TY - JOUR A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Erbelding-Denk, Claudia A1 - Holter, Sabine A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Schroder, Johannes H. A1 - Epplen, Jörg T. T1 - Reproductive failure of dominant males in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae determined by DNA fingerprinting N2 - Hierarchical structures among male indlviduals in a population are frequently reflected ln differences in aggressive and reproductive behavior and access to the females. In general, sodal dominance requires the Investments, which in turn then may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesls has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups (one or two males with one or two females) due to the difficulties of determining paternity by conventional methods. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems by offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups [Borke, T. (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. 4, 139-144]. We show here that in the poecUiid fish Limia perugitu, in small matlng groups the dominant male has 8 mating success of 100%, whereas ln larger groups lts contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. KW - Physiologische Chemie KW - reproductive success KW - sexual selection KW - size polymorpbism KW - sodal domlnance KW - simple repetitive sequences Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61643 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, D. A1 - Wittbrodt, J. A1 - Telling, A. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - RFLP for an EGF-receptor related gene associated with the melanoma oncogene locus of Xiphophorus maculatus N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61822 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hong, Yunhan A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Sequence of the growth hormone (GH) gene from the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and evolution of GH genes in vertebrates N2 - The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) growth hormone (GH) genewas isolated and sequenced following amplification from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The gene spans a region of approx. 2.5 kb nucleotides (nt) and consists of five exons. The sequence predicts a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putative signal peptide of 22 hydrophobic aa residues. The arrangement of exons and introns is identical to the GH genes of common carp, grass carp, and very similar to mammals and birds, but quite different from that for the GH genes of tilapia and salmonids. The silver carp GH gene shares a high homology at the nt and aa Ievels with those of grass carp (95.3% nt, 99.5% aa) and of common carp (81% nt, 95.7% aa). KW - Physiologische Chemie KW - Recombinant DNA ; Growth hormone gene ; PCR; Silver carp ; Fish Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61620 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakayama, Ichiro A1 - Foresti, Fausto A1 - Tewari, Rita A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Chourrout, Daniel T1 - Sex chromosome polymorphism and heterogametic males revealed by two cloned DNA probes in the ZW/ZZ fish Leporinus elongatus N2 - In order to study the divergence of teleost sex chromosomes, subtractive cloning was carried out between genomic DNA ofmales and females ofthe rainbow trout (XX/XY) and of Leporinus elongatus (ZW /ZZ). Inserts cloned in a plasmid vector were individually tested on Southern blots of DNA of males and females for sex specificity. No sex-specific insert was obtained from trout, but two out of ten inserts cloned from L. elongatus showed sex-specific patterns in this species: one corresponds to a sequence present on both Z and W chromosomes, while the other is W specific. Sequences of these two inserts show neither clear homology with other known sequences, nor an open reading frame. They cross-hybridize with the genomic DNA of Leporinusfriderici, but without sex-specific patterns. Twenty-four L. elongatus adults were sexed by gonadal observation, chromosomed examination and Southern hybridization with one or the other insert. Ten males and 11 females had chromosomes and hybridization patterns typical of their sex. One ZW female was recognized as a male with the W-specific probe. This was also the case for two unusual ZW males, one having a male hybridization pattern with the other probe. These three atypical individuals may result from single genetic exchanges between four regions of the Z and the W, giving rise to three atypical W chromosomes. Finding males with such atypical heterochromosomes in a female heterogametic species may indicate that a gradual transition occurs between the heterogametic systems. KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61583 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernards, R. A1 - Schackleford, G. M. A1 - Gerber, M. R. A1 - Horowitz, J. M. A1 - Friend, S. H. A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Bogenmann, E. A1 - Rapaport, J. M. A1 - Mcgee, T. A1 - Dryja, T. P. T1 - Structure and expression of the murine retinoblastoma gene and characterization of its encoded protein N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61819 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hong, Yunhan A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Structure of the rainbow trout metallothionein A gene N2 - To investigate the regulation of metallothionein-encoding genes in fish, we have isolated and sequenced the rainbow trout metallothionein-A-encoding gene (tMT-A) by polymerase chain reaction. This gene spans about 1.1 kb, consists of three exons and two introns, and has an A+ T-rieb 5' -region which contains a TATAAA signal, and two metal responsive elements (MREs). The transcription start point is centered around an A residue 81 nt upstream of the ATG codon. KW - Physiologische Chemie KW - Recombinant DNA ; polymerase chain reaction ; metallothionein gene ; rainbow trout ; fish Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61679 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dracopoli, Nicholas C. A1 - Feltquate, David M. A1 - Sam, Brigitta A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Taql and Mspl RFLPs are detected by the human 2,3-biphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) cDNA N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61763 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gotz, R. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - The conservation of neurotrophic factors during vertebrate evolution N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61964 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedenreich, Hildegard A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Transient expression directed by homologous and heterologous promoter and enhancer sequences in fish cells N2 - ln order to construct fish specific expression vectors for studies on gene regulation in vitro and in vivo a variety of heterologous enhancers and promoters from mammals and from viruses of higher vertebrate cells were tested for expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene in three teleost fish cell lines. Several viral enhancers were found to be constitutively active at high Ieveis. The human metallothionein promoter showed inducible expression in the presence of heavy metal Ions. A fish sequence was isolated that can be used as a homologous constitutively active promoter for expression of foreign genes. Using the human growth hormone gene with an active promoter in fish cells for transient expression insufficient splicing and Iack of translation were observed, pointing to limitations in the use of heterologous genes in gene transfer experiments. On the contrary, some heterologous promoters and enhancers functioned in fish c as weil as in their cell type of origin, indicating t at corresponding transcription factors are sufficient conserved between fish and human over a period of 900 million years of Independent evolution. KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61774 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Christoph A1 - Vielkind, Jürgen R. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Transient expression of foreign DNA during embryonic and larval development of the medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) N2 - Species of small fish are becoming useful tools for studies on vertebrate development. Wehave investigated the developing embryo of the Japanese medaka for its application as a transient expression system for the in vivo analysis of gene regulation and function. The temporaland spatial expression patterns ofbacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and galactosidase reporter genes injected in supercoiled plasmid form into the cytoplasm of one cell of the two-cell stage embryo was promoter-specific. The transient expression was found to be mosaic within the tissue and organs reflecting the unequal distribution of extrachromosomal foreign DNA and the intensive cell mixing movements that occur in fish embryogenesis. The expression data are consistent with data on DNA fate. Foreign DNA persisted during embryogenesis and was still detectable in some 3- and 9-month-old adult fish; it was found in high molecular weight form as weil as in circular plasmid conformations. The DNA was replicated during early and late embryogenesis. Our data indicate that the developing medaka embryo is a powerful in vivo assay system for studies of gene regulation and function. KW - Physiologische Chemie KW - Medaka - Genetransfer - Transient expression - DNA fate - Fish developmental biology Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61743 ER -