TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fathy, Moustafa
A1  - Saad Eldin, Sahar M.
A1  - Naseem, Muhammad
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Othman, Eman M.
T1  - Cytokinins: wide-spread signaling hormones from plants to humans with high medical potential
JF  - Nutrients
N2  - Nature is a rich source of biologically active novel compounds. Sixty years ago, the plant hormones cytokinins were first discovered. These play a major role in cell division and cell differentiation. They affect organogenesis in plant tissue cultures and contribute to many other physiological and developmental processes in plants. Consequently, the effect of cytokinins on mammalian cells has caught the attention of researchers. Many reports on the contribution and potential of cytokinins in the therapy of different human diseases and pathophysiological conditions have been published and are reviewed here. We compare cytokinin effects and pathways in plants and mammalian systems and highlight the most important biological activities. We present the strong profile of the biological actions of cytokinins and their possible therapeutic applications.
KW  - cytokinins
KW  - phytohormones
KW  - biological activities
KW  - plant system
KW  - mammalian system
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-271017
SN  - 2072-6643
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gohlke, Jochen
A1  - Deeken, Rosalia
T1  - Plant responses to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and crown gall development
JF  - Frontiers in Plant Science
N2  - Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease on various plant species by introducing its T-DNA into the genome. Therefore, Agrobacterium has been extensively studied both as a pathogen and an important biotechnological tool. The infection process involves the transfer of T-DNA and virulence proteins into the plant cell. At that time the gene expression patterns of host plants differ depending on the Agrobacterium strain, plant species and cell-type used. Later on, integration of the T-DNA into the plant host genome, expression of the encoded oncogenes, and increase in phytohormone levels induce a fundamental reprogramming of the transformed cells. This results in their proliferation and finally formation of plant tumors. The process of reprogramming is accompanied by altered gene expression, morphology and metabolism. In addition to changes in the transcriptome and metabolome, further genome-wide ("omic") approaches have recently deepened our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis of crown gall tumor formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge about plant responses in the course of tumor development. Special emphasis is placed on the connection between epigenetic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and morphological changes in the developing tumor. These changes not only result in abnormally proliferating host cells with a heterotrophic and transport-dependent metabolism, but also cause differentiation and serve as mechanisms to balance pathogen defense and adapt to abiotic stress conditions, thereby allowing the coexistence of the crown gall and host plant.
KW  - phytohormones
KW  - plant defenses
KW  - morphological adaptions
KW  - metabolomic changes
KW  - epigenetics
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119768
SN  - 1664-462X
VL  - 5
IS  - 155
ER  -