TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glémarec, Yann
A1  - Lugrin, Jean-Luc
A1  - Bosser, Anne-Gwenn
A1  - Collins Jackson, Aryana
A1  - Buche, Cédric
A1  - Latoschik, Marc Erich
T1  - Indifferent or Enthusiastic? Virtual Audiences Animation and Perception in Virtual Reality
JF  - Frontiers in Virtual Reality
N2  - In this paper, we present a virtual audience simulation system for Virtual Reality (VR). The system implements an audience perception model controlling the nonverbal behaviors of virtual spectators, such as facial expressions or postures. Groups of virtual spectators are animated by a set of nonverbal behavior rules representing a particular audience attitude (e.g., indifferent or enthusiastic). Each rule specifies a nonverbal behavior category: posture, head movement, facial expression and gaze direction as well as three parameters: type, frequency and proportion. In a first user-study, we asked participants to pretend to be a speaker in VR and then create sets of nonverbal behaviour parameters to simulate different attitudes. Participants manipulated the nonverbal behaviours of single virtual spectator to match a specific levels of engagement and opinion toward them. In a second user-study, we used these parameters to design different types of virtual audiences with our nonverbal behavior rules and evaluated their perceptions. Our results demonstrate our system’s ability to create virtual audiences with three types of different perceived attitudes: indifferent, critical, enthusiastic. The analysis of the results also lead to a set of recommendations and guidelines regarding attitudes and expressions for future design of audiences for VR therapy and training applications.
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - perception
KW  - nonverbal behavior
KW  - interaction
KW  - virtual agent
KW  - virtual audience
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259328
VL  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rommel, Marcel G. E.
A1  - Milde, Christian
A1  - Eberle, Regina
A1  - Schulze, Harald
A1  - Modlich, Ute
T1  - Endothelial–platelet interactions in influenza‐induced pneumonia: A potential therapeutic target
JF  - Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
N2  - Every year, influenza viruses spread around the world, infecting the respiratory systems of countless humans and animals, causing illness and even death. Severe influenza infection is associated with pulmonary epithelial damage and endothelial dysfunction leading to acute lung injury (ALI). There is evidence that an aggressive cytokine storm and cell damage in lung capillaries as well as endothelial/platelet interactions contribute to vascular leakage, pro‐thrombotic milieu and infiltration of immune effector cells. To date, treatments for ALI caused by influenza are limited to antiviral drugs, active ventilation or further symptomatic treatments. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of influenza‐mediated pathogenesis, permissive animal models and histopathological changes of lung tissue in both mice and men and compare it with histological and electron microscopic data from our own group. We highlight the molecular and cellular interactions between pulmonary endothelium and platelets in homeostasis and influenza‐induced pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss novel therapeutic targets on platelets/endothelial interaction to reduce or resolve ALI.
KW  - endothelial cell
KW  - influenza
KW  - interaction
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - lung injury
KW  - platelet
KW  - pneumonia
KW  - therapy
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213610
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
SP  - 606
EP  - 619
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lupiañez, Carmen B.
A1  - Villaescusa, Maria T.
A1  - Carvalho, Agostinho
A1  - Springer, Jan
A1  - Lackner, Michaela
A1  - Sánchez-Maldonado, José M.
A1  - Canet, Luz M.
A1  - Cunha, Cristina
A1  - Segura-Catena, Joana
A1  - Alcazar-Fuoli, Laura
A1  - Solano, Carlos
A1  - Fianchi, Luana
A1  - Pagano, Livio
A1  - Potenza, Leonardo
A1  - Aguado, José M.
A1  - Luppi, Mario
A1  - Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel
A1  - Lass-Flörl, Cornelia
A1  - Einsele, Hermann
A1  - Vázquez, Lourdes
A1  - Ríos-Tamayo, Rafael
A1  - Loeffler, Jürgen
A1  - Jurado, Manuel
A1  - Sainz, Juan
T1  - Common Genetic Polymorphisms within NF kappa B-Related Genes and the Risk of Developing Invasive Aspergillosis
JF  - Frontiers in Microbiology
N2  - Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is an opportunistic infection caused by Aspergillus, a ubiquitously present airborne pathogenic mold. A growing number of studies suggest a major host genetic component in disease susceptibility. Here, we evaluated whether 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within NFκB1, NFκB2, RelA, RelB, Rel, and IRF4 genes influence the risk of IA in a population of 834 high-risk patients (157 IA and 677 non-IA) recruited through a collaborative effort involving the aspBIOmics consortium and four European clinical institutions. No significant overall associations between selected SNPs and the risk of IA were found in this large cohort. Although a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)-stratified analysis revealed that carriers of the IRF4rs12203592T/T genotype had a six-fold increased risk of developing the infection when compared with those carrying the C allele (ORREC = 6.24, 95%CI 1.25–31.2, P = 0.026), the association of this variant with IA risk did not reach significance at experiment-wide significant threshold. In addition, we found an association of the IRF4AATC and IRF4GGTC haplotypes (not including the IRF4rs12203592T risk allele) with a decreased risk of IA but the magnitude of the association was similar to the one observed in the single-SNP analysis, which indicated that the haplotypic effect on IA risk was likely due to the IRF4rs12203592 SNP. Finally, no evidence of significant interactions among the genetic markers tested and the risk of IA was found. These results suggest that the SNPs on the studied genes do not have a clinically relevant impact on the risk of developing IA.
KW  - Invasive Aspergillosis
KW  - genetic polymorphisms
KW  - susceptibility
KW  - NFkB-relatedgenes
KW  - interaction
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165209
VL  - 7
IS  - 1243
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaltdorf, Martin
A1  - Srivastava, Mugdha
A1  - Gupta, Shishir K.
A1  - Liang, Chunguang
A1  - Binder, Jasmin
A1  - Dietl, Anna-Maria
A1  - Meir, Zohar
A1  - Haas, Hubertus
A1  - Osherov, Nir
A1  - Krappmann, Sven
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
T1  - Systematic Identification of Anti-Fungal Drug Targets by a Metabolic Network Approach
JF  - Frontiers in Molecular Bioscience
N2  - New antimycotic drugs are challenging to find, as potential target proteins may have close human orthologs. We here focus on identifying metabolic targets that are critical for fungal growth and have minimal similarity to targets among human proteins. We compare and combine here: (I) direct metabolic network modeling using elementary mode analysis and flux estimates approximations using expression data, (II) targeting metabolic genes by transcriptome analysis of condition-specific highly expressed enzymes, and (III) analysis of enzyme structure, enzyme interconnectedness (“hubs”), and identification of pathogen-specific enzymes using orthology relations. We have identified 64 targets including metabolic enzymes involved in vitamin synthesis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis including 18 targets validated from the literature, two validated and five currently examined in own genetic experiments, and 38 further promising novel target proteins which are non-orthologous to human proteins, involved in metabolism and are highly ranked drug targets from these pipelines.
KW  - metabolism
KW  - targets
KW  - antimycotics
KW  - modeling
KW  - structure
KW  - interaction
KW  - fungicide
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147396
VL  - 3
ER  -