TY - JOUR A1 - Wölk, Julian A1 - Sütterlin, Stefan A1 - Koch, Stefan A1 - Vögele, Claus A1 - Schulz, Stefan M. T1 - Enhanced cardiac perception predicts impaired performance in the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with panic disorder JF - Brain and Behavior N2 - OBJECTIVE: Somatic marker theory predicts that somatic cues serve intuitive decision making; however, cardiovascular symptoms are threat cues for patients with panic disorder (PD). Therefore, enhanced cardiac perception may aid intuitive decision making only in healthy individuals, but impair intuitive decision making in PD patients. METHODS: PD patients and age-and sex-matched volunteers without a psychiatric diagnosis (n=17, respectively) completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) as a measure of intuitive decision making. Interindividual differences in cardiac perception were assessed with a common mental-tracking task. RESULTS: In line with our hypothesis, we found a pattern of opposing associations (Fisher's Z=1.78, P=0.04) of high cardiac perception with improved IGT-performance in matched control-participants (r=0.36, n=14) but impaired IGT-performance in PD patients (r=-0.38, n=13). CONCLUSION: Interoceptive skills, typically assumed to aid intuitive decision making, can have the opposite effect in PD patients who experience interoceptive cues as threatening, and tend to avoid them. This may explain why PD patients frequently have problems with decision making in everyday life. Screening of cardiac perception may help identifying patients who benefit from specifically tailored interventions. KW - panic disorder KW - somatic marker hypothesis KW - cardiac perception KW - Iowa Gambling Task KW - decision making KW - interoception Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119865 SN - 2162-3279 VL - 4 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trafimow, David A1 - Amrhein, Valentin A1 - Areshenkoff, Corson N. A1 - Barrera-Causil, Carlos J. A1 - Beh, Eric J. A1 - Bilgiç, Yusuf K. A1 - Bono, Roser A1 - Bradley, Michael T. A1 - Briggs, William M. A1 - Cepeda-Freyre, Héctor A. A1 - Chaigneau, Sergio E. A1 - Ciocca, Daniel R. A1 - Correa, Juan C. A1 - Cousineau, Denis A1 - de Boer, Michiel R. A1 - Dhar, Subhra S. A1 - Dolgov, Igor A1 - Gómez-Benito, Juana A1 - Grendar, Marian A1 - Grice, James W. A1 - Guerrero-Gimenez, Martin E. A1 - Gutiérrez, Andrés A1 - Huedo-Medina, Tania B. A1 - Jaffe, Klaus A1 - Janyan, Armina A1 - Karimnezhad, Ali A1 - Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi A1 - Kosugi, Koji A1 - Lachmair, Martin A1 - Ledesma, Rubén D. A1 - Limongi, Roberto A1 - Liuzza, Marco T. A1 - Lombardo, Rosaria A1 - Marks, Michael J. A1 - Meinlschmidt, Gunther A1 - Nalborczyk, Ladislas A1 - Nguyen, Hung T. A1 - Ospina, Raydonal A1 - Perezgonzalez, Jose D. A1 - Pfister, Roland A1 - Rahona, Juan J. A1 - Rodríguez-Medina, David A. A1 - Romão, Xavier A1 - Ruiz-Fernández, Susana A1 - Suarez, Isabel A1 - Tegethoff, Marion A1 - Tejo, Mauricio A1 - van de Schoot, Rens A1 - Vankov, Ivan I. A1 - Velasco-Forero, Santiago A1 - Wang, Tonghui A1 - Yamada, Yuki A1 - Zoppino, Felipe C. M. A1 - Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando T1 - Manipulating the Alpha Level Cannot Cure Significance Testing JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, or anything else, is not acceptable. KW - statistical significance KW - null hypothesis testing KW - p-value KW - significance testing KW - decision making Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189973 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 IS - 699 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riepl, Korbinian A1 - Mussel, Patrick A1 - Osinsky, Roman A1 - Hewig, Johannes T1 - Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior, Feedback-Related Negativity, and P3b in the Ultimatum Game JF - PLoS One N2 - The present study investigates how different emotions can alter social bargaining behavior. An important paradigm to study social bargaining is the Ultimatum Game. There, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject a large proportion of all unfair offers. We analyzed participants’ behavior when they played the Ultimatum Game as responders and simultaneously collected electroencephalogram data in order to quantify the feedback-related negativity and P3b components. We induced state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task) via short movie clips and measured trait affect (longer-lasting emotional dispositions) via questionnaires. State happiness led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that unfair offers elicited larger feedback-related negativity amplitudes than fair offers. Additionally, an interaction of state and trait affect occurred: high trait negative affect (subsuming a variety of aversive mood states) led to increased feedback-related negativity amplitudes when participants were in an angry mood, but not if they currently experienced fear or happiness. We discuss that increased rumination might be responsible for this result, which might not occur, however, when people experience happiness or fear. Apart from that, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications of our results in the light of theories and research on depression and anxiety. KW - emotions KW - ultimatum game KW - fear KW - happiness KW - behavior KW - decision making KW - electroencephalography KW - event-related potentials Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147386 VL - 7 IS - 11 ER -