TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hofgaard, Peter O.
A1  - Jodal, Henriette C.
A1  - Bommert, Kurt
A1  - Huard, Bertrand
A1  - Caers, Jo
A1  - Carlsen, Harald
A1  - Schwarzer, Rolf
A1  - Schünemann, Nicole
A1  - Jundt, Franziska
A1  - Lindeberg, Mona M.
A1  - Bogen, Bjarne
T1  - A Novel Mouse Model for Multiple Myeloma (MOPC315.BM) That Allows Noninvasive Spatiotemporal Detection of Osteolytic Disease
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal human cancer characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow. Mouse models of human MM are technically challenging and do not always recapitulate human disease. Therefore, new mouse models for MM are needed. Mineral-oil induced plasmacytomas (MOPC) develop in the peritoneal cavity of oil-injected BALB/c mice. However, MOPC typically grow extramedullary and are considered poor models of human MM. Here we describe an in vivo-selected MOPC315 variant, called MOPC315.BM, which can be maintained in vitro. When injected i.v. into BALB/c mice, MOPC315.BM cells exhibit tropism for bone marrow. As few as 10\(^4\) MOPC315.BM cells injected i.v. induced paraplegia, a sign of spinal cord compression, in all mice within 3-4 weeks. MOPC315.BM cells were stably transfected with either firefly luciferase (MOPC315.BM.Luc) or DsRed (MOPC315.BM.DsRed) for studies using noninvasive imaging. MOPC315.BM.Luc cells were detected in the tibiofemoral region already 1 hour after i.v. injection. Bone foci developed progressively, and as of day 5, MM cells were detected in multiple sites in the axial skeleton. Additionally, the spleen (a hematopoietic organ in the mouse) was invariably affected. Luminescent signals correlated with serum myeloma protein concentration, allowing for easy tracking of tumor load with noninvasive imaging. Affected mice developed osteolytic lesions. The MOPC315.BM model employs a common strain of immunocompetent mice (BALB/c) and replicates many characteristics of human MM. The model should be suitable for studies of bone marrow tropism, development of osteolytic lesions, drug testing, and immunotherapy in MM.
KW  - resistance
KW  - CD4(+) T-cells
KW  - tumor specific antigen
KW  - plasma cells
KW  - B cell
KW  - C57BL/KALWRIJ mouse
KW  - bone disease
KW  - scid mice
KW  - idiotype
KW  - differentiation
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131117
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scheer, Sebastian
A1  - Krempl, Christine
A1  - Kallfass, Carsten
A1  - Frey, Stefanie
A1  - Jakob, Thilo
A1  - Mouahid, Gabriel
A1  - Mone, Helene
A1  - Schmitt-Graeff, Anette
A1  - Staeheli, Peter
A1  - Lamers, Marinus C.
T1  - S-mansoni Bolsters Anti-Viral Immunity in the Murine Respiratory Tract
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - The human intestinal parasite Schistosoma mansoni causes a chronic disease, schistosomiasis or bilharzia. According to the current literature, the parasite induces vigorous immune responses that are controlled by Th2 helper cells at the expense of Th1 helper cells. The latter cell type is, however, indispensable for anti-viral immune responses. Remarkably, there is no reliable literature among 230 million patients worldwide describing defective anti-viral immune responses in the upper respiratory tract, for instance against influenza A virus or against respiratory syncitial virus (RSV). We therefore re-examined the immune response to a human isolate of S. mansoni and challenged mice in the chronic phase of schistosomiasis with influenza A virus, or with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a mouse virus to model RSV infections. We found that mice with chronic schistosomiasis had significant, systemic immune responses induced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 helper cells. High serum levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-13, IL-2, IL-17, and GM-CSF were found after mating and oviposition. The lungs of diseased mice showed low-grade inflammation, with goblet cell hyperplasia and excessive mucus secretion, which was alleviated by treatment with an anti-TNF-alpha agent (Etanercept). Mice with chronic schistosomiasis were to a relative, but significant extent protected from a secondary viral respiratory challenge. The protection correlated with the onset of oviposition and TNF-alpha-mediated goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus secretion, suggesting that these mechanisms are involved in enhanced immune protection to respiratory viruses during chronic murine schistosomiasis. Indeed, also in a model of allergic airway inflammation mice were protected from a viral respiratory challenge with PVM.
KW  - innate lymphoid cells
KW  - necrosis-factor-alpha
KW  - CD4(+) T-cells
KW  - helminth infection
KW  - pneumona virus
KW  - dendritic cells
KW  - TNF-alpha
KW  - in-vivo
KW  - cytokine responses
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-114723
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 11
ER  -