TY - JOUR A1 - Zürn, Michael A1 - Strack, Fritz T1 - When More Is Better – Consumption Priming Decreases Responders’ Rejections in the Ultimatum Game JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - During the past decades, economic theories of rational choice have been exposed to outcomes that were severe challenges to their claim of universal validity. For example, traditional theories cannot account for refusals to cooperate if cooperation would result in higher payoffs. A prominent illustration are responders’ rejections of positive but unequal payoffs in the Ultimatum Game. To accommodate this anomaly in a rational framework one needs to assume both a preference for higher payoffs and a preference for equal payoffs. The current set of studies shows that the relative weight of these preference components depends on external conditions and that consumption priming may decrease responders’ rejections of unequal payoffs. Specifically, we demonstrate that increasing the accessibility of consumption-related information accentuates the preference for higher payoffs. Furthermore, consumption priming increased responders’ reaction times for unequal payoffs which suggests an increased conflict between both preference components. While these results may also be integrated into existing social preference models, we try to identify some basic psychological processes underlying economic decision making. Going beyond the Ultimatum Game, we propose that a distinction between comparative and deductive evaluations may provide a more general framework to account for various anomalies in behavioral economics. KW - Ultimatum Game KW - comparison KW - consumption priming KW - evaluation KW - cognitive processes Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189989 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 IS - 2226 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zopf, Kathrin A1 - Frey, Kathrin R. A1 - Kienitz, Tina A1 - Ventz, Manfred A1 - Bauer, Britta A1 - Quinkler, Marcus T1 - \(Bcl\)I polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency JF - Endocrine Connections N2 - Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH. Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented. Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)). Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC. KW - medicine KW - adrenal crisis KW - adrenal insufficiency KW - cortisol KW - hydrocortisone KW - polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173276 VL - 6 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Born, Dennis-Peter A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Ischemic preconditioning does not alter performance in multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Purpose: Research dealing with ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has primarily focused on variables associated to endurance performance with little research about the acute responses of IPC on repeated multidirectional running sprint performance. Here we aimed to investigate the effects of IPC of the arms and the legs on repeated running sprint performance with changes-of-direction (COD) movements. Methods: Thirteen moderately-to-well-trained team-sport athletes (7 males; 6 females; age: 24 ± 2 years, size: 175 ± 8 cm, body mass: 67.9 ± 8.1 kg) performed 16 × 30 m all-out sprints (15 s rest) with multidirectional COD movements on a Speedcourt\(^{©}\) with IPC (3 × 5 min) of the legs (IPC\(_{leg}\); 240 mm Hg) or of the arms (remote IPC: IPC\(_{remote}\); 180–190 mm Hg) 45 min before the sprints and a control trial (CON; 20 mm Hg). Results: The mean (±SD) time for the 16 × 30 m multidirectional COD sprints was similar between IPC\(_{leg}\) (Mean t: 16.0 ± 1.8 s), IPC\(_{remote}\) (16.2 ± 1.7 s), and CON (16.0 ± 1.6 s; p = 0.50). No statistical differences in oxygen uptake (mean difference: 0%), heart rate (1.1%) nor muscle oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis (4.7%) and biceps brachii (7.8%) between the three conditions were evident (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: IPC (3 × 5 min) of the legs (220 mm Hg) or arms (180–190 mm Hg; remote IPC) applied 45 min before 16 × 30 m repeated multidirectional running sprint exercise does not improve sprint performance, oxygen uptake, heart rate nor muscle oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis muscle when compared to a control trial. KW - team sport KW - agility KW - change of direction KW - muscle oxygen saturation KW - near-infrared spectroscopy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159348 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Henriette A1 - Subota, Ines A1 - Batram, Christopher A1 - Kramer, Susanne A1 - Janzen, Christian J. A1 - Jones, Nicola G. A1 - Engstler, Markus T1 - A quorum sensing-independent path to stumpy development in Trypanosoma brucei JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - For persistent infections of the mammalian host, African trypanosomes limit their population size by quorum sensing of the parasite-excreted stumpy induction factor (SIF), which induces development to the tsetse-infective stumpy stage. We found that besides this cell density-dependent mechanism, there exists a second path to the stumpy stage that is linked to antigenic variation, the main instrument of parasite virulence. The expression of a second variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) leads to transcriptional attenuation of the VSG expression site (ES) and immediate development to tsetse fly infective stumpy parasites. This path is independent of SIF and solely controlled by the transcriptional status of the ES. In pleomorphic trypanosomes varying degrees of ES-attenuation result in phenotypic plasticity. While full ES-attenuation causes irreversible stumpy development, milder attenuation may open a time window for rescuing an unsuccessful antigenic switch, a scenario that so far has not been considered as important for parasite survival. KW - Trypanosoma KW - hyperexpression techniques KW - parasitic cell cycles KW - cloning KW - cell cycle and cell division KW - cell differentiation KW - tetracyclines KW - parasitic diseases Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158230 VL - 13 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Sabrina A1 - Weiss, Esther A1 - Schmitt, Anna-Lena A1 - Schlegel, Jan A1 - Burgert, Anne A1 - Terpitz, Ulrich A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Moretta, Lorenzo A1 - Sivori, Simona A1 - Leonhardt, Ines A1 - Kurzai, Oliver A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Loeffler, Juergen T1 - CD56 Is a Pathogen Recognition Receptor on Human Natural Killer Cells JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal mold inducing invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients. Although antifungal activity of human natural killer (NK) cells was shown in previous studies, the underlying cellular mechanisms and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) are still unknown. Using flow cytometry we were able to show that the fluorescence positivity of the surface receptor CD56 significantly decreased upon fungal contact. To visualize the interaction site of NK cells and A. fumigatus we used SEM, CLSM and dSTORM techniques, which clearly demonstrated that NK cells directly interact with A. fumigatus via CD56 and that CD56 is re-organized and accumulated at this interaction site time-dependently. The inhibition of the cytoskeleton showed that the receptor re-organization was an active process dependent on actin re-arrangements. Furthermore, we could show that CD56 plays a role in the fungus mediated NK cell activation, since blocking of CD56 surface receptor reduced fungal mediated NK cell activation and reduced cytokine secretion. These results confirmed the direct interaction of NK cells and A. fumigatus, leading to the conclusion that CD56 is a pathogen recognition receptor. These findings give new insights into the functional role of CD56 in the pathogen recognition during the innate immune response. KW - pattern recognition receptors KW - fungal infection KW - Aspergillus fumigatus KW - natural killer cells Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170637 VL - 7 IS - 6138 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zeller, Daniel A1 - Heidemeier, Anke A1 - Grigoleit, Götz Ulrich A1 - Müllges, Wolfgang T1 - Case report: subacute tetraplegia in an immunocompromised patient JF - BMC Neurology N2 - Background: Clinical reasoning in Neurology is based on general associations which help to deduce the site of the lesion. However, even “golden principles” may occasionally be deceptive. Here, we describe the case of subacute flaccid tetraparesis due to motor cortical lesions. To our knowledge, this is the first report to include an impressive illustration of nearly symmetric motor cortical involvement of encephalitis on brain MRI. Case presentation: A 51 year old immunocompromized man developed a high-grade pure motor flaccid tetraparesis over few days. Based on clinical presentation, critical illness polyneuromyopathy was suspected. However, brain MRI revealed symmetrical hyperintensities strictly limited to the subcortical precentral gyrus. An encephalitis, possibly due to CMV infection, turned out to be the most likely cause. Conclusion: While recognition of basic clinical patterns is indispensable in neurological reasoning, awareness of central conditions mimicking peripheral nervous disease may be crucial to detect unsuspected, potentially treatable conditions. KW - tetraparesis KW - motor cortex KW - CMV KW - encephalitis KW - case report Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157576 VL - 17 IS - 31 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zapp, Angela Alexandra A1 - Fischer, Eva Caroline A1 - Deuschle, Michael T1 - The effect of agomelatine and melatonin on sleep-related eating: a case report JF - Journal of Medical Case Reports N2 - Background: Sleep-related eating may occur in the context of mental illness, sleep disorders, or psychopharmacological treatment. Frequently, sleep-related eating leads to severe weight gain and, so far, there are no treatment options for the condition. Case presentation: We report the case of a 54-year-old white woman with depression, panic disorder, and sleep apnea under treatment with various antidepressants who developed severe sleep-related eating. Her sleep-related eating completely vanished after addition of agomelatine, it reoccurred after cessation of agomelatine, and vanished again after her re-exposure to another melatonergic drug, extended melatonin. Conclusions: This case suggests that melatonergic drugs lead to relief from sleep-related eating, even when the condition occurs in the context of physical and mental disorders as well as psychopharmacological treatment. KW - sleep-related eating KW - agomelatine KW - melatonin KW - weight loss KW - parasomn Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157805 VL - 11 IS - 275 ER - TY - THES A1 - Yazdani Rashvanlouei, Kourosh T1 - Developing a Framework for International Projects of ERP Implementation T1 - Entwicklung eines Rahmens für internationale Projekte der ERP-Implementierung N2 - Enterprise Systeme werden immer mehr von Bedeutung, was sie in die Mitte der Aufmerksamkeit und der Berücksichtigung durch Organisationen in verschiedensten Formen rückt – seien es Unternehmen oder Industrien von riesigen öffentlichen oder privaten Organisationen bis hin zu mittleren und kleinen Dienstleistungsunternehmen. Diese Systeme verbessern sich ständig, sowohl funktionell, als auch technologisch und sie sind unumgänglich für Unternehmen, um ihre Produktivität zu vergrößern und um in dem nationalen und globalen Wettbewerb mitzuhalten. Da lokale Softwarelösungen die Bedingungen, speziell von großen Betrieben, funktionell und technologisch nicht erfüllen konnten und da riesige globale Softwarehersteller, wie SAP, Oracle und Microsoft ihre Lösungen rapide verbessern und sie ihren Markt immer mehr über den Globus expandieren, nimmt die Nachfrage für diese globalen Marken und deren nahezu einwandfreien Softwarelösungen täglich zu. Die Zustimmung für internationale ERP Unternehmensberatungsanwendungen nimmt deswegen exponentiell zu, während die Forschung der beeinflussenden Faktoren und des Fachwissens wenig verbreitet ist. Deswegen ist es so dringlich, dieses Gebiet zu erforschen. Das schlussendliche fünf-in-fünf Framework dieser Studie sammelt zum ersten Mal in der Geschichte alle historisch erwähnten, kritischen Erfolgsfaktoren und Projektaktivitäten. Diese wurden in fünf Phasen unterteilt und nach den fünf Schwerpunkten der internationalen ERP Projektdurchführung kategorisiert. Dieses Framework bietet einen Überblick und bildet einen umfassenden Fahrplan für solche Projekte. N2 - The importance of enterprise systems is increasingly growing and they are in the center of attention and consideration by organizations in various types of business and industries from extra-large public or private organizations to small and medium-sized service sector business. These systems are continuously advancing functionally and technologically and are inevitable and ineluctable for the enterprises to maximize their productivity and integration in current competitive national and global business environments. Also, since local software solutions could not meet the requirements of especially large enterprises functionally and technically, and as giant global enterprise software producers like SAP, Oracle and Microsoft are improving their solutions rapidly and since they are expanding their market to more corners of the globe, demand for these globally branded low-defect software solutions is daily ascending. The agreements for international ERP implementation project consultancy are, therefore, exponentially increasing, while the research on the influencing factors and know-hows is scattered and rare, and thus, a timely urgency for this field of research is being felt. The final developed five-in-five framework of this study, for the first time, collects all mentioned-in-the-history critical success factors and project activities, while sequencing them in five phases and categorizing them in five focus areas for international ERP implementation projects. This framework provides a bird’s-eye view and draws a comprehensive roadmap or instruction for such projects. KW - ERP KW - International IT Projects KW - ERP Implementation KW - Framework Develpment KW - ERP CSF Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154000 ER - TY - THES A1 - Würtemberger-Pietsch, Sabrina T1 - Anionic and Neutral Lewis-Base Adducts of Diboron(4) Compounds T1 - Anionische und Neutrale Lewis-Basen Addukte von Diboran(4)-Verbindungen N2 - Anionic Adducts Sp2-sp3 tetraalkoxy diboron compounds have gained attention due to the development of new, synthetically useful catalytic reactions either with or without transition-metals. Lewis-base adducts of the diboron(4) compounds were suggested as possible intermediates in Cu catalyzed borylation reactions some time ago. However, intermolecular adducts of tetraalkoxy diboron compounds have not been studied yet in great detail. In preliminary studies, we have synthesized a series of anionic sp2-sp3 adducts of B2pin2 with alkoxy-groups (L = [OMe]–, [OtBu]–), a phenoxy-group (L = [4-tBuC6H4O]–) and fluoride (L = [F]–, with [nBu4N]+ as the counter ion) as Lewis-bases. Neutral Adducts Since their isolation and characterization, applications of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and related molecules, e.g., cyclic alkylaminocarbenes (CAACs) and acyclic diaminocarbenes (aDCs), have grown rapidly. Their use as ligands in homogeneous catalysis and directly in organocatalysis, including recently developed borylation reactions, is now well established. Recently, several examples of ring expansion reactions (RER) involving NHCs were reported to take place at elevated temperatures, involving Be, B, and Si. Furthermore, preliminary studies in the group of Marder et al. showed the presence of neutral sp2-sp3 diboron compounds with B2pin2 and the NHC Cy2Im. In this work, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of further neutral sp2-sp3 as well as sp3-sp3 diboron adducts with B2cat2 and B2neop2 and different NHCs. Whereas the mono-NHC adduct is stable for several hours at temperatures up to 60 °C, the bis-NHC adducts undergo thermally induced rearrangement to form the ring expanded products compound 26 and 27. B2neop2 is much more reactive than B2cat2 giving ring expanded product 29 at room temperature in quantitative yields, demonstrating that NHC ring expansion and B–B bond cleavage can be very facile processes. Whereas the mono-NHC adduct is stable for several hours at temperatures up to 60 °C, the bis-NHC adducts undergo thermally induced rearrangement to form the ring expanded products compound 26 and 27. B2neop2 is much more reactive than B2cat2 giving ring expanded product 29 at room temperature in quantitative yields, demonstrating that NHC ring expansion and B–B bond cleavage can be very facile processes. N2 - Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Synthese und das Reaktionsverhalten Lewis-Säuren/Lewis-Basen-Addukte von Diboran(4)-Verbindungen als Lewis-Säuren untersucht. Als Lewis-Basen dienten zum einem das Fluorid-Ion, zum anderen N-Heterozyklische Carbene. Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war somit die Synthese und Charakterisierung anionischer sp2-sp3-Diboran-Verbindungen des Typs [B2(OR)4F][NMe4] (OR2 = Pinakol, Catechol und Neopentyl), die auf ihre Eigenschaft als „Boryl-Übertragungsreagenz“ gegenüber Diazoniumsalzen überprüft wurden. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit untersucht die Reaktion von Diboranen (B2cat2 und B2neop2) mit gesättigten und ungesättigten N-Heterozyklischen Carbenen (NHCs). Die neutralen, einfach- und zweifach-substituierten NHC-Addukte des Typs B2(OR)4•NHC und B2(OR)4•(NHC)2 wurden anschließend auf ihre thermische Stabilität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen zum einem, dass anionische Addukte des Typs [B2(OR)4F][NMe4] 4, 7 und 9 als „Boryl-Übertragungsreagenzien“ eingesetzt werden können. Ferner lassen sich ausgehend von Diboran(4)-Verbindungen durch die Umsetzung mit N Heterozyklischen Carbenen die einfach- und zweifach-substituierten NHC-Addukte B2(OR)4•NHC und B2(OR)4•(NHC)2 synthetisieren. Diese sind zum Teil instabil gegenüber einer Ringerweiterungsreaktion unter Insertion einer Boryleinheit in die C–N-Bindung des Carbens. Untersuchungen an NHC-Addukten von Boranen BR3 und HB(OR)2 zeigen weiterhin, dass die Addukte Ph3B•NHC gegenüber solchen Ringerweiterungen stabil sind. Die Addukte HB(OR)2•NHC sind je nach eingesetztem Carben und Boran entweder stabil oder reagieren unter B–H-Bindungsaktivierung zur Ringerweiterung des Carbens. KW - Addukt KW - Diborane KW - carben KW - Lewis-Base Adducts KW - Diboron(4) Compounds KW - Ring Expansion Reaction Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136321 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wyler, Emanuel A1 - Menegatti, Jennifer A1 - Franke, Vedran A1 - Kocks, Christine A1 - Boltengagen, Anastasiya A1 - Hennig, Thomas A1 - Theil, Kathrin A1 - Rutkowski, Andrzej A1 - Ferrai, Carmelo A1 - Baer, Laura A1 - Kermas, Lisa A1 - Friedel, Caroline A1 - Rajewsky, Nikolaus A1 - Akalin, Altuna A1 - Dölken, Lars A1 - Grässer, Friedrich A1 - Landthaler, Markus T1 - Widespread activation of antisense transcription of the host genome during herpes simplex virus 1 infection JF - Genome Biology N2 - Background Herpesviruses can infect a wide range of animal species. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the eight herpesviruses that can infect humans and is prevalent worldwide. Herpesviruses have evolved multiple ways to adapt the infected cells to their needs, but knowledge about these transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications is sparse. Results Here, we show that HSV-1 induces the expression of about 1000 antisense transcripts from the human host cell genome. A subset of these is also activated by the closely related varicella zoster virus. Antisense transcripts originate either at gene promoters or within the gene body, and they show different susceptibility to the inhibition of early and immediate early viral gene expression. Overexpression of the major viral transcription factor ICP4 is sufficient to turn on a subset of antisense transcripts. Histone marks around transcription start sites of HSV-1-induced and constitutively transcribed antisense transcripts are highly similar, indicating that the genetic loci are already poised to transcribe these novel RNAs. Furthermore, an antisense transcript overlapping with the BBC3 gene (also known as PUMA) transcriptionally silences this potent inducer of apoptosis in cis. Conclusions We show for the first time that a virus induces widespread antisense transcription of the host cell genome. We provide evidence that HSV-1 uses this to downregulate a strong inducer of apoptosis. Our findings open new perspectives on global and specific alterations of host cell transcription by viruses. KW - Virology KW - Herpes KW - Virus KW - Antisense KW - Transcription KW - IncRNA KW - ICP4 KW - BBC3 KW - NFKB Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173381 VL - 18 ER -