, I showed the presence of two types of epithelial cells, the squamous type in the esophagus and the columnar type in the stomach region in the GEJ, using single-molecule RNA in situ hybridization (smRNA-ISH) and immunohistochemistry. Employing lineage tracing in the mouse model, I have demonstrated that the esophageal epithelial and stomach epithelial cells derived from two distinct epithelial stem cell lineages in the GEJ. The border between squamous and columnar epithelial cells in the Squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) of GEJ is regulated by opposing Wnt microenvironments. The regeneration of stomach columnar epithelial stem cells is maintained by Wnt activating signal from the stromal compartment while squamous epithelial stem cells of the esophagus are maintained by the Wnt inhibitory signals. I recapitulated the in vivo GEJ epithelial stem cell maintenance by using in vitro epithelial 3D organoid culture model. The growth and propagation of stomach columnar epithelial organoids depend on Wnt growth factors, while squamous epithelial organoids' development needs Wnt-deficient culture conditions. Further, single-cell RNA sequence (scRNA-seq) analysis of organoid-derived epithelial cells revealed the non-canonical Wnt/ planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway involvement in regulating the squamous epithelial cells. In contrast, columnar stomach epithelial cells are regulated by the canonical Wnt/ beta-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathways. My data indicate that the SCJ epithelial cells that merge at the GEJ are regulated by opposing stromal Wnt factors and distinct Wnt pathway signaling in the epithelial cells. In the second part of the thesis, I investigated the role of Vitamin A-derived bioactive compound RA on esophageal and stomach epithelial stem cells. In vitro treatment of esophageal and stomach, epithelial organoids with RA or its pharmacological inhibitor BMS 493 revealed that each cell type was regulated distinctly. I observed that enhanced RA promoted esophageal stem cell differentiation and loss of stratification, while RA inhibition led to enhanced stemness and regeneration of the esophagus stratified epithelium. As opposed to the esophagus, RA signaling is active in the stomach organoids, and inhibition of RA reduces the growth of stomach organoids. Global transcriptomic data and scRNA-seq data revealed that RA signaling induces dormancy phenotype in the esophageal cells. In contrast, the absence of RA in stomach epithelial cells induces the expression of genes associated with BE. Thus, spatially defined regulation of Wnt and RA signaling at GEJ is critical for healthy homeostasis, and its perturbation leads to disease development. KW - Retinoesäure KW - Esophageal adenocarcinoma KW - Intestinal metaplasia KW - Epithelial lineage KW - Organoid KW - Retinoic acid KW - Gastroesophageal reflux KW - Endobrachyösophagus KW - Esophageal disease Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311556 ER - TY - THES A1 - Weisert, Nadine T1 - Characterization of telomere-associated proteins in \(Trypanosoma\) \(brucei\) T1 - Charakterisierung Telomer-assoziierter Proteine in \(Trypanosoma\) \(brucei\) N2 - The unicellular pathogen Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, an endemic disease prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Trypanosoma brucei alternates between a mammalian host and the tsetse fly vector. The extracellular parasite survives in the mammalian bloodstream by periodically exchanging their ˈvariant surface glycoproteinˈ (VSG) coat to evade the host immune response. This antigenic variation is achieved through monoallelic expression of one VSG variant from subtelomeric ˈbloodstream form expression sitesˈ (BES) at a given timepoint. During the differentiation from the bloodstream form (BSF) to the procyclic form (PCF) in the tsetse fly midgut, the stage specific surface protein is transcriptionally silenced and replaced by procyclins. Due to their subtelomeric localization on the chromosomes, VSG transcription and silencing is partly regulated by homologues of the mammalian telomere complex such as TbTRF, TbTIF2 and TbRAP1 as well as by ˈtelomere-associated proteinsˈ (TelAPs) like TelAP1. To gain more insights into transcription regulation of VSG genes, the identification and characterization of other TelAPs is critical and has not yet been achieved. In a previous study, two biochemical approaches were used to identify other novel TelAPs. By using ˈco-immunoprecipitationˈ (co-IP) to enrich possible interaction partners of TbTRF and by affinity chromatography using telomeric repeat oligonucleotides, a listing of TelAP candidates has been conducted. With this approach TelAP1 was identified as a novel component of the telomere complex, involved in the kinetics of transcriptional BES silencing during BSF to PCF differentiation. To gain further insights into the telomere complex composition, other previously enriched proteins were characterized through a screening process using RNA interference to deplete potential candidates. VSG expression profile changes and overall proteomic changes after depletion were analyzed by mass spectrometry. With this method, one can gain insights into the functions of the proteins and their involvement in VSG expression site regulation. To validate the interaction of proteins enriched by co-IP with TbTRF and TelAP1 and to identify novel interaction proteins, I performed reciprocal affinity purifications of the four most promising candidates (TelAP2, TelAP3, PPL2 and PolIE) and additionally confirmed colocalization of two candidates with TbTRF via immunofluorescence (TelAP2, TelAP3). TelAP3 colocalizes with TbTRF and potentially interacts with TbTRF, TbTIF2, TelAP1 and TelAP2, as well as with two translesion polymerases PPL2 and PolIE in BSF. PPL2 and PolIE seem to be in close contact to each other at the telomeric ends and fulfill different roles as only PolIE is involved in VSG regulation while PPL2 is not. TelAP2 was previously characterized to be associated with telomeres by partially colocalizing with TbTRF and cells show a VSG derepression phenotype when the protein was depleted. Here I show that TelAP2 interacts with the telomere-binding proteins TbTRF and TbTIF2 as well as with the telomere-associated protein TelAP1 in BSF and that TelAP2 depletion results in a loss of TelAP1 colocalization with TbTRF in BSF. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that characterizing potential TelAPs is effective in gaining insights into the telomeric complex's composition and its role in VSG regulation in Trypanosoma brucei. Understanding these interactions could potentially lead to new therapeutic targets for combatting African trypanosomiasis. N2 - Der einzellige Pathogen Trypanosoma brucei ist der Erreger der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis, eine endemische Krankheit vertreten in der Sub-Sahara Zone Afrikas. Trypanosoma brucei wechselt zwischen einem Säugerwirt und dem Insektenvektor, der Tsetse-Fliege. Der im Blutstrom des Säugers vorkommende, extrazelluläre Parasit ändert seinen Oberflächenmantel bestehend aus dem ˈvariablen Oberflächenproteinˈ (VSG) in periodischen Abständen, um der Immunantwort des Wirtes auszuweichen. Diese antigenetische Variation wird durch die monoallelische Expression einer einzelnen VSG-Variante, lokalisiert auf den ˈBlutstromform Expressionsseitenˈ (BES), zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt erreicht. Diese stadienspezifischen Oberflächenproteine werden während der Differenzierung der ˈBlutstromformˈ (BSF) zur ˈprozyklischen Formˈ (PCF) im Mitteldarm der Tsetse-Fliege stillgelegt und durch Prozykline ersetzt. Wegen der subtelomeren Lokalisation wird die VSG Transkription und Stilllegung teilweise durch Homologe des Säuger Telomerkomplexes TbTRF, TbTIF2 und TbRAP1 als auch durch Telomer-assoziierte Proteine (TelAPs) wie TelAP1 reguliert. Um Einblicke in die Transkriptionsregulation der VSG Gene zu erhalten, ist die Identifikation und Charakterisierung anderer Telomer-assoziierter Proteine von großem Interesse. In einer vorherigen Studie wurden zwei komplementäre biochemische Versuchsansätze verwendet, um weitere neue TelAPs zu identifizieren. Es wurde eine ko-Immunpräzipitation (co-IP) durchgeführt, um mögliche Interaktionspartner von TbTRF zu identifizieren, sowie eine Affinitätschromatographie unter Verwendung telomerischen Wiederholungseinheiten. Hierdurch wurde eine Liste von potenziellen Kandidaten generiert. Mit diesem Ansatz wurde TelAP1 als neue Komponente des Telomerkomplexes identifiziert, welches an der Kinetik der transkriptionellen BES-Stilllegung während der Differenzierung von BSF zu PCF beteiligt ist. Um weitere Einblicke in die Zusammensetzung des Telomerkomplexes zu erhalten, wurden zuvor angereicherte Proteine durch einen Screening-Prozess unter Verwendung von RNA-Interferenz charakterisiert. Nach der Depletion von 21 Proteinen wurden massenspektrometrische Analysen der VSG Expressionsprofiländerungen sowie allgemeine Veränderungen des Proteomenprofils analysiert. Mit dieser Methode können Erkenntnisse über die Funktion der jeweiligen Proteine und ihrer Beteiligung an der Regulierung der antigenetischen Variation von T. brucei gewonnen werden. Um die Interaktionen von Proteinen zu validieren, welche bei den Co-Immunpräzipitationen mit TbTRF und TelAP1 angereichert wurden, habe ich eine reziproke Affinitätschromatographie mit vier der vielversprechendsten Kandidaten durchgeführt (TelAP2, TelAP3, PPL2 und PolIE). Zusätzlich bestätigte ich die Co-lokalisation von zwei Kandidaten mit TbTRF via Immunfluoreszenzaufnahmen (TelAP2, TelAP3). TelAP3 ko-lokalisiert mit TbTRF und TelAP1 und interagiert potenziell mit TbTRF, TbTIF2, TelAP1 und TelAP2 als auch mit den zwei Transläsionspolymerasen PPL2 und PolIE in BSF. PPL2 und PolIE stehen in engem Kontakt zueinander und nehmen an den Telomerenden unterschiedliche Funktionen ein, da nur PolIE an der VSG Regulation beteiligt ist. TelAP2 wurde in einer vorherigen Publikation als Telomer-assoziiertes Protein durch partielle Co-Lokalisation mit TbTRF identifiziert und Zellen zeigen nach der Depletion von TelAP2 eine Derepression von zuvor stillgelegten VSGs. In dieser Studie zeige ich, dass TelAP2 mit den Telomer-bindenden Proteinen TbTRF und TbTIF2 sowie mit dem telomerassoziierten Protein TelAP1 in BSF interagiert und dass die Depletion von TelAP2 zu dem Verlust der Co-Lokalisation von TelAP1 mit TbTRF in BSF führt. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Studie, dass die Charakterisierung potenzieller TelAPs dazu beiträgt, Einblicke in die Zusammensetzung des Telomerkomplexes und dessen Rolle bei der VSG-Regulation in Trypanosoma brucei zu gewinnen. Das Verständnis dieser Interaktionen könnte möglicherweise zu neuen therapeutischen Ansatzpunkten zur Bekämpfung der afrikanischen Trypanosomiasis führen. KW - Telomer KW - Trypanosoma brucei KW - telomere-associated protein Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-352732 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Amatobi, Kelechi M. A1 - Ozbek-Unal, Ayten Gizem A1 - Schäbler, Stefan A1 - Deppisch, Peter A1 - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte A1 - Mueller, Martin J. A1 - Wegener, Christian A1 - Fekete, Agnes T1 - The circadian clock is required for rhythmic lipid transport in Drosophila in interaction with diet and photic condition JF - Journal of Lipid Research N2 - Modern lifestyle is often at odds with endogenously driven rhythmicity, which can lead to circadian disruption and metabolic syndrome. One signature for circadian disruption is a reduced or altered metabolite cycling in the circulating tissue reflecting the current metabolic status. Drosophila is a well-established model in chronobiology, but day-time dependent variations of transport metabolites in the fly circulation are poorly characterized. Here, we sampled fly hemolymph throughout the day and analyzed diacylglycerols (DGs), phosphoethanolamines (PEs) and phosphocholines (PCs) using LC-MS. In wild-type flies kept on sugar-only medium under a light-dark cycle, all transport lipid species showed a synchronized bimodal oscillation pattern with maxima at the beginning and end of the light phase which were impaired in period01 clock mutants. In wild-type flies under constant dark conditions, the oscillation became monophasic with a maximum in the middle of the subjective day. In strong support of clock-driven oscillations, levels of the targeted lipids peaked once in the middle of the light phase under time-restricted feeding independent of the time of food intake. When wild-type flies were reared on full standard medium, the rhythmic alterations of hemolymph lipid levels were greatly attenuated. Our data suggest that the circadian clock aligns daily oscillations of DGs, PEs, and PCs in the hemolymph to the anabolic siesta phase, with a strong influence of light on phase and modality. KW - hemolymph lipids KW - lipidomics KW - circadian rhythm KW - feeding KW - locomotor activity KW - light-driven metabolism Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349961 VL - 64 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuhmann, Antonia A1 - Scheiner, Ricarda T1 - A combination of the frequent fungicides boscalid and dimoxystrobin with the neonicotinoid acetamiprid in field-realistic concentrations does not affect sucrose responsiveness and learning behavior of honeybees JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety N2 - The increasing loss of pollinators over the last decades has become more and more evident. Intensive use of plant protection products is one key factor contributing to this decline. Especially the mixture of different plant protection products can pose an increased risk for pollinators as synergistic effects may occur. In this study we investigated the effect of the fungicide Cantus® Gold (boscalid/dimoxystrobin), the neonicotinoid insecticide Mospilan® (acetamiprid) and their mixture on honeybees. Since both plant protection products are frequently applied sequentially to the same plants (e.g. oilseed rape), their combination is a realistic scenario for honeybees. We investigated the mortality, the sucrose responsiveness and the differential olfactory learning performance of honeybees under controlled conditions in the laboratory to reduce environmental noise. Intact sucrose responsiveness and learning performance are of pivotal importance for the survival of individual honeybees as well as for the functioning of the entire colony. Treatment with two sublethal and field relevant concentrations of each plant protection product did not lead to any significant effects on these behaviors but affected the mortality rate. However, our study cannot exclude possible negative sublethal effects of these substances in higher concentrations. In addition, the honeybee seems to be quite robust when it comes to effects of plant protection products, while wild bees might be more sensitive. Highlights • Mix of SBI fungicides and neonicotinoids can lead to synergistic effects for bees. • Combination of non-SBI fungicide and neonicotinoid in field-realistic doses tested. • Synergistic effect on mortality of honeybees. • No effects on sucrose responsiveness and learning performance of honeybees. • Synergistic effects by other pesticide mixtures or on wild bees cannot be excluded. KW - Apis mellifera KW - non-SBI fungicide KW - insecticide KW - pesticide mixture KW - synergistic effect KW - sublethal effect Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350047 VL - 256 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coelho, Luis Pedro A1 - Alves, Renato A1 - Monteiro, Paulo A1 - Huerta-Cepas, Jaime A1 - Freitas, Ana Teresa A1 - Bork, Peer T1 - NG-meta-profiler: fast processing of metagenomes using NGLess, a domain-specific language JF - Microbiome N2 - Background Shotgun metagenomes contain a sample of all the genomic material in an environment, allowing for the characterization of a microbial community. In order to understand these communities, bioinformatics methods are crucial. A common first step in processing metagenomes is to compute abundance estimates of different taxonomic or functional groups from the raw sequencing data. Given the breadth of the field, computational solutions need to be flexible and extensible, enabling the combination of different tools into a larger pipeline. Results We present NGLess and NG-meta-profiler. NGLess is a domain specific language for describing next-generation sequence processing pipelines. It was developed with the goal of enabling user-friendly computational reproducibility. It provides built-in support for many common operations on sequencing data and is extensible with external tools with configuration files. Using this framework, we developed NG-meta-profiler, a fast profiler for metagenomes which performs sequence preprocessing, mapping to bundled databases, filtering of the mapping results, and profiling (taxonomic and functional). It is significantly faster than either MOCAT2 or htseq-count and (as it builds on NGLess) its results are perfectly reproducible. Conclusions NG-meta-profiler is a high-performance solution for metagenomics processing built on NGLess. It can be used as-is to execute standard analyses or serve as the starting point for customization in a perfectly reproducible fashion. NGLess and NG-meta-profiler are open source software (under the liberal MIT license) and can be downloaded from https://ngless.embl.de or installed through bioconda. KW - metagenomics KW - next-generation sequencing KW - domain-specific language Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223161 VL - 7 IS - 84 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coelho, Luis Pedro A1 - Kultima, Jens Roat A1 - Costea, Paul Igor A1 - Fournier, Coralie A1 - Pan, Yuanlong A1 - Czarnecki-Maulden, Gail A1 - Hayward, Matthew Robert A1 - Forslund, Sofia K. A1 - Schmidt, Thomas Sebastian Benedikt A1 - Descombes, Patrick A1 - Jackson, Janet R. A1 - Li, Qinghong A1 - Bork, Peer T1 - Similarity of the dog and human gut microbiomes in gene content and response to diet JF - Microbiome N2 - Background Gut microbes influence their hosts in many ways, in particular by modulating the impact of diet. These effects have been studied most extensively in humans and mice. In this work, we used whole genome metagenomics to investigate the relationship between the gut metagenomes of dogs, humans, mice, and pigs. Results We present a dog gut microbiome gene catalog containing 1,247,405 genes (based on 129 metagenomes and a total of 1.9 terabasepairs of sequencing data). Based on this catalog and taxonomic abundance profiling, we show that the dog microbiome is closer to the human microbiome than the microbiome of either pigs or mice. To investigate this similarity in terms of response to dietary changes, we report on a randomized intervention with two diets (high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. lower protein/higher carbohydrate). We show that diet has a large and reproducible effect on the dog microbiome, independent of breed or sex. Moreover, the responses were in agreement with those observed in previous human studies. Conclusions We conclude that findings in dogs may be predictive of human microbiome results. In particular, a novel finding is that overweight or obese dogs experience larger compositional shifts than lean dogs in response to a high-protein diet. KW - microbiome KW - diet KW - metagenomics KW - dog microbiome KW - human microbiome KW - mouse microbiome KW - pig microbiome Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223177 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dedukh, Dmitrij A1 - Da Cruz, Irene A1 - Kneitz, Susanne A1 - Marta, Anatolie A1 - Ormanns, Jenny A1 - Tichopád, Tomáš A1 - Lu, Yuan A1 - Alsheimer, Manfred A1 - Janko, Karel A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Achiasmatic meiosis in the unisexual Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa JF - Chromosome Research N2 - Unisexual reproduction, which generates clonal offspring, is an alternative strategy to sexual breeding and occurs even in vertebrates. A wide range of non-sexual reproductive modes have been described, and one of the least understood questions is how such pathways emerged and how they mechanistically proceed. The Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, needs sperm from males of related species to trigger the parthenogenetic development of diploid eggs. However, the mechanism, of how the unreduced female gametes are produced, remains unclear. Cytological analyses revealed that the chromosomes of primary oocytes initiate pachytene but do not proceed to bivalent formation and meiotic crossovers. Comparing ovary transcriptomes of P. formosa and its sexual parental species revealed expression levels of meiosis-specific genes deviating from P. mexicana but not from P. latipinna. Furthermore, several meiosis genes show biased expression towards one of the two alleles from the parental genomes. We infer from our data that in the Amazon molly diploid oocytes are generated by apomixis due to a failure in the synapsis of homologous chromosomes. The fact that this failure is not reflected in the differential expression of known meiosis genes suggests the underlying molecular mechanism may be dysregulation on the protein level or misexpression of a so far unknown meiosis gene, and/or hybrid dysgenesis because of compromised interaction of proteins from diverged genomes. KW - meiosis KW - parthenogenesis KW - synaptonemal complex KW - recombination KW - crossing-over KW - achiasmatic KW - transcriptome KW - oogenesis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325128 VL - 30 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rössler, Wolfgang A1 - Grob, Robin A1 - Fleischmann, Pauline N. T1 - The role of learning-walk related multisensory experience in rewiring visual circuits in the desert ant brain JF - Journal of Comparative Physiology A N2 - Efficient spatial orientation in the natural environment is crucial for the survival of most animal species. Cataglyphis desert ants possess excellent navigational skills. After far-ranging foraging excursions, the ants return to their inconspicuous nest entrance using celestial and panoramic cues. This review focuses on the question about how naïve ants acquire the necessary spatial information and adjust their visual compass systems. Naïve ants perform structured learning walks during their transition from the dark nest interior to foraging under bright sunlight. During initial learning walks, the ants perform rotational movements with nest-directed views using the earth’s magnetic field as an earthbound compass reference. Experimental manipulations demonstrate that specific sky compass cues trigger structural neuronal plasticity in visual circuits to integration centers in the central complex and mushroom bodies. During learning walks, rotation of the sky-polarization pattern is required for an increase in volume and synaptic complexes in both integration centers. In contrast, passive light exposure triggers light-spectrum (especially UV light) dependent changes in synaptic complexes upstream of the central complex. We discuss a multisensory circuit model in the ant brain for pathways mediating structural neuroplasticity at different levels following passive light exposure and multisensory experience during the performance of learning walks. KW - central complex KW - mushroom body KW - multisensory navigation KW - visual memory KW - neuronal and synaptic plasticity Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325096 VL - 209 IS - 4 ER -