TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koenig, Sebastian
A1  - Wolf, Reinhard
A1  - Heisenberg, Martin
T1  - Visual Attention in Flies-Dopamine in the Mushroom Bodies Mediates the After-Effect of Cueing
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Visual environments may simultaneously comprise stimuli of different significance. Often such stimuli require incompatible responses. Selective visual attention allows an animal to respond exclusively to the stimuli at a certain location in the visual field. In the process of establishing its focus of attention the animal can be influenced by external cues. Here we characterize the behavioral properties and neural mechanism of cueing in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. A cue can be attractive, repulsive or ineffective depending upon (e.g.) its visual properties and location in the visual field. Dopamine signaling in the brain is required to maintain the effect of cueing once the cue has disappeared. Raising or lowering dopamine at the synapse abolishes this after-effect. Specifically, dopamine is necessary and sufficient in the αβ-lobes of the mushroom bodies. Evidence is provided for an involvement of the αβ\(_{posterior}\) Kenyon cells.
KW  - dopamine transporters
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - synapses
KW  - dopaminergics
KW  - dopamine
KW  - sensory cues
KW  - RNA interference
KW  - vision
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179564
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Biehl, Stefanie C.
A1  - Dresler, Thomas
A1  - Reif, Andreas
A1  - Scheuerpflug, Peter
A1  - Deckert, Jürgen
A1  - Herrmann, Martin J.
T1  - Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Genotypes Differentially Impact on Electrophysiological Correlates of Error Processing
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Recent studies as well as theoretical models of error processing assign fundamental importance to the brain's dopaminergic system. Research about how the electrophysiological correlates of error processing—the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe)—are influenced by variations of common dopaminergic genes, however, is still relatively scarce. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the DAT1 gene and in the DRD4 gene, respectively, lead to interindividual differences in these error processing correlates. One hundred sixty participants completed a version of the Eriksen Flanker Task while a 26-channel EEG was recorded. The task was slightly modified in order to increase error rates. During data analysis, participants were split into two groups depending on their DAT1 and their DRD4 genotypes, respectively. ERN and Pe amplitudes after correct responses and after errors as well as difference amplitudes between errors and correct responses were analyzed. We found a differential effect of DAT1 genotype on the Pe difference amplitude but not on the ERN difference amplitude, while the reverse was true for DRD4 genotype. These findings are in line with predictions from theoretical models of dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They furthermore tie results from clinical investigations of disorders impacting on the dopamine system to genetic variations known to be at-risk genotypes.
KW  - haplotypes
KW  - electroencephalography
KW  - basal ganglia
KW  - reaction time
KW  - dopaminergics
KW  - dopamine
KW  - ADHD
KW  - research errors
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137930
VL  - 6
IS  - 12
ER  -