TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Thomas
A1  - Karunakaran, Mohindar M.
T1  - Butyrophilins: γδ T cell receptor ligands, immunomodulators and more
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Butyrophilins (BTN) are relatives of the B7 family (e.g., CD80, PD-L1). They fulfill a wide range of functions including immunomodulation and bind to various receptors such as the γδ T cell receptor (γδTCR) and small molecules. One intensively studied molecule is BTN3A1, which binds via its cytoplasmic B30.2 domain, metabolites of isoprenoid synthesis, designated as phosphoantigen (PAg), The enrichment of PAgs in tumors or infected cells is sensed by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, leading to the proliferation and execution of effector functions to remove these cells. This article discusses the contribution of BTNs, the related BTNL molecules and SKINT1 to the development, activation, and homeostasis of γδ T cells and their immunomodulatory potential, which makes them interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.
KW  - butyrophilin
KW  - immune therapy
KW  - T cell receptor
KW  - γδ T cell
KW  - BTN3A1
KW  - BTN2A1
KW  - phosphoantigen
KW  - tumor
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265944
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herrmann, Thomas
A1  - Karunakaran, Mohindar Murugesh
A1  - Fichtner, Alina Suzann
T1  - A glance over the fence: Using phylogeny and species comparison for a better understanding of antigen recognition by human γδ T‐cells
JF  - Immunological Reviews
N2  - Both, jawless and jawed vertebrates possess three lymphocyte lineages defined by highly diverse antigen receptors: Two T‐cell‐ and one B‐cell‐like lineage. In both phylogenetic groups, the theoretically possible number of individual antigen receptor specificities can even outnumber that of lymphocytes of a whole organism. Despite fundamental differences in structure and genetics of these antigen receptors, convergent evolution led to functional similarities between the lineages. Jawed vertebrates possess αβ and γδ T‐cells defined by eponymous αβ and γδ T‐cell antigen receptors (TCRs). “Conventional” αβ T‐cells recognize complexes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and peptides. Non‐conventional T‐cells, which can be αβ or γδ T‐cells, recognize a large variety of ligands and differ strongly in phenotype and function between species and within an organism. This review describes similarities and differences of non‐conventional T‐cells of various species and discusses ligands and functions of their TCRs. A special focus is laid on Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells whose TCRs act as sensors for phosphorylated isoprenoid metabolites, so‐called phosphoantigens (PAg), associated with microbial infections or altered host metabolism in cancer or after drug treatment. We discuss the role of butyrophilin (BTN)3A and BTN2A1 in PAg‐sensing and how species comparison can help in a better understanding of this human Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell subset.
KW  - antigen presentation
KW  - BTN2
KW  - BTN3
KW  - butyrophilin
KW  - evolution
KW  - γδ TCR
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218373
VL  - 298
IS  - 1
SP  - 218
EP  - 236
ER  -