TY  - JOUR
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Reiss, Guido J.
A1  - Frohn, Hermann-Josef
T1  - 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene
N2  - no abstract available
KW  - Chemie
KW  - single-crystal X-ray study
KW  - T = 199 K
KW  - R factor = 0.027
KW  - wR factor = 0.068
KW  - data-to-parameter ratio = 14.0.
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75401
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raslan, Furat
A1  - Albert-Weißenberger, Christiane
A1  - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo
A1  - Kleinschnitz, Christoph
A1  - Sirén, Anna-Leena
T1  - Focal brain trauma in the cryogenic lesion model in mice
N2  - The method to induce unilateral cryogenic lesions was first described in 1958 by Klatzo. We describe here an adaptation of this model that allows reliable measurement of lesion volume and vasogenic edema by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-staining and Evans blue extravasation in mice. A copper or aluminium cylinder with a tip diameter of 2.5 mm is cooled with liquid nitrogen and placed on the exposed skull bone over the parietal cortex (coordinates from bregma: 1.5 mm posterior, 1.5 mm lateral). The tip diameter and the contact time between the tip and the parietal skull determine the extent of cryolesion. Due to an early damage of the blood brain barrier, the cryogenic cortical injury is characterized by vasogenic edema, marked brain swelling, and inflammation. The lesion grows during the first 24 hours, a process involving complex interactions between endothelial cells, immune cells, cerebral blood flow, and the intracranial pressure. These contribute substantially to the damage from the initial injury. The major advantage of the cryogenic lesion model is the circumscribed and highly reproducible lesion size and location.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Experimental brain trauma
KW  - Cryolesion
KW  - Secondary traumatic brain damage
KW  - Mice
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75419
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spannaus, Ralf
A1  - Hartl, Maximilian J.
A1  - Wöhrl, Birgitta M.
A1  - Rethwilm, Axel
A1  - Bodem, Jochen
T1  - The prototype foamy virus protease is active independently of the integrase domain
N2  - Background: Recently, contradictory results on foamy virus protease activity were published. While our own results indicated that protease activity is regulated by the viral RNA, others suggested that the integrase is involved in the regulation of the protease. Results: To solve this discrepancy we performed additional experiments showing that the protease-reverse transcriptase (PR-RT) exhibits protease activity in vitro and in vivo, which is independent of the integrase domain. In contrast, Pol incorporation, and therefore PR activity in the viral context, is dependent on the integrase domain. To further analyse the regulation of the protease, we incorporated Pol in viruses by expressing a GagPol fusion protein, which supported near wild-type like infectivity. A GagPR-RT fusion, lacking the integrase domain, also resulted in wild-type like Gag processing, indicating that the integrase is dispensable for viral Gag maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrate with a trans-complementation assays that the PR in the context of the PR-RT protein supports in trans both, viral maturation and infectivity. Conclusion: We provide evidence that the FV integrase is required for Pol encapsidation and that the FV PR activity is integrase independent. We show that an active PR can be encapsidated in trans as a GagPR-RT fusion protein.
KW  - Medizin
KW  - Foamy virus
KW  - Regulation of protease activity
KW  - PARM
KW  - Integrase
KW  - GagPol fusion protein
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75370
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pfister, Roland
A1  - Pohl, Carsten
A1  - Kiesel, Andrea
A1  - Kunde, Wilfried
T1  - Your Unconscious Knows Your Name
N2  - One’s own name constitutes a unique part of conscious awareness – but does this also hold true for unconscious processing? The present study shows that the own name has the power to bias a person’s actions unconsciously even in conditions that render any other name ineffective. Participants judged whether a letter string on the screen was a name or a non-word while this target stimulus was preceded by a masked prime stimulus. Crucially, the participant’s own name was among these prime stimuli and facilitated reactions to following name targets whereas the name of another, yoked participant did not. Signal detection results confirmed that participants were not aware of any of the prime stimuli, including their own name. These results extend traditional findings on ‘‘breakthrough’’ phenomena of personally relevant stimuli to the domain of unconscious processing. Thus, the brain seems to possess adroit mechanisms to identify and process such stimuli even in the absence of conscious awareness.
KW  - Psychologie
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75304
ER  -