TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Matthias
A1  - Chen, Shilin
A1  - Song, Jingyuan
A1  - Ankenbrand, Markus
A1  - Müller, Tobias
T1  - Compensatory Base Changes in ITS2 Secondary Structures Correlate with the Biological Species Concept Despite Intragenomic Variability in ITS2 Sequences – A Proof of Concept
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Compensatory base changes (CBCs) in internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA secondary structures correlate with Ernst Mayr’s biological species concept. This hypothesis also referred to as the CBC species concept recently was subjected to large-scale testing, indicating two distinct probabilities. (1) If there is a CBC then there are two different species with a probability of ~0.93. (2) If there is no CBC then there is the same species with a probability of ~0.76. In ITS2 research, however, the main problem is the multicopy nature of ITS2 sequences. Most recently, 454 pyrosequencing data have been used to characterize more than 5000 intragenomic variations of ITS2 regions from 178 plant species, demonstrating that mutation of ITS2 is frequent, with a mean of 35 variants per species, respectively per individual organism. In this study, using those 454 data, the CBC criterion is reconsidered in the light of intragenomic variability, a proof of concept, a necessary criterion, expecting no intragenomic CBCs in variant ITS2 copies. In accordance with the CBC species concept, we could demonstrate that the probability that there is no intragenomic CBC is ~0.99.
KW  - citrus
KW  - concerted evolution
KW  - DNA sequences
KW  - Genome evolution
KW  - Phylogenetics
KW  - plant evolution
KW  - sequence alignment
KW  - sequence databases
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96450
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schreier, Peter
A1  - Binns, Colin
A1  - Högger, Petra
A1  - Wu, Dayong
T1  - It began with citrus
N2  - First Editorial of Open Access Journal "Nutrition and Medicine (NUME)" published by Würzburg University Press: http://nume.de
KW  - Ernährung
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Citrus
KW  - Geschichte
KW  - nutrition
KW  - medicine
KW  - citrus
KW  - history
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-74918
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Espina, Laura
A1  - Pagán, Rafael
A1  - López, Daniel
A1  - García-Gonzalo, Diego
T1  - Individual Constituents from Essential Oils Inhibit Biofilm Mass Production by Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
JF  - Molecules
N2  - Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus represents a problem in both the medical field and the food industry, because the biofilm structure provides protection to embedded cells and it strongly attaches to surfaces. This circumstance is leading to many research programs seeking new alternatives to control biofilm formation by this pathogen. In this study we show that a potent inhibition of biofilm mass production can be achieved in community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive strains using plant compounds, such as individual constituents (ICs) of essential oils (carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene). The Crystal Violet staining technique was used to evaluate biofilm mass formation during 40 h of incubation. Carvacrol is the most effective IC, abrogating biofilm formation in all strains tested, while CA-MRSA was the most sensitive phenotype to any of the ICs tested. Inhibition of planktonic cells by ICs during initial growth stages could partially explain the inhibition of biofilm formation. Overall, our results show the potential of EOs to prevent biofilm formation, especially in strains that exhibit resistance to other antimicrobials. As these compounds are food additives generally recognized as safe, their anti-biofilm properties may lead to important new applications, such as sanitizers, in the food industry or in clinical settings.
KW  - Listeria monocytogenes
KW  - carvacrol
KW  - strains
KW  - essential oils
KW  - anti-biofilm
KW  - bacterial biofilms
KW  - food industry
KW  - antibacterial
KW  - inactivation
KW  - components
KW  - citrus
KW  - biofilms
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
KW  - (+)-limonene
KW  - citral
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151845
VL  - 20
SP  - 11357
EP  - 11372
ER  -