TY - THES A1 - Ettlinger [geb. Haberstumpf], Sophia T1 - Pathological cognitive decline in the elderly participants of the Vogel Study T1 - Pathologische kognitive Verschlechterung in den älteren Studienteilnehmern der Vogel Studie N2 - Due to the global aging society and the enormous global incidence and prevalence rates that will result in the coming years, Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) represents a growing challenge for the health care system. The pathogenesis, which is unclear in parts, the chronic progression of AD, which often lasts for years, as well as insufficient diagnostic and therapeutic options complicate an adequate psychotherapeutic and medical approach to the disease. To date, AD is also considered an incurable disease. Therefore, it is essential to gain deeper insights into the early detection or even prevention of AD. Consideration of prodromal syndromes such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) can provide significant evidence about high-risk groups for AD progression and differentiate cognitively "normal" aging individuals from those with pathological cognitive decline. Thus, for example, functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) imaging helps identify early neurodegenerative processes. In contrast, potential risk factors and predictors of later-onset clinical symptoms of MCI and AD can most often be revealed and quantified via the use of neuropsychiatric test batteries. The present thesis consists of four studies and aimed to assess and describe the pathological cognitive decline in a sample of elderly study participants (age: ≥ 70 years; N = 604 at baseline) of the longitudinal, observational, and prospective "Vogel Study" from Würzburg, Germany, who were primarily healthy at baseline, over two measurement time points approximately 3 years apart, to differentiate between healthy and diseased study participants and to define predictors of MCI/AD and longitudinal study dropout. Studies 1 and 2 differentiated healthy study participants from MCI patients based on the baseline hemodynamic response of the parietal cortex recorded by fNIRS during the processing of a paradigm (here: Angle Discrimination Task [ADT]) for visual-spatial processing performance. Neuronal hypoactivity was found in the MCI patients, with both healthy study participants and MCI patients showing higher superior and right hemispheric activation. MCI patients had more difficulty resolving the paradigm. Thus, no evidence of possible compensatory mechanisms was uncovered in the MCI patients. Study 3 first defined the four latent factors declarative memory, working memory, attention, and visual-spatial processing based on structural equation model (SEM) calculations of the sample using adequate measurement (in-)variant confirmatory factor models from the baseline assessment to the first of a total of two follow-up assessments after approximately 3 years. This allowed a dimensional assessment of pathological cognitive decline versus classificatory-categorical assignment (healthy/diseased) of the sample. In addition, the superiority of the latent factor approach over a composite approach was demonstrated. Next, using a mixed-model approach, predictive analyses were calculated for the prediction of latent factors at first follow-up by baseline risk factors. The sex of study participants proved to be the best predictor of cognitive change in all the cognitive domains, with females performing better than men in the memory domains. Specifically, for declarative memory, older age predicted lower performance regardless of sex. Additional predictive evidence emerged for low serum levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on lower attention performance and higher depression symptoms on lower visual-spatial processing performance. Study 4 further reported baseline predictors of study dropout at first follow-up. Cognitive performance, as defined in Study 3 using the four latent cognitive factors, was a predictor of study dropout for cognitive decline in the domains of declarative memory, attention, and visual-spatial processing. Conspicuous dementia screening on the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) also predicted dropout. Overall, both the use of fNIRS imaging to detect visual-spatial processing performance in the parietal cortex during applying ADT and the dimensional perspective of the neuropsychiatric test battery in the context of prediction and dropout analyses were found to be suitable for early detection research of MCI and AD. Finally, the results will be interpreted in the overall context and implications, limitations, and perspectives will be discussed. N2 - Aufgrund der global alternden Gesellschaft und der damit auch in den nächsten Jahren einhergehenden enormen globalen Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten stellt die Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) eine wachsende Herausforderung für das Gesundheitswesen dar. Die in Teilen unklare Pathogenese, die oft über Jahre bestehende, chronische Progression der AD sowie bislang unzureichende Diagnose- und Therapiemöglichkeiten erschweren einen adäquaten psychotherapeutischen und medizinischen Umgang mit der Erkrankung. Bis heute gilt die AD außerdem als unheilbare Erkrankung. Umso wichtiger ist es, tiefergehende Erkenntnisse zur Früherkennung oder gar Prävention der AD zu gewinnen. Insbesondere die Berücksichtigung von Prodromalsyndromen wie das Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) können wichtige Hinweise über Risikopersonengruppen für eine AD-Progression liefern und kognitiv „normal“ alternde Menschen von Menschen mit pathologischer kognitiver Verschlechterung differenzieren. Zur Identifikation früher neurodegenerativer Prozesse eignet sich z.B. die funktionelle Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS), während potenzielle Risikofaktoren und Prädiktoren für später auftretende, klinische Symptome der MCI und AD am häufigsten über die Anwendung neuropsychiatrischer Testbatterien aufgedeckt und quantifiziert werden können. Die vorliegende Dissertation besteht aus vier Studien und verfolgte das Ziel, die pathologische kognitive Verschlechterung in einer zur Baseline-Erhebung größtenteils gesunden, älteren Stichprobe (Alter: ≥ 70 Jahre; N = 604 zur Baseline-Erhebung) der longitudinalen, beobachtenden und prospektiven „Vogel Studie“ aus Würzburg über zwei Messzeitpunkte im Abstand von ca. 3 Jahren zu erfassen und zu beschreiben, zwischen gesunden und erkrankten StudienteilnehmerInnen zu differenzieren und Prädiktoren der MCI/AD sowie des longitudinalen Studien-Dropouts zu definieren. Studien 1 und 2 differenzierten gesunde StudienteilnehmerInnen von MCI-PatientInnen anhand der über die fNIRS zur Baseline-Erhebung erfassten hämodynamischen Antwort des Parietalkortex während der Bearbeitung eines Paradigmas (hier: Winkeldiskriminationsaufgabe [ADT]) zur visuell-räumlichen Verarbeitungsleistung im Rahmen der Baseline-Erhebung. Es konnte eine neuronale Hypoaktivität bei den MCI-PatientInnen festgestellt werden, wobei sowohl gesunde StudienteilnehmerInnen als auch MCI-PatientInnen eine höhere superiore und rechts-hemisphärische Aktivierung zeigten. MCI-PatientInnen hatten mehr Schwierigkeiten, das Paradigma zu lösen. Dennoch konnten keine Hinweise auf Kompensationsmechanismen bei den MCI-PatientInnen aufgedeckt werden. Studie 3 definierte zunächst die vier latenten Faktoren deklaratives Gedächtnis, Arbeitsgedächtnis, Aufmerksamkeit und visuell-räumliche Verarbeitung basierend auf Strukturgleichungsmodell-Berechnungen (SEM) der Stichprobe anhand von adäquat mess(in-)varianten konfirmatorischen Faktormodellen von der Baseline-Erhebung zum ersten von insgesamt zwei Follow-up-Erhebungen nach rund 3 Jahren. Dadurch wurde eine dimensionale Einschätzung pathologischer kognitiver Verschlechterung gegenüber klassifikatorisch-kategorialer Zuweisung (gesund/krank) der Stichprobe ermöglicht. Zusätzlich konnte die Überlegenheit des latenten Faktor-Ansatzes gegenüber eines Composite-Ansatzes gezeigt werden. Anschließend wurden anhand eines Mixed-Model-Ansatzes Prädiktionsanalysen zur Vorhersage der latenten Faktoren zum ersten Follow-up durch Risikofaktoren der Baseline-Erhebung berechnet. Das Geschlecht der StudienteilnehmerInnen erwies sich als bester Prädiktor für die kognitive Veränderung in allen kognitiven Domänen, wobei Frauen in Gedächtnis-Domänen eine bessere Leistung als Männer erzielten. Vor allem für das deklarative Gedächtnis sagte geschlechterunabhängig ein höheres Alter eine geringere Leistung vorher. Zusätzlich zeigten sich prädiktive Effekte eines geringeren Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Serum-Levels auf geringere Aufmerksamkeitsleistung und der erhöhten Depressivität auf geringere visuell-räumliche Verarbeitungskapazitäten. Studie 4 berichtet darüber hinaus von Baseline-Prädiktoren des Studien-Dropouts zum ersten Follow-up. Die kognitive Leistung, wie in Studie 3 anhand der vier latenten kognitiven Faktoren definiert, stellte für eine kognitive Verschlechterung in den Domänen deklaratives Gedächtnis, Aufmerksamkeit und visuell-räumliche Verarbeitung einen Prädiktor für Studien-Dropout dar. Auch ein auffälliges Demenz-Screening im Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) sagte Dropout vorher. Insgesamt erwiesen sich sowohl die Anwendung des fNIRS-Bildgebungsverfahrens zur Erfassung visuell-räumlicher Verarbeitungsleistung im Parietalkortex während Bearbeitung der ADT als auch die dimensionale Betrachtung der neuropsychiatrischen Testbatterie im Rahmen prädiktiver und Dropout-Analysen als für die Früherkennungs-Forschung der MCI und AD geeignet. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend im Gesamtkontext interpretiert und Implikationen, Limitation und Perspektiven diskutiert. KW - cognitive decline KW - mild cognitive impairment KW - Alzheimer's Dementia KW - early detection Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265582 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Isaias, Ioannis Ugo A1 - Spiegel, Jörg A1 - Brumberg, Joachim A1 - Cosgrove, Kelly P. A1 - Marotta, Giorgio A1 - Oishi, Naoya A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Küsters, Sebastian A1 - Schiller, Markus A1 - Dillmann, Ulrich A1 - van Dyck, Christopher H. A1 - Buck, Andreas A1 - Herrmann, Ken A1 - Schloegl, Susanne A1 - Volkmann, Jens A1 - Lassmann, Michael A1 - Fassbender, Klaus A1 - Lorenz, Reinhard A1 - Samnick, Samuel T1 - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor density in cognitively intact subjects at an early stage of Parkinson's disease JF - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience N2 - We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease. KW - nicotinic receptors KW - Parkinson disease KW - 5IA-SPECT KW - dopamine acetylcholine KW - cognitive decline Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119351 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petruski-Ivleva, Natalia A1 - Kucharska-Newton, Anna A1 - Palta, Priya A1 - Couper, David A1 - Meyer, Katie A1 - Graff, Misa A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Sharrett, Richey A1 - Heiss, Gerardo T1 - Milk intake at midlife and cognitive decline over 20 years. The Atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study JF - Nutrients N2 - Background: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. Objective: Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. Methods: A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. Results: Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting “almost never” consuming milk. Conclusions: Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype. KW - lactose KW - lactase persistence KW - oxidative stress KW - cognitive decline KW - dementia KW - aging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173909 VL - 9 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haberstumpf, Sophia A1 - Leinweber, Jonas A1 - Lauer, Martin A1 - Polak, Thomas A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. T1 - Factors associated with dropout in the longitudinal Vogel study of cognitive decline JF - The European Journal of Neuroscience N2 - Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is a growing problem worldwide. Prevention or early detection of the disease or a prodromal cognitive decline is necessary. By means of our long-term follow-up ‘Vogel study’, we aim to predict the pathological cognitive decline of a German cohort (mean age was 73.9 ± 1.55 years at first visit) with three measurement time points within 6 years per participant. Especially in samples of the elderly and subjects with chronic or co-morbid diseases, dropouts are one of the biggest problems of long-term studies. In contrast to the large number of research articles conducted on the course of dementia, little research has been done on the completion of treatment. To ensure unbiased and reliable predictors of cognitive decline from study completers, our objective was to determine predictors of dropout. We conducted multivariate analyses of covariance and multinomial logistic regression analyses to compare and predict the subject's dropout behaviour at the second visit 3 years after baseline (full participation, partial participation and no participation/dropout) with neuropsychiatric, cognitive, blood and lifestyle variables. Lower performance in declarative memory, attention and visual–spatial processing predicted dropout rather than full participation. Lower performance in visual–spatial processing predicted partial participation as opposed to full participation. Furthermore, lower performance in mini-mental status examination predicted whether subjects dropped out or participated partially instead of full participation. Baseline cognitive parameters are associated with dropouts at follow-up with a loss of impaired participants. We expect a bias into a healthier sample over time. KW - dementia KW - prevention KW - cognitive decline Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318945 VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 5587 EP - 5600 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Leng, Xiaoyan A1 - Robinson, Jennifer A1 - Johnson, Karen C. A1 - Jackson, Rebecca D. A1 - Beyth, Rebecca A1 - Wactawski-Wende, Jean A1 - Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz A1 - Goveas, Joseph S. A1 - Kuller, Lewis H. A1 - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia T1 - Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study N2 - Background Data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cognitive decline are conflicting. Our objective was to investigate if CVD is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and to examine whether hypertension, diabetes, or adiposity modify the effect of CVD on cognitive functioning. Methods and Results: Prospective follow‐up of 6455 cognitively intact, postmenopausal women aged 65 to 79 years old enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). CVD was determined by self‐report. For cognitive decline, we assessed the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) via modified mini‐mental state examination (3 MS) score, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric examinations. The median follow‐up was 8.4 years. Women with CVD tended to be at increased risk for cognitive decline compared with those free of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.67). Women with myocardial infarction or other vascular disease were at highest risk (HR, 2.10; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.15 or HR, 1.97; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.87). Angina pectoris was moderately associated with cognitive decline (HR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.01) whereas no significant relationships were found for atrial fibrillation or heart failure. Hypertension and diabetes increased the risk for cognitive decline in women without CVD. Diabetes tended to elevate the risk for MCI/PD in women with CVD. No significant trend was seen for adiposity. Conclusions: CVD is associated with cognitive decline in elderly postmenopausal women. Hypertension and diabetes, but not adiposity, are associated with a higher risk for cognitive decline. More research is warranted on the potential of CVD prevention for preserving cognitive functioning. KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - cognitive decline KW - postmenopausal women Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111376 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Leng, Xiaoyan A1 - Robinson, Jennifer A1 - Johnson, Karen C. A1 - Jackson, Rebecca D. A1 - Beyth, Rebecca A1 - Wactawski-Wende, Jean A1 - Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz A1 - Goveas, Joseph S. A1 - Kuller, Lewis H. A1 - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia T1 - Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study JF - Journal of the American Heart Association N2 - Background-—Data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cognitive decline are conflicting. Our objective was to investigate if CVD is associated with an increased risk for cognitive decline and to examine whether hypertension, diabetes, or adiposity modify the effect of CVD on cognitive functioning. Methods and Results-—Prospective follow-up of 6455 cognitively intact, postmenopausal women aged 65 to 79 years old enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). CVD was determined by self-report. For cognitive decline, we assessed the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD) via modified mini-mental state examination (3 MS) score, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric examinations. The median follow-up was 8.4 years. Women with CVD tended to be at increased risk for cognitive decline compared with those free of CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.67). Women with myocardial infarction or other vascular disease were at highest risk (HR, 2.10; 95% CI: 1.40, 3.15 or HR, 1.97; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.87). Angina pectoris was moderately associated with cognitive decline (HR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.01) whereas no significant relationships were found for atrial fibrillation or heart failure. Hypertension and diabetes increased the risk for cognitive decline in women without CVD. Diabetes tended to elevate the risk for MCI/PD in women with CVD. No significant trend was seen for adiposity. Conclusions-—CVD is associated with cognitive decline in elderly postmenopausal women. Hypertension and diabetes, but not adiposity, are associated with a higher risk for cognitive decline. More research is warranted on the potential of CVD prevention for preserving cognitive functioning. KW - postmenopausal women KW - cognitive decline KW - cardiovascular diseases Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129487 VL - 2 IS - e000369 ER -