TY - JOUR A1 - Maudet, Claire A1 - Sourisce, Adèle A1 - Dragin, Loïc A1 - Lahouassa, Hichem A1 - Rain, Jean-Christopher A1 - Bouaziz, Serge A1 - Ramirez, Bertha Cécilia A1 - Margottin-Goguet, Florence T1 - HIV-1 Vpr Induces the Degradation of ZIP and sZIP, Adaptors of the NuRD Chromatin Remodeling Complex, by Hijacking DCAF1/VprBP JF - PLOS ONE N2 - The Vpr protein from type 1 and type 2 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) is thought to inactivate several host proteins through the hijacking of the DCAF1 adaptor of the Cul4A ubiquitin ligase. Here, we identified two transcriptional regulators, ZIP and sZIP, as Vpr-binding proteins degraded in the presence of Vpr. ZIP and sZIP have been shown to act through the recruitment of the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex. Strikingly, chromatin is the only cellular fraction where Vpr is present together with Cul4A ubiquitin ligase subunits. Components of the NuRD complex and exogenous ZIP and sZIP were also associated with this fraction. Several lines of evidence indicate that Vpr induces ZIP and sZIP degradation by hijacking DCAF1: (i) Vpr induced a drastic decrease of exogenously expressed ZIP and sZIP in a dose-dependent manner, (ii) this decrease relied on the proteasome activity, (iii) ZIP or sZIP degradation was impaired in the presence of a DCAF1-binding deficient Vpr mutant or when DCAF1 expression was silenced. Vpr-mediated ZIP and sZIP degradation did not correlate with the growth-related Vpr activities, namely G2 arrest and G2 arrest-independent cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, infection with HIV-1 viruses expressing Vpr led to the degradation of the two proteins. Altogether our results highlight the existence of two host transcription factors inactivated by Vpr. The role of Vpr-mediated ZIP and sZIP degradation in the HIV-1 replication cycle remains to be deciphered. KW - immunodeficiency-virus type-1 KW - MI-2/NURD complex KW - cell-cycle arrest KW - CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase KW - viral protein-R KW - NF-KAPPA-B KW - macrophage infection KW - enzyme APOBEC3G KW - in-vivo KW - transcription Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128316 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feller, Tatjana A1 - Thom, Pascal A1 - Koch, Natalie A1 - Spiegel, Holger A1 - Addai-Mensah, Otchere A1 - Fischer, Rainer A1 - Reimann, Andreas A1 - Pradel, Gabriele A1 - Fendel, Rolf A1 - Schillberg, Stefan A1 - Scheuermayer, Matthias A1 - Schinkel, Helga T1 - Plant-Based Production of Recombinant Plasmodium Surface Protein Pf38 and Evaluation of its Potential as a Vaccine Candidate JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Pf38 is a surface protein of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we produced and purified recombinant Pf38 and a fusion protein composed of red fluorescent protein and Pf38 (RFP-Pf38) using a transient expression system in the plant Nicotiana benthamiana. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the production of recombinant Pf38. To verify the quality of the recombinant Pf38, plasma from semi-immune African donors was used to confirm specific binding to Pf38. ELISA measurements revealed that immune responses to Pf38 in this African subset were comparable to reactivities to AMA-1 and \(MSP1_{19}\). Pf38 and RFP-Pf38 were successfully used to immunise mice, although titres from these mice were low (on average 1:11.000 and 1:39.000, respectively). In immune fluorescence assays, the purified IgG fraction from the sera of immunised mice recognised Pf38 on the surface of schizonts, gametocytes, macrogametes and zygotes, but not sporozoites. Growth inhibition assays using \(\alpha Pf38\) antibodies demonstrated strong inhibition \((\geq 60 \% ) \) of the growth of blood-stage P. falciparum. The development of zygotes was also effectively inhibited by \(\alpha Pf38\) antibodies, as determined by the zygote development assay. Collectively, these results suggest that Pf38 is an interesting candidate for the development of a malaria vaccine. KW - malaria vaccine KW - balancing selection KW - N-glycans KW - falciparum KW - expression KW - antibodies KW - identification KW - transmission KW - tobacco KW - antigen Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128221 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 11 ER - TY - THES A1 - Westermann, Alexander J. T1 - Dual RNA-seq of pathogen and host T1 - Duale RNA-Sequenzierung eines Pathogens und seines Wirts N2 - The infection of a eukaryotic host cell by a bacterial pathogen is one of the most intimate examples of cross-kingdom interactions in biology. Infection processes are highly relevant from both a basic research as well as a clinical point of view. Sophisticated mechanisms have evolved in the pathogen to manipulate the host response and vice versa host cells have developed a wide range of anti-microbial defense strategies to combat bacterial invasion and clear infections. However, it is this diversity and complexity that makes infection research so challenging to technically address as common approaches have either been optimized for bacterial or eukaryotic organisms. Instead, methods are required that are able to deal with the often dramatic discrepancy between host and pathogen with respect to various cellular properties and processes. One class of cellular macromolecules that exemplify this host-pathogen heterogeneity is given by their transcriptomes: Bacterial transcripts differ from their eukaryotic counterparts in many aspects that involve both quantitative and qualitative traits. The entity of RNA transcripts present in a cell is of paramount interest as it reflects the cell’s physiological state under the given condition. Genome-wide transcriptomic techniques such as RNA-seq have therefore been used for single-organism analyses for several years, but their applicability has been limited for infection studies. The present work describes the establishment of a novel transcriptomic approach for infection biology which we have termed “Dual RNA-seq”. Using this technology, it was intended to shed light particularly on the contribution of non-protein-encoding transcripts to virulence, as these classes have mostly evaded previous infection studies due to the lack of suitable methods. The performance of Dual RNA-seq was evaluated in an in vitro infection model based on the important facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and different human cell lines. Dual RNA-seq was found to be capable of capturing all major bacterial and human transcript classes and proved reproducible. During the course of these experiments, a previously largely uncharacterized bacterial small non-coding RNA (sRNA), referred to as STnc440, was identified as one of the most strongly induced genes in intracellular Salmonella. Interestingly, while inhibition of STnc440 expression has been previously shown to cause a virulence defect in different animal models of Salmonellosis, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained obscure. Here, classical genetics, transcriptomics and biochemical assays proposed a complex model of Salmonella gene expression control that is orchestrated by this sRNA. In particular, STnc440 was found to be involved in the regulation of multiple bacterial target mRNAs by direct base pair interaction with consequences for Salmonella virulence and implications for the host’s immune response. These findings exemplify the scope of Dual RNA-seq for the identification and characterization of novel bacterial virulence factors during host infection. N2 - Die Infektion einer eukaryontischen Wirtszelle mit einem bakteriellen Pathogen ist eines der komplexesten Beispiele einer Domänen-überschreitenden Wechselwirkung zweier Organismen. Infektionsprozesse sind in höchstem Maße relevant, sowohl in der Grundforschung als auch von einem klinischen Blickwinkel aus betrachtet. Im Laufe der Evolution entstanden komplizierte Mechanismen, die es einem Pathogen erlauben, die Wirtsantwort zu manipulieren. Umgekehrt haben potentielle Wirtszellen eine Reihe von anti-mikrobiellen Verteidigungsstrategien entwickelt, um bakterielle Infektionen zu bekämpfen und letztlich zu beseitigen. Es sind jedoch genau diese Verschiedenheit und Komplexität, welche die Infektionsforschung so anspruchsvoll und technisch schwer analysierbar machen. Gängige Analysemethoden wurden zumeist entweder für bakterielle oder aber eukaryontische Organismen entwickelt. Dagegen werden Techniken benötigt, welche es erlauben, mit den mitunter extremen Unterschieden zwischen Wirt und Pathogen umzugehen, die sich in etlichen zellulären Eigenschaften und Prozessen manifestieren. Eine Klasse zellulärer Makromoleküle, die diese Heterogenität zwischen Wirt und Pathogen widerspiegelt, sind ihre jeweiligen Transkriptome: Bakterielle Transkripte unter-scheiden sich von ihren eukaryontischen Pendants in vielerlei Hinsicht, was sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Aspekte miteinschließt. Die Gesamtheit zellulärer Transkripte ist von größter Bedeutung, da sie den physiologischen Zustand der jeweiligen Zelle unter den gegebenen Bedingungen reflektiert. Aus diesem Grund werden Genom-weite Transkriptom-techniken wie etwa die RNA-Sequenzierung seit etlichen Jahren erfolgreich angewandt, um biologische Prozesse zu untersuchen – jedoch ist deren Eignung für Infektionsstudien in starkem Maße limitiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Etablierung eines neuartigen Ansatzes, „Duale RNA-Sequenzierung“ genannt, der Transkriptomstudien mit der Infektionsbiologie kompatibel macht. Mithilfe dieser Technologie wurde hier im Besonderen versucht, die Rolle nicht-proteinkodierender RNA-Moleküle für die Virulenz zu beleuchten, da die Charakterisierung dieser RNA-Klassen bisherigen Infektionsstudien weitgehend verwehrt blieb. Die Anwendbar-keit der Dualen RNA-Sequenzierung wurde innerhalb eines In-vitro-Infektionsmodells getestet, welches auf dem wichtigen, fakultativ intrazellulären Pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Tyhimurium und verschiedenen humanen Zelllinien basiert. Die Duale RNA-Sequenzierung zeigte sich dabei in der Lage alle wesentlichen bakteriellen sowie humanen Transkriptklassen zu erfassen und erwies sich als reproduzierbar. Im Zuge dieser Experimente wurde ein Gen für eine zuvor kaum beschriebene kleine nicht-kodierende RNA (STnc440) als eines der am stärksten induzierten Gene intrazellulärer Salmonellen identifiziert. Interessanterweise hatten vorherige Studien gezeigt, dass die Inaktivierung dieses Gens zu einem Virulenzdefizit innerhalb unterschiedlicher Tiermodelle für Salmonellose führt. Die zugrunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen blieben jedoch unbekannt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden genetische, Transkriptom- sowie biochemische Analysen eingesetzt um das komplexe Regulationsnetzwerk dieser kleinen RNA erstmals näher zu beleuchten. Im Einzelnen konnte gezeigt werden, dass STnc440 die Expression mehrerer bakterieller mRNAs durch das Ausbilden zwischen-molekularer Basenpaarungen reguliert, was weitreichende Konsequenzen sowohl für die Virulenz des Pathogens als auch die Immunantwort des Wirts hat. Diese Ergebnisse veranschaulichen das Potential der Dualen RNA-Sequenzierung für das Auffinden und Charakterisieren neuer bakterieller Virulenzfaktoren während der Wirtsinfektion. KW - Transkriptomanalyse KW - Dual RNA-seq KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Wirtszelle Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112462 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berghoff, Bork A. A1 - Konzer, Anne A1 - Mank, Nils N. A1 - Looso, Mario A1 - Rische, Tom A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Krüger, Marcus A1 - Klug, Gabriele T1 - Integrative "Omics"-Approach Discovers Dynamic and Regulatory Features of Bacterial Stress Responses JF - PLOS Genetics N2 - Bacteria constantly face stress conditions and therefore mount specific responses to ensure adaptation and survival. Stress responses were believed to be predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level. In the phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides the response to singlet oxygen is initiated by alternative sigma factors. Further adaptive mechanisms include post-transcriptional and post-translational events, which have to be considered to gain a deeper understanding of how sophisticated regulation networks operate. To address this issue, we integrated three layers of regulation: (1) total mRNA levels at different time-points revealed dynamics of the transcriptome, (2) mRNAs in polysome fractions reported on translational regulation (translatome), and (3) SILAC-based mass spectrometry was used to quantify protein abundances (proteome). The singlet oxygen stress response exhibited highly dynamic features regarding short-term effects and late adaptation, which could in part be assigned to the sigma factors RpoE and RpoH2 generating distinct expression kinetics of corresponding regulons. The occurrence of polar expression patterns of genes within stress-inducible operons pointed to an alternative of dynamic fine-tuning upon stress. In addition to transcriptional activation, we observed significant induction of genes at the post-transcriptional level (translatome), which identified new putative regulators and assigned genes of quorum sensing to the singlet oxygen stress response. Intriguingly, the SILAC approach explored the stress-dependent decline of photosynthetic proteins, but also identified 19 new open reading frames, which were partly validated by RNA-seq. We propose that comparative approaches as presented here will help to create multi-layered expression maps on the system level ("expressome"). Finally, intense mass spectrometry combined with RNA-seq might be the future tool of choice to re-annotate genomes in various organisms and will help to understand how they adapt to alternating conditions. KW - singlet oxygen stress KW - genome-wide analysis KW - anti-sigma factor KW - rhodobacter sphaeroides KW - gene expression KW - quanititative proteomics KW - photooxidative stress KW - in-vivo KW - photosynthesis genes KW - mass spectrometry Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127587 SN - 1553-7404 VL - 9 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Sara A1 - Windhof, Indra M. A1 - Maximov, Vladimir A1 - Jurkowski, Tomasz A1 - Jeltsch, Albert A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. A1 - Gräf, Ralph A1 - Nellen, Wolfgang T1 - Target recognition, RNA methylation activity and transcriptional regulation of the Dictyostelium discoideum Dnmt2-homologue (DnmA) JF - Nucleic Acids Research N2 - Although the DNA methyltransferase 2 family is highly conserved during evolution and recent reports suggested a dual specificity with stronger activity on transfer RNA (tRNA) than DNA substrates, the biological function is still obscure. We show that the Dictyostelium discoideum Dnmt2-homologue DnmA is an active tRNA methyltransferase that modifies C38 in \(tRNA^{Asp(GUC)}\) in vitro and in vivo. By an ultraviolet-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation approach, we identified further DnmA targets. This revealed specific tRNA fragments bound by the enzyme and identified \(tRNA^{Glu(CUC/UUC)}\) and \(tRNA^{Gly(GCC)}\) as new but weaker substrates for both human Dnmt2 and DnmA in vitro but apparently not in vivo. Dnmt2 enzymes form transient covalent complexes with their substrates. The dynamics of complex formation and complex resolution reflect methylation efficiency in vitro. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed alterations in dnmA expression during development, cell cycle and in response to temperature stress. However, dnmA expression only partially correlated with tRNA methylation in vivo. Strikingly, dnmA expression in the laboratory strain AX2 was significantly lower than in the NC4 parent strain. As expression levels and binding of DnmA to a target in vivo are apparently not necessarily accompanied by methylation, we propose an additional biological function of DnmA apart from methylation. KW - DNA methylferase homolog KW - drospophila KW - TRNA(ASP) KW - mechanism KW - binding Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-123149 SN - 1362-4962 VL - 41 IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gholami, Sepideh A1 - Chen, Chun-Hao A1 - Belin, Laurence J. A1 - Lou, Emil A1 - Fujisawa, Sho A1 - Antonacci, Caroline A1 - Carew, Amanda A1 - Chen, Nanhai G. A1 - De Brot, Marina A1 - Zanzonico, Pat B. A1 - Szalay, Aladar A. A1 - Fong, Yuman T1 - Vaccinia virus GLV-1h153 is a novel agent for detection and effective local control of positive surgical margins for breast cancer JF - Breast Cancer Research N2 - Introduction: Surgery is currently the definitive treatment for early-stage breast cancer. However, the rate of positive surgical margins remains unacceptably high. The human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is a naturally occurring protein in human thyroid tissue, which enables cells to concentrate radionuclides. The hNIS has been exploited to image and treat thyroid cancer. We therefore investigated the potential of a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV1h-153 engineered to express the hNIS gene for identifying positive surgical margins after tumor resection via positron emission tomography (PET). Furthermore, we studied its role as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in achieving local control of remaining tumors in an orthotopic breast cancer model. Methods: GLV-1h153, a replication-competent vaccinia virus, was tested against breast cancer cell lines at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs). Cytotoxicity and viral replication were determined. Mammary fat pad tumors were generated in athymic nude mice. To determine the utility of GLV-1h153 in identifying positive surgical margins, 90% of the mammary fat pad tumors were surgically resected and subsequently injected with GLV-1h153 or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in the surgical wound. Serial Focus 120 microPET images were obtained six hours post-tail vein injection of approximately 600 mu Ci of I-124-iodide. Results: Viral infectivity, measured by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression, was time-and concentrationdependent. All cell lines showed less than 10% of cell survival five days after treatment at an MOI of 5. GLV-1h153 replicated efficiently in all cell lines with a peak titer of 27 million viral plaque forming units (PFU) ( < 10,000-fold increase from the initial viral dose) by Day 4. Administration of GLV-1h153 into the surgical wound allowed positive surgical margins to be identified via PET scanning. In vivo, mean volume of infected surgically resected residual tumors four weeks after treatment was 14 mm(3) versus 168 mm(3) in untreated controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This is the first study to our knowledge to demonstrate a novel vaccinia virus carrying hNIS as an imaging tool in identifying positive surgical margins of breast cancers in an orthotopic murine model. Moreover, our results suggest that GLV-1h153 is a promising therapeutic agent in achieving local control for positive surgical margins in resected breast tumors. KW - conservation KW - carcinoma KW - mastectomy KW - metastases KW - stage-i KW - thyroid-cancer KW - radiation-therapy KW - conserving surgery KW - sodium-iodide symporter Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122140 VL - 15 IS - R26 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Yvonne A1 - Ohlsen, Knut A1 - Donat, Stefanie A1 - Engelmann, Susanne A1 - Kusch, Harald A1 - Albrecht, Dirk A1 - Cartron, Michael A1 - Hurd, Alexander A1 - Foster, Simon J. T1 - The effect of skin fatty acids on Staphylococcus aureus JF - Archives of Microbiology N2 - Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal of the human nose and skin. Human skin fatty acids, in particular cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C-6-H), have high antistaphylococcal activity and can inhibit virulence determinant production. Here, we show that sub-MIC levels of C-6-H result in induction of increased resistance. The mechanism(s) of C-6-H activity was investigated by combined transcriptome and proteome analyses. Proteome analysis demonstrated a pleiotropic effect of C-6-H on virulence determinant production. In response to C-6-H, transcriptomics revealed altered expression of over 500 genes, involved in many aspects of virulence and cellular physiology. The expression of toxins (hla, hlb, hlgBC) was reduced, whereas that of host defence evasion components (cap, sspAB, katA) was increased. In particular, members of the SaeRS regulon had highly reduced expression, and the use of specific mutants revealed that the effect on toxin production is likely mediated via SaeRS KW - S. aureus KW - skin fatty acid KW - C-6-H KW - resistance Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121657 VL - 197 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vembar, Shruti S. A1 - Scherf, Artur A1 - Siegel, T. Nicolai T1 - Noncoding RNAs as emerging regulators of Plasmodium falciparum virulence gene expression JF - Current Opinion in Microbiology N2 - The eukaryotic unicellular pathogen Plasmodium falciparum tightly regulates gene expression, both during development and in adaptation to dynamic host environments. This regulation is evident in the mutually exclusive expression of members of clonally variant virulence multigene families. While epigenetic regulators have been selectively identified at active or repressed virulence genes, their specific recruitment remains a mystery. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as lynchpins of eukaryotic gene regulation; by binding to epigenetic regulators, they provide target specificity to otherwise non-specific enzyme complexes. Not surprisingly, there is great interest in understanding the role of ncRNA in P. falciparum, in particular, their contribution to the mutually exclusive expression of virulence genes. The current repertoire of P. falciparum ncRNAs includes, but is not limited to, subtelomeric ncRNAs, virulence gene-associated ncRNAs and natural antisense RNA transcripts. Continued improvement in high-throughput sequencing methods is sure to expand this repertoire. Here, we summarize recent advances in P. falciparum ncRNA biology, with an emphasis on ncRNA-mediated epigenetic modes of gene regulation. Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121416 SN - 1369-5274 VL - 20 IS - 100 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jäger, Dominik A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. A1 - Santangelo, Thomas J. A1 - Reeve, John N. T1 - Primary transcriptome map of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background Prokaryotes have relatively small genomes, densely-packed with protein-encoding sequences. RNA sequencing has, however, revealed surprisingly complex transcriptomes and here we report the transcripts present in the model hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Thermococcus kodakarensis, under different physiological conditions. Results Sequencing cDNA libraries, generated from RNA isolated from cells under different growth and metabolic conditions has identified >2,700 sites of transcription initiation, established a genome-wide map of transcripts, and consensus sequences for transcription initiation and post-transcription regulatory elements. The primary transcription start sites (TSS) upstream of 1,254 annotated genes, plus 644 primary TSS and their promoters within genes, are identified. Most mRNAs have a 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) 10 to 50 nt long (median = 16 nt), but ~20% have 5'-UTRs from 50 to 300 nt long and ~14% are leaderless. Approximately 50% of mRNAs contain a consensus ribosome binding sequence. The results identify TSS for 1,018 antisense transcripts, most with sequences complementary to either the 5'- or 3'-region of a sense mRNA, and confirm the presence of transcripts from all three CRISPR loci, the RNase P and 7S RNAs, all tRNAs and rRNAs and 69 predicted snoRNAs. Two putative riboswitch RNAs were present in growing but not in stationary phase cells. The procedure used is designed to identify TSS but, assuming that the number of cDNA reads correlates with transcript abundance, the results also provide a semi-quantitative documentation of the differences in T. kodakarensis genome expression under different growth conditions and confirm previous observations of substrate-dependent specific gene expression. Many previously unanticipated small RNAs have been identified, some with relative low GC contents (≤50%) and sequences that do not fold readily into base-paired secondary structures, contrary to the classical expectations for non-coding RNAs in a hyperthermophile. Conclusion The results identify >2,700 TSS, including almost all of the primary sites of transcription initiation upstream of annotated genes, plus many secondary sites, sites within genes and sites resulting in antisense transcripts. The T. kodakarensis genome is small (~2.1 Mbp) and tightly packed with protein-encoding genes, but the transcriptomes established also contain many non-coding RNAs and predict extensive RNA-based regulation in this model Archaeon. KW - riboswitch KW - hyperthermophile KW - hydrogen regulation KW - transcriptome KW - archaea KW - promoters KW - antisense RNAs KW - small non-coding RNAs Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120966 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 15 IS - 684 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glaser, Jan A1 - Schurigt, Uta A1 - Suzuki, Brian M. A1 - Caffrey, Connor R. A1 - Holzgrabe, Ulrike T1 - Anti-Schistosomal Activity of Cinnamic Acid Esters: Eugenyl JF - Molecules N2 - Bornyl caffeate (1) was previously isolated by us from Valeriana (V.) wallichii rhizomes and identified as an anti-leishmanial substance. Here, we screened a small compound library of synthesized derivatives 1–30 for activity against schistosomula of Schistosoma (S.) mansoni. Compound 1 did not show any anti-schistosomal activity. However, strong phenotypic changes, including the formation of vacuoles, degeneration and death were observed after in vitro treatment with compounds 23 (thymyl cinnamate) and 27 (eugenyl cinnamate). Electron microscopy analysis of the induced vacuoles in the dying parasites suggests that 23 and 27 interfere with autophagy. KW - thymyl cinnamate KW - vacuoles KW - autophagy KW - anti-schistosomal activity KW - schistosoma KW - schistosomula KW - parasite KW - eugenyl cinnamate Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125712 VL - 20 ER -