TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koutsilieri, E.
A1  - Lutz, M. B.
A1  - Scheller, C.
T1  - Autoimmunity, dendritic cells and relevance for Parkinson’s disease
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
N2  - Innate and adaptive immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases have become recently a focus of research and discussions. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder without known etiopathogenesis. The past decade has generated evidence for an involvement of the immune system in PD pathogenesis. Both inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms have been recognized and studies have emphasized the role of activated microglia and T-cell infiltration. In this short review, we focus on dendritic cells, on their role in initiation of autoimmune responses, we discuss aspects of neuroinflammation and autoimmunity in PD, and we report new evidence for the involvement of neuromelanin in these processes.
KW  - Parkinson
KW  - dendritic cells
KW  - autoimmunity
KW  - immune neuromelanin
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132308
VL  - 120
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gschmack, Eva
A1  - Monoranu, Camelia-Maria
A1  - Marouf, Hecham
A1  - Meyer, Sarah
A1  - Lessel, Lena
A1  - Idris, Raja
A1  - Berg, Daniela
A1  - Maetzler, Walter
A1  - Steigerwald, Frank
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Gerlach, Manfred
A1  - Riederer, Peter
A1  - Koutsilieri, Eleni
A1  - Scheller, Carsten
T1  - Plasma autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) react with brain areas according to Braak staging of Parkinson’s disease
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
N2  - Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progredient degeneration of the brain, starting at deep subcortical areas such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves (DM) (stage 1), followed by the coeruleus–subcoeruleus complex; (stage 2), the substantia nigra (SN) (stage 3), the anteromedial temporal mesocortex (MC) (stage 4), high-order sensory association areas and prefrontal fields (HC) (stage 5) and finally first-order sensory association areas, premotor areas, as well as primary sensory and motor field (FC) (stage 6). Autoimmunity might play a role in PD pathogenesis. Here we analyzed whether anti-brain autoantibodies differentially recognize different human brain areas and identified autoantigens that correlate with the above-described dissemination of PD pathology in the brain. Brain tissue was obtained from deceased individuals with no history of neurological or psychiatric disease and no neuropathological abnormalities. Tissue homogenates from different brain regions (DM, SN, MC, HC, FC) were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Blots were incubated with plasma samples from 30 PD patients and 30 control subjects and stained with anti-IgG antibodies to detect anti-brain autoantibodies. Signals were quantified. Prominent autoantigens were identified by 2D-gel-coupled mass spectrometry sequencing. Anti-brain autoantibodies are frequent and occur both in healthy controls and individuals with PD. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was identified as a prominent autoantigen recognized in all plasma samples. GFAP immunoreactivity was highest in DM areas and lowest in FC areas with no significant differences in anti-GFAP autoantibody titers between healthy controls and individuals with PD. The anti-GFAP autoimmunoreactivity of different brain areas correlates with the dissemination of histopathological neurodegeneration in PD. We hypothesize that GFAP autoantibodies are physiological but might be involved as a cofactor in PD pathogenesis secondary to a leakage of the blood–brain barrier.
KW  - Parkinson
KW  - GFAP
KW  - autoantibodies
KW  - Braak
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325161
VL  - 129
IS  - 5-6
ER  -