TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zinner, Christoph
A1  - Morales-Alamo, David
A1  - Ørtenblad, Niels
A1  - Larsen, Filip J.
A1  - Schiffer, Tomas A.
A1  - Willis, Sarah J.
A1  - Gelabert-Rebato, Miriam
A1  - Perez-Valera, Mario
A1  - Boushel, Robert
A1  - Calbet, Jose A. L.
A1  - Holmberg, Hans-Christer
T1  - The Physiological Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement with Sprint Interval Training Differ between the Upper and Lower Extremities in Humans
JF  - Frontiers in Physiology
N2  - To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in adaptation of arm and leg muscles to sprint training, over a period of 11 days 16 untrained men performed six sessions of 4–6 × 30-s all-out sprints (SIT) with the legs and arms, separately, with a 1-h interval of recovery. Limb-specific VO2peak, sprint performance (two 30-s Wingate tests with 4-min recovery), muscle efficiency and time-trial performance (TT, 5-min all-out) were assessed and biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii taken before and after training. VO2peak and Wmax increased 3–11% after training, with a more pronounced change in the arms (P < 0.05). Gross efficiency improved for the arms (+8.8%, P < 0.05), but not the legs (−0.6%). Wingate peak and mean power outputs improved similarly for the arms and legs, as did TT performance. After training, VO2 during the two Wingate tests was increased by 52 and 6% for the arms and legs, respectively (P < 0.001). In the case of the arms, VO2 was higher during the first than second Wingate test (64 vs. 44%, P < 0.05). During the TT, relative exercise intensity, HR, VO2, VCO2, VE, and Vt were all lower during arm-cranking than leg-pedaling, and oxidation of fat was minimal, remaining so after training. Despite the higher relative intensity, fat oxidation was 70% greater during leg-pedaling (P = 0.017). The aerobic energy contribution in the legs was larger than for the arms during the Wingate tests, although VO2 for the arms was enhanced more by training, reducing the O2 deficit after SIT. The levels of muscle glycogen, as well as the myosin heavy chain composition were unchanged in both cases, while the activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were elevated only in the legs and capillarization enhanced in both limbs. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables that predict TT performance differ for the arms and legs. The primary mechanism of adaptation to SIT by both the arms and legs is enhancement of aerobic energy production. However, with their higher proportion of fast muscle fibers, the arms exhibit greater plasticity.
KW  - high-intensity training
KW  - lower body
KW  - performance
KW  - triceps brachii
KW  - upper body
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165257
VL  - 7
IS  - 426
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schäfer, Kristina
A1  - Bauer, Boris
A1  - Donhauser, Julian
A1  - Kerstan, Andreas
A1  - Hamm, Henning
T1  - Becker Naevus Syndrome of the Lower Body: A New Case and Review of the Literature
JF  - Acta Dermato-Venereologica
N2  - Becker naevus syndrome is a rare epidermal naevus syndrome defined by the co-occurrence of a Becker naevus with various cutaneous, muscular and skeletal anomalies. In the majority of cases, abnormalities exclusively consist of ipsilateral hypoplasia of the breast, areola and/or nipple in addition to the naevus. Here, we report on a 42-year-old woman with an extensive Becker naevus reaching from the left buttock to the left calf verified on histological examination. In addition, there was marked hypoplasia of the fatty tissue of the left thigh confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in contrast to hyperplasia of the fatty tissue of the left gluteal area. Underlying muscles and bones were not affected. There was no difference in leg lengths. In addition, we review and discuss the features of Becker naevus syndrome with emphasis on 10 reported cases with involvement of the lower body.
KW  - lower body
KW  - Becker naevus
KW  - Becker naevus syndrome
KW  - hypoplasia of fatty tissue
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171057
VL  - 97
IS  - 4
ER  -