TY - JOUR A1 - Focken, T. A1 - Steinemann, D. A1 - Skawran, B. A1 - Hofmann, W. A1 - Ahrens, P. A1 - Arnold, N. A1 - Kroll, P. A1 - Kreipe, H. A1 - Schlegelberger, B. A1 - Gadzicki, D. T1 - Human BRCA1-associated breast cancer: No increase in numerical chromosomal instability compared to sporadic tumors JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - BRCA1 is a major gatekeeper of genomic stability. Acting in multiple central processes like double-strand break repair, centrosome replication, and checkpoint control, BRCA1 participates in maintaining genomic integrity and protects the cell against genomic instability. Chromosomal instability (CIN) as part of genomic instability is an inherent characteristic of most solid tumors and is also involved in breast cancer development. In this study, we determined the extent of CIN in 32 breast cancer tumors of women with a BRCA1 germline mutation compared to 62 unselected breast cancers. We applied fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere-specific probes for the chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 10, 17, and X and locus-specific probes for 3q27 (BCL6), 5p15.2 (D5S23), 5q31 (EGR1), 10q23.3 (PTEN), and 14q32 (IGH@) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarray sections. Our hypothesis of an increased level of CIN in BRCA1-associated breast cancer could not be confirmed by this approach. Surprisingly, we detected no significant difference in the extent of CIN in BRCA1-mutated versus sporadic tumors. The only exception was the CIN value for chromosome 1. Here, the extent of CIN was slightly higher in the group of sporadic tumors. KW - Hereditary breast cancer KW - BRCA1 KW - Chromosomal instability KW - CIN KW - Fluorescence in situ hybridization Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196770 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 135 IS - 2 SP - 84 EP - 92 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Galetzka, Danuta A1 - Hansmann, Tamara A1 - El Hajj, Nady A1 - Weis, Eva A1 - Irmscher, Benjamin A1 - Ludwig, Marco A1 - Schneider-Rätzke, Brigitte A1 - Kohlschmidt, Nicolai A1 - Beyer, Vera A1 - Bartsch, Oliver A1 - Zechner, Ulrich A1 - Spix, Claudia A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Monozygotic twins discordant for constitutive BRCA1 promoter methylation, childhood cancer and secondary cancer JF - Epigenetics N2 - We describe monozygotic twins discordant for childhood leukemia and secondary thyroid carcinoma. We used bisulfite pyrosequencing to compare the constitutive promoter methylation of BRCA1 and several other tumor suppressor genes in primary fibroblasts. The affected twin displayed an increased BRCA1 methylation (12%), compared with her sister (3%). Subsequent bisulfite plasmid sequencing demonstrated that 13% (6 of 47) BRCA1 alleles were fully methylated in the affected twin, whereas her sister displayed only single CpG errors without functional implications. This between-twin methylation difference was also found in irradiated fibroblasts and untreated saliva cells. The BRCA1 epimutation may have originated by an early somatic event in the affected twin: approximately 25% of her body cells derived from different embryonic cell lineages carry one epigenetically inactivated BRCA1 allele. This epimutation was associated with reduced basal protein levels and a higher induction of BRCA1 after DNA damage. In addition, we performed a genome-wide microarray analysis of both sisters and found several copy number variations, i.e., heterozygous deletion and reduced expression of the RSPO3 gene in the affected twin. This monozygotic twin pair represents an impressive example of epigenetic somatic mosaicism, suggesting a role for constitutive epimutations, maybe along with de novo genetic alterations in recurrent tumor development. KW - BRCA1 KW - childhood cancer KW - DNA Methylation KW - epimutation KW - monozygotic twins KW - secondary cancer KW - somatic mosaicism Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125386 VL - 7 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vigorito, Elena A1 - Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B. A1 - Beesley, Jonathan A1 - Adlard, Julian A1 - Agnarsson, Bjarni A. A1 - Andrulis, Irene L. A1 - Arun, Banu K. A1 - Barjhoux, Laure A1 - Belotti, Muriel A1 - Benitez, Javier A1 - Berger, Andreas A1 - Bojesen, Anders A1 - Bonanni, Bernardo A1 - Brewer, Carole A1 - Caldes, Trinidad A1 - Caligo, Maria A. A1 - Campbell, Ian A1 - Chan, Salina B. A1 - Claes, Kathleen B. M. A1 - Cohn, David E. A1 - Cook, Jackie A1 - Daly, Mary B. A1 - Damiola, Francesca A1 - Davidson, Rosemarie A1 - de Pauw, Antoine A1 - Delnatte, Capucine A1 - Diez, Orland A1 - Domchek, Susan M. A1 - Dumont, Martine A1 - Durda, Katarzyna A1 - Dworniczak, Bernd A1 - Easton, Douglas F. A1 - Eccles, Diana A1 - Ardnor, Christina Edwinsdotter A1 - Eeles, Ros A1 - Ejlertsen, Bent A1 - Ellis, Steve A1 - Evans, D. Gareth A1 - Feliubadalo, Lidia A1 - Fostira, Florentia A1 - Foulkes, William D. A1 - Friedman, Eitan A1 - Frost, Debra A1 - Gaddam, Pragna A1 - Ganz, Patricia A. A1 - Garber, Judy A1 - Garcia-Barberan, Vanesa A1 - Gauthier-Villars, Marion A1 - Gehrig, Andrea A1 - Gerdes, Anne-Marie A1 - Giraud, Sophie A1 - Godwin, Andrew K. A1 - Goldgar, David E. A1 - Hake, Christopher R. A1 - Hansen, Thomas V. O. A1 - Healey, Sue A1 - Hodgson, Shirley A1 - Hogervorst, Frans B. L. A1 - Houdayer, Claude A1 - Hulick, Peter J. A1 - Imyanitov, Evgeny N. A1 - Isaacs, Claudine A1 - Izatt, Louise A1 - Izquierdo, Angel A1 - Jacobs, Lauren A1 - Jakubowska, Anna A1 - Janavicius, Ramunas A1 - Jaworska-Bieniek, Katarzyna A1 - Jensen, Uffe Birk A1 - John, Esther M. A1 - Vijai, Joseph A1 - Karlan, Beth Y. A1 - Kast, Karin A1 - Khan, Sofia A1 - Kwong, Ava A1 - Laitman, Yael A1 - Lester, Jenny A1 - Lesueur, Fabienne A1 - Liljegren, Annelie A1 - Lubinski, Jan A1 - Mai, Phuong L. A1 - Manoukian, Siranoush A1 - Mazoyer, Sylvie A1 - Meindl, Alfons A1 - Mensenkamp, Arjen R. A1 - Montagna, Marco A1 - Nathanson, Katherine L. A1 - Neuhausen, Susan L. A1 - Nevanlinna, Heli A1 - Niederacher, Dieter A1 - Olah, Edith A1 - Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. A1 - Ong, Kai-ren A1 - Osorio, Ana A1 - Park, Sue Kyung A1 - Paulsson-Karlsson, Ylva A1 - Pedersen, Inge Sokilde A1 - Peissel, Bernard A1 - Peterlongo, Paolo A1 - Pfeiler, Georg A1 - Phelan, Catherine M. A1 - Piedmonte, Marion A1 - Poppe, Bruce A1 - Pujana, Miquel Angel A1 - Radice, Paolo A1 - Rennert, Gad A1 - Rodriguez, Gustavo C. A1 - Rookus, Matti A. A1 - Ross, Eric A. A1 - Schmutzler, Rita Katharina A1 - Simard, Jacques A1 - Singer, Christian F. A1 - Slavin, Thomas P. A1 - Soucy, Penny A1 - Southey, Melissa A1 - Steinemann, Doris A1 - Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique A1 - Sukiennicki, Grzegorz A1 - Sutter, Christian A1 - Szabo, Csilla I. A1 - Tea, Muy-Kheng A1 - Teixeira, Manuel R. A1 - Teo, Soo-Hwang A1 - Terry, Mary Beth A1 - Thomassen, Mads A1 - Tibiletti, Maria Grazia A1 - Tihomirova, Laima A1 - Tognazzo, Silvia A1 - van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. A1 - Varesco, Liliana A1 - Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda A1 - Vratimos, Athanassios A1 - Weitzel, Jeffrey N. A1 - McGuffog, Lesley A1 - Kirk, Judy A1 - Toland, Amanda Ewart A1 - Hamann, Ute A1 - Lindor, Noralane A1 - Ramus, Susan J. A1 - Greene, Mark H. A1 - Couch, Fergus J. A1 - Offit, Kenneth A1 - Pharoah, Paul D. P. A1 - Chenevix-Trench, Georgia A1 - Antoniou, Antonis C. T1 - Fine-Scale Mapping at 9p22.2 Identifies Candidate Causal Variants That Modify Ovarian Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Population-based genome wide association studies have identified a locus at 9p22.2 associated with ovarian cancer risk, which also modifies ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. We conducted fine-scale mapping at 9p22.2 to identify potential causal variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Genotype data were available for 15,252 (2,462 ovarian cancer cases) BRCA1 and 8,211 (631 ovarian cancer cases) BRCA2 mutation carriers. Following genotype imputation, ovarian cancer associations were assessed for 4,873 and 5,020 SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers respectively, within a retrospective cohort analytical framework. In BRCA1 mutation carriers one set of eight correlated candidate causal variants for ovarian cancer risk modification was identified (top SNP rs10124837, HR: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.68 to 0.79, p-value 2× 10−16). These variants were located up to 20 kb upstream of BNC2. In BRCA2 mutation carriers one region, up to 45 kb upstream of BNC2, and containing 100 correlated SNPs was identified as candidate causal (top SNP rs62543585, HR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.59 to 0.80, p-value 1.0 × 10−6). The candidate causal in BRCA1 mutation carriers did not include the strongest associated variant at this locus in the general population. In sum, we identified a set of candidate causal variants in a region that encompasses the BNC2 transcription start site. The ovarian cancer association at 9p22.2 may be mediated by different variants in BRCA1 mutation carriers and in the general population. Thus, potentially different mechanisms may underlie ovarian cancer risk for mutation carriers and the general population. KW - fine-scale mapping KW - ovarian cancer KW - genetics KW - BRCA1 KW - BRCA2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166869 VL - 11 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, Christoph A1 - Rhiem, Kerstin A1 - Hahnen, Eric A1 - Loibl, Sibylle A1 - Weber, Karsten E. A1 - Seiler, Sabine A1 - Zachariae, Silke A1 - Hauke, Jan A1 - Wappenschmidt, Barbara A1 - Waha, Anke A1 - Blümcke, Britta A1 - Kiechle, Marion A1 - Meindl, Alfons A1 - Niederacher, Dieter A1 - Bartram, Claus R. A1 - Speiser, Dorothee A1 - Schlegelberger, Brigitte A1 - Arnold, Norbert A1 - Wieacker, Peter A1 - Leinert, Elena A1 - Gehrig, Andrea A1 - Briest, Susanne A1 - Kast, Karin A1 - Riess, Olaf A1 - Emons, Günter A1 - Weber, Bernhard H. F. A1 - Engel, Jutta A1 - Schmutzler, Rita K. T1 - Prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1/2 germline mutations among 802 women with unilateral triple-negative breast cancer without family cancer history JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background There is no international consensus up to which age women with a diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and no family history of breast or ovarian cancer should be offered genetic testing for germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (gBRCA) mutations. Here, we explored the association of age at TNBC diagnosis with the prevalence of pathogenic gBRCA mutations in this patient group. Methods The study comprised 802 women (median age 40 years, range 19-76) with oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 negative breast cancers, who had no relatives with breast or ovarian cancer. All women were tested for pathogenic gBRCA mutations. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between age at TNBC diagnosis and the presence of a pathogenic gBRCA mutation. Results A total of 127 women with TNBC(15.8%) were gBRCA mutation carriers (BRCA1: n = 118, 14.7%; BRCA2: n = 9, 1. 1%). The mutation prevalence was 32.9% in the age group 20-29 years compared to 6.9% in the age group 60-69 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase of mutation frequency with decreasing age at diagnosis (odds ratio 1.87 per 10 year decrease, 95% CI 1.50-2.32, p < 0.001). gBRCA mutation risk was predicted to be > 10% for women diagnosed below approximately 50 years. Conclusions Based on the general understanding that a heterozygous mutation probability of 10% or greater justifies gBRCA mutation screening, women with TNBC diagnosed before the age of 50 years and no familial history of breast and ovarian cancer should be tested for gBRCA mutations. In Germany, this would concern approximately 880 women with newly diagnosed TNBC per year, of whom approximately 150 are expected to be identified as carriers of a pathogenic gBRCA mutation. KW - hereditary breast and ovarian cancer KW - BRCA1 KW - BRCA2 KW - triple-negative breast cancer Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226763 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sepahi, Ilnaz A1 - Faust, Ulrike A1 - Sturm, Marc A1 - Bosse, Kristin A1 - Kehrer, Martin A1 - Heinrich, Tilman A1 - Grundman-Hauser, Kathrin A1 - Bauer, Peter A1 - Ossowski, Stephan A1 - Susak, Hana A1 - Varon, Raymonda A1 - Schröck, Evelin A1 - Niederacher, Dieter A1 - Auber, Bernd A1 - Sutter, Christian A1 - Arnold, Norbert A1 - Hahnen, Eric A1 - Dworniczak, Bernd A1 - Wang-Gorke, Shan A1 - Gehrig, Andrea A1 - Weber, Bernhard H. F. A1 - Engel, Christoph A1 - Lemke, Johannes R. A1 - Hartkopf, Andreas A1 - Huu Phuc, Nguyen A1 - Riess, Olaf A1 - Schroeder, Christopher T1 - Investigating the effects of additional truncating variants in DNA-repair genes on breast cancer risk in BRCA1-positive women JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most common causes of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). The risk of developing breast cancer by age 80 in women carrying a BRCA1 pathogenic variant is 72%. The lifetime risk varies between families and even within affected individuals of the same family. The cause of this variability is largely unknown, but it is hypothesized that additional genetic factors contribute to differences in age at onset (AAO). Here we investigated whether truncating and rare missense variants in genes of different DNA-repair pathways contribute to this phenomenon. Methods We used extreme phenotype sampling to recruit 133 BRCA1-positive patients with either early breast cancer onset, below 35 (early AAO cohort) or cancer-free by age 60 (controls). Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used to screen for variants in 311 genes involved in different DNA-repair pathways. Results Patients with an early AAO (73 women) had developed breast cancer at a median age of 27 years (interquartile range (IQR); 25.00–27.00 years). A total of 3703 variants were detected in all patients and 43 of those (1.2%) were truncating variants. The truncating variants were found in 26 women of the early AAO group (35.6%; 95%-CI 24.7 - 47.7%) compared to 16 women of controls (26.7%; 95%-CI 16.1 to 39.7%). When adjusted for environmental factors and family history, the odds ratio indicated an increased breast cancer risk for those carrying an additional truncating DNA-repair variant to BRCA1 mutation (OR: 3.1; 95%-CI 0.92 to 11.5; p-value = 0.07), although it did not reach the conventionally acceptable significance level of 0.05. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first time that the combined effect of truncating variants in DNA-repair genes on AAO in patients with hereditary breast cancer is investigated. Our results indicate that co-occurring truncating variants might be associated with an earlier onset of breast cancer in BRCA1-positive patients. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results. KW - breast cancer KW - age at onset KW - DNA-repair genes KW - next-generation-sequencing KW - panel sequencing KW - extreme phenotypes KW - hereditary breast and ovarian cancer KW - BRCA1 KW - DNA-repair Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237676 VL - 19 ER -