TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Oliver A1 - Roth, Charlotte E. A1 - Job, Hubert T1 - Protected areas and population development in the alps JF - eco.mont : Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management N2 - Nearly a quarter of the Alpine area is covered by a dense network of large protected areas (LPAs) of the four categories national park(NP), biosphere reserve (BR), nature park and world natural heritage site (WNHS). From the time of early industrialization, the Alpine area has undergone a mixed and increasingly polarized demographic development between the poles of immigration and emigration. This article investigates the possible mutual impact of population development and the existence of LPAs. The research design includes a quantitative survey of all Alpine LPAs in terms of their population development and the structure of immigration in the first decade of the 21st century. This will be linked with qualitative expert interviews in four selected NPs. The overall results allow an interpretation of the statistical correlations between type of LPA and migration. KW - geography KW - amenity migration KW - national parks KW - population KW - protected areas KW - regional development Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181901 VL - 9 IS - Special issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Job, Hubert A1 - Bittlingmaier, Sarah A1 - Mayer, Marius A1 - von Ruschkowski, Eick A1 - Woltering, Manuel T1 - Park−People Relationships: The Socioeconomic Monitoring of National Parks in Bavaria, Germany JF - Sustainability N2 - Questions about park–people relationships and the understanding and handling of the conflicts that may result from the creation and management of national parks in the surrounding area are prerequisites for both successful park management and sustainable rural tourism development. This paper analyzes the roles that research may play in relation to park–people relationships in the context of the two oldest German national parks located in Bavaria. The different fields of action of national parks are used to identify the potential for conflict, using detailed case studies from the Bavarian Forest and Berchtesgaden National Parks using quantitative population surveys carried out in 2018. The overall attitude towards both national parks is overwhelmingly positive, with trust towards park administrations and the perceived economic benefits from rural tourism being the attitudes most strongly correlated to the overall level of park–people relationships. Nevertheless, some points of contention still exist, like the ecological integrity approach towards strict nature conservation and related landscape changes (e.g., deadwood cover). A comparison over time shows in both cases that the spatial proximity to the protected area negatively influences people’s attitudes towards the parks, but less so than in the past. Recommendations for national park management include communicating proactively and with greater transparency with locals and decision-makers, to identify conflicts earlier and, where possible, to eliminate them. Furthermore, developing a standardized method to monitor park–people relationships in Germany is a must and would benefit integrated approaches in research and management based on conservation social science. KW - park–people relationships KW - rural tourism KW - Germany KW - Bavaria KW - conflicts KW - national parks KW - Berchtesgaden KW - Bavarian Forest Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245061 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 16 ER -