TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimny, Sebastian
A1  - Koob, Dennis
A1  - Li, Jingguo
A1  - Wimmer, Ralf
A1  - Schiergens, Tobias
A1  - Nagel, Jutta
A1  - Reiter, Florian Paul
A1  - Denk, Gerald
A1  - Hohenester, Simon
T1  - Hydrophobic bile salts induce pro-fibrogenic proliferation of hepatic stellate cells through PI3K p110 alpha signaling
JF  - Cells
N2  - Bile salts accumulating during cholestatic liver disease are believed to promote liver fibrosis. We have recently shown that chenodeoxycholate (CDC) induces expansion of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vivo, thereby promoting liver fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying bile salt-induced fibrogenesis remain elusive. We aimed to characterize the effects of different bile salts on HSC biology and investigated underlying signaling pathways. Murine HSCs (mHSCs) were stimulated with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile salts. Proliferation, cell mass, collagen deposition, and activation of signaling pathways were determined. Activation of the human HSC cell line LX 2 was assessed by quantification of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression. Phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signaling was inhibited both pharmacologically and by siRNA. CDC, the most abundant bile salt accumulating in human cholestasis, but no other bile salt tested, induced Protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation and promoted HSC proliferation and subsequent collagen deposition. Pharmacological inhibition of the upstream target PI3K-inhibited activation of PKB and pro-fibrogenic proliferation of HSCs. The PI3K p110α-specific inhibitor Alpelisib and siRNA-mediated knockdown of p110α ameliorated pro-fibrogenic activation of mHSC and LX 2 cells, respectively. In summary, pro-fibrogenic signaling in mHSCs is selectively induced by CDC. PI3K p110α may be a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of bile salt-induced fibrogenesis in cholestasis.
KW  - cholestasis
KW  - HSC
KW  - myofibroblast
KW  - chenodeoxycholate
KW  - phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase p110 alpha
KW  - Alpelisib
KW  - liver fibrosis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281806
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 11
IS  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barahona de Brito, Carlotta
A1  - Klein-Hessling, Stefan
A1  - Serfling, Edgar
A1  - Patra, Amiya Kumar
T1  - Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance and multiple lineage differentiation is an integral function of NFATc1
JF  - Cells
N2  - Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance and the differentiation of various lineages is a highly complex but precisely regulated process. Multiple signaling pathways and an array of transcription factors influence HSPC maintenance and the differentiation of individual lineages to constitute a functional hematopoietic system. Nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) family transcription factors have been studied in the context of development and function of multiple mature hematopoietic lineage cells. However, until now their contribution in HSPC physiology and HSPC differentiation to multiple hematopoietic lineages has remained poorly understood. Here, we show that NFAT proteins, specifically NFATc1, play an indispensable role in the maintenance of HSPCs. In the absence of NFATc1, very few HSPCs develop in the bone marrow, which are functionally defective. In addition to HSPC maintenance, NFATc1 also critically regulates differentiation of lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid lineage cells from HSPCs. Deficiency of NFATc1 strongly impaired, while enhanced NFATc1 activity augmented, the differentiation of these lineages, which further attested to the vital involvement of NFATc1 in regulating hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic defects due to lack of NFATc1 activity can lead to severe pathologies such as lymphopenia, myelopenia, and a drastically reduced lifespan underlining the critical role NFATc1 plays in HSPC maintenance and in the differentaion of various lineages. Our findings suggest that NFATc1 is a critical component of the myriad signaling and transcriptional regulators that are essential to maintain normal hematopoiesis.
KW  - hematopoiesis
KW  - HSC
KW  - lineage differentiation
KW  - NFATc1
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278809
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 11
IS  - 13
ER  -