TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziegler, Alice
A1  - Meyer, Hanna
A1  - Otte, Insa
A1  - Peters, Marcell K.
A1  - Appelhans, Tim
A1  - Behler, Christina
A1  - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin
A1  - Classen, Alice
A1  - Detsch, Florian
A1  - Deckert, Jürgen
A1  - Eardley, Connal D.
A1  - Ferger, Stefan W.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Gebert, Friederike
A1  - Haas, Michael
A1  - Helbig-Bonitz, Maria
A1  - Hemp, Andreas
A1  - Hemp, Claudia
A1  - Kakengi, Victor
A1  - Mayr, Antonia V.
A1  - Ngereza, Christine
A1  - Reudenbach, Christoph
A1  - Röder, Juliane
A1  - Rutten, Gemma
A1  - Schellenberger Costa, David
A1  - Schleuning, Matthias
A1  - Ssymank, Axel
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
A1  - Tardanico, Joseph
A1  - Tschapka, Marco
A1  - Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R.
A1  - Wöllauer, Stephan
A1  - Zhang, Jie
A1  - Brandl, Roland
A1  - Nauss, Thomas
T1  - Potential of airborne LiDAR derived vegetation structure for the prediction of animal species richness at Mount Kilimanjaro
JF  - Remote Sensing
N2  - The monitoring of species and functional diversity is of increasing relevance for the development of strategies for the conservation and management of biodiversity. Therefore, reliable estimates of the performance of monitoring techniques across taxa become important. Using a unique dataset, this study investigates the potential of airborne LiDAR-derived variables characterizing vegetation structure as predictors for animal species richness at the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. To disentangle the structural LiDAR information from co-factors related to elevational vegetation zones, LiDAR-based models were compared to the predictive power of elevation models. 17 taxa and 4 feeding guilds were modeled and the standardized study design allowed for a comparison across the assemblages. Results show that most taxa (14) and feeding guilds (3) can be predicted best by elevation with normalized RMSE values but only for three of those taxa and two of those feeding guilds the difference to other models is significant. Generally, modeling performances between different models vary only slightly for each assemblage. For the remaining, structural information at most showed little additional contribution to the performance. In summary, LiDAR observations can be used for animal species prediction. However, the effort and cost of aerial surveys are not always in proportion with the prediction quality, especially when the species distribution follows zonal patterns, and elevation information yields similar results.
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - species richness
KW  - LiDAR
KW  - elevation
KW  - partial least square regression
KW  - arthropods
KW  - birds
KW  - bats
KW  - predictive modeling
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262251
SN  - 2072-4292
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thorn, Simon
A1  - Chao, Anne
A1  - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus
A1  - Chen, Yan-Han
A1  - Georgiev, Kostadin B.
A1  - Heibl, Christoph
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Schäfer, Hanno
A1  - Bässler, Claus
T1  - Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests
JF  - Ecology
N2  - Following natural disturbances, additional anthropogenic disturbance may alter community recovery by affecting the occurrences of species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages. However, our understanding of whether rare, common, or dominant species, functional groups, or evolutionary lineages are most strongly affected by an additional disturbance, particularly across multiple taxa, is limited. Here, we used a generalized diversity concept based on Hill numbers to quantify the community differences of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens, wood‐inhabiting fungi, saproxylic beetles, and birds in a storm‐disturbed, experimentally salvage logged forest. Communities of all investigated species groups showed dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots. Most species groups showed no significant changes in dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over the first seven years of succession, indicating a lack of community recovery. In general, the dissimilarities of communities were mainly driven by rare species. Convergence of dissimilarities occurred more often than divergence during the early stages of succession for rare species, indicating a major role in driving decreasing taxonomic dissimilarities between logged and unlogged plots over time. Trends in species dissimilarities only partially match the trends in dissimilarities of functional groups and evolutionary lineages, with little significant changes in successional trajectories. Nevertheless, common and dominant species contributed to a convergence of dissimilarities over time in the case of the functional dissimilarities of wood‐inhabiting fungi. Our study shows that salvage logging following disturbances can alter successional trajectories in early stages of forest succession following natural disturbances. However, community changes over time may differ remarkably in different taxonomic groups and are best detected based on taxonomic, rather than functional or phylogenetic dissimilarities.
KW  - wood-inhabiting fungi
KW  - birds
KW  - bryophytes
KW  - climate change
KW  - forest succession
KW  - Hill numbers
KW  - natural disturbances
KW  - salvage logging
KW  - saproxylic beetles
KW  - vascular plants
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212378
VL  - 101
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Forstmeier, Wolfgang
T1  - Individual reproductive strategies in the dusky warbler (Phylloscopus fuscatus)
T1  - Individuelle reproduktive Strategien beim Dunkellaubsänger (Phylloscopus fuscatus)
N2  - This study investigates mechanisms and consequences of sexual selection in a polygynous population of dusky warblers Phylloscopus fuscatus, breeding near Magadan in the Russian Far East. In particular, the study focuses on individual variation in the reproductive behaviours of both females and males. The mating system of this population is characterised by facultative polygyny (17 per cent of the males mated with more than one female), and by an outstandingly high rate of extra-pair paternity (45 per cent of the offspring was not sired by the social partner of the female). The occurrence of polygyny is best explained by the ‘polygyny-threshold model’ (PTM). A novel finding of this study is that female mating decisions follow a conditional strategy. First-year females that have no prior breeding experience prefer monogamy over territory quality, while older females more often mate polygynously. I argue that the costs of receiving no male help may be higher for inexperienced females, while the benefits of having a free choice between territories may be higher for individuals that know which territories had the highest breeding success in previous years. Furthermore, I find support for the existence of two female mating strategies. The ‘emancipated’ female which is not dependent on male help, is free to choose the best territory and the best copulation partners. The ‘help-dependent’ female, in contrast, is bound to find a partner who is willing to assist her with brood care, thus she will have to accept territories and genetic fathers of lesser quality. The most unexpected finding on female mating behaviours is that this dichotomy between emancipated and help-dependent females is accompanied by morphological specialisation, which indicates that there is genetic variation underlying these female mating strategies. Male mating behaviours are characterised by competition for ownership of the best territories and by advertisement of male quality to females, as these are the factors which largely determine male reproductive success. Male success in obtaining copulations depended on the quality of their song, a fact that explains why males spend most of the daytime singing during the period when females are fertile. Individuals that were able to maintain a relatively high sound amplitude during rapid frequency modulations were consistently preferred by females as copulation partners. Studies of physiological limitations on sound production suggest that such subtle differences in male singing performance can provide an honest reflection of male quality. The present study is the first to indicate that females may judge the quality of a male’s song by his performance in sound production. Quality of song was also related to winter survival, which suggests that females can enhance the viability of their offspring by seeking extra-pair fertilisations from good singers (good-genes hypothesis). In general, the present study demonstrates that a complete understanding of avian mating systems is not possible without a detailed analysis of alternative behavioural strategies and of how individuals adjust their reproductive tactics according to their individual needs and abilities.
N2  - Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Mechanismen und Auswirkungen sexueller Selektion, untersucht an einer polygynen Population des Dunkellaubsängers Phylloscopus fuscatus, in der Nähe von Magadan im russischen Fernen Osten. Das Hauptanliegen ist die Untersuchung individueller Unterschiede in reproduktiven Strategien, sowohl bei Weibchen als auch bei Männchen. Das Paarungssystem der untersuchten Population ist durch das Vorkommen sozialer Polygynie gekennzeichnet (17 Prozent aller Männchen waren mit mehr als einem Weibchen verpaart), sowie durch eine ungewöhnlich hohe Rate außerpaarlicher Vaterschaften (45 Prozent des Nachwuchses stammte nicht vom sozialen Partner des Weibchens ab). Das Auftreten sozialer Polygynie lässt sich am besten durch das „Polygynie-Schwellen-Modell“ (PSM) erklären. Ein neuartiger Befund dieser Untersuchung ist, dass die Partnerwahl einer konditionellen Strategie unterliegt: Unerfahrene, einjährige Weibchen scheinen die Monogamie der Wahlfreiheit eines Reviers vorzuziehen, während ältere Weibchen öfter in polygynen Beziehungen zu finden sind. Man könnte vermuten, dass die Kosten fehlender Hilfe für unerfahrene Weibchen besonders groß sind, während die Vorteile einer freien Auswahl an Territorien nur von solchen Weibchen optimal genützt werden können, die den zu erwartenden Bruterfolg für die einzelnen Territorien aus den Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre abschätzen können. Desweiteren finde ich Hinweise auf die Existenz von zwei alternativen weiblichen Paarungstaktiken: „Emanzipierte“ Weibchen haben eine freie Auswahl an Brutterritorien und Kopulationspartnern. „Abhängige“ Weibchen müssen einen Paarungspartner finden, der bereit ist, bei der Jungenaufzucht zu helfen, weshalb sie sich oft mit weniger guten Revieren und Geschlechtspartnern zufrieden geben müssen. Der überraschendste Befund hierzu ist, dass die Aufspaltung in „emanzipierte“ und „abhängige“ Weibchen mit einer morphologischen Spezialisierung des Schnabels einhergeht. Dies zeigt an, dass wohl auch erbliche Komponenten zu diesem Verhaltensunterschied beitragen. Männliches Paarungsverhalten ist gekennzeichnet von Konkurrenz um den Besitz der besten Brutreviere und vom Anpreisen eigener Qualitäten gegenüber den Weibchen, da diese Faktoren den Reproduktionserfolg der Männchen bestimmen. Welchen Erfolg Männchen beim Erlangen von Kopulationen hatten, hing in erster Linie von der Qualität ihres Gesangs ab. Ein Befund, der erklärt, warum Männchen, in der Zeit, wenn Weibchen fruchtbar sind, den Großteil des Tages mit Singen verbringen. Weibchen bevorzugten solche Männchen als Kopulationspartner, die in der Lage waren, Töne mit steilen Frequenzmodulationen mit konstant hoher Lautstärke zu singen. Untersuchungen zu physiologischen Limitierungen der Tonerzeugung legen nahe, dass feine Unterschiede in der Qualität der Darbietung durchaus ein ehrliches Signal für die Qualität des Männchens sein können. Die vorliegende Studie ist die erste, die nahe legt, dass Weibchen die Qualität männlichen Gesangs an feinen Unterschieden in der Tonproduktion festmachen könnten. Diese Beobachtung erinnert daran, dass auch wir die Fähigkeiten eines menschlichen Sängers an (im weiteren Sinne) ähnlichen Kriterien messen. Interessanterweise hatten, beim Dunkellaubsänger, gute Sänger bessere Chancen, den Winter zu überleben. Dies weist darauf hin, dass Weibchen die Lebensfähigkeit ihres Nachwuchses dadurch erhöhen, dass sie außerpaarliche Kopulationen mit guten Sängern suchen („Gute-Gene-Hypothese“). Im allgemeinen zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass für ein umfassendes Verständnis eines Paarungssystems eine detaillierte Analyse alternativer Verhaltensstrategien und individueller reproduktiver Taktiken notwendig ist.
KW  - Laubsänger
KW  - Polygynie
KW  - Magadan <Region>
KW  - Dunkler Laubsänger
KW  - Polygynie
KW  - außerpaarliche Vaterschaft
KW  - Paarungssystem
KW  - Vögel
KW  - polygyny
KW  - extra-pair paternity
KW  - mating system
KW  - birds
Y1  - 2001
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-1232
ER  -