TY - JOUR A1 - Veniaminova, Ekaterina A1 - Cespuglio, Raymond A1 - Cheung, Chi Wai A1 - Umriukhin, Alexei A1 - Markova, Nataliia A1 - Shevtsova, Elena A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Anthony, Daniel C. A1 - Strekalova, Tatyana T1 - Autism-like behaviours and memory deficits result from a Western Diet in mice JF - Neural Plasticity N2 - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, induced by a Western diet (WD), evokes central and peripheral inflammation that is accompanied by altered emotionality. These changes can be associated with abnormalities in social behaviour, hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions, and metabolism. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular chow or with a WD containing 0.2% of cholesterol and 21% of saturated fat for three weeks. WD-treated mice exhibited increased social avoidance, crawl-over and digging behaviours, decreased body-body contacts, and hyperlocomotion. The WD-fed group also displayed deficits in hippocampal-dependent performance such as contextual memory in a fear conditioning and pellet displacement paradigms. A reduction in glucose tolerance and elevated levels of serum cholesterol and leptin were also associated with the WD. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1a) mRNA, a marker of mitochondrial activity, was decreased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and dorsal raphe, suggesting suppressed brain mitochondrial functions, but not in the liver. This is the first report to show that a WD can profoundly suppress social interactions and induce dominant-like behaviours in naïve adult mice. The spectrum of behaviours that were found to be induced are reminiscent of symptoms associated with autism, and, if paralleled in humans, suggest that a WD might exacerbate autism spectrum disorder. KW - diet KW - autism-like behavior KW - mice Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158211 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shephard, S. E. A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - Nitrosation of dietary precursors N2 - The diet contains a large number of constituents which can be nitrosated in the gastrointestinal tract (especially in the stomach) to potentially carcinogenic nitroso compounds (NOC). The nitrosation of food mixtures has been investigated with a number of assays, such as chemical analysis or detection of alkylating potential, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Relatively good information is available on the formation of stable nitrosamines using high nitrite concentrations. Little is known, however, about the formation of chemically unstable NOC at low nitrite concentration and their genotoxicity in target cells. A comparison of the precursor classes, alkylamines, aromatic amines, amino acids, amides and peptides, ureas and guanidines, reveals a vast range, both with respect to daily intake (105-fold) and nitrosation rate (104-fold both for 1st and 2nd order nitrite dependence). A total span of 108 results for the relative yield of NOC in the stomach. The endogenous NOC burden from dietary ureas and aromatic amines may represent as large a hazard as the intake of preformed NOC. Recent evidence also indicates that heterocyclic amines and phenols must be considered and that the half-life of nitrosated a-amino acids can be much longer than that of nitrosated primary alkylamines. In these classes, more information should be collected on dietary concentrations, on the nitrosation under realistic conditions and on the genotoxicity in stomach lining cells. Within a chemical precursor class, a wide range is seen with respect to alkylating potency. It cannot, therefore, be excluded that individual precursors within the top ranking classes might become more important than single preformed NOC. Not considered in the above analysis but probably just as important for a risk evaluation in a population is the knowledge of the nitrosation conditions and target cell susceptibility in individuals. KW - Ernährung KW - diet KW - amine KW - amino acid KW - urea KW - nitrosation KW - nitroso compound KW - endogenous KW - stomach KW - alkylation KW - 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine KW - DNA binding KW - genotoxic KW - mutagen KW - carcinogen KW - Nitrosierung Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70311 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich T1 - On the role of dietary nitrate in the maintenance of systemic and oral health JF - Dentistry Journal N2 - The assessment of the significance of nitrates ingested with food has undergone a fundamental change in recent years after many controversial discussions. While for a long time, a diet as low in nitrates as possible was advocated on the basis of epidemiological data suggesting a cancer-promoting effect of nitrate-rich diets, more recent findings show that dietary nitrate, after its conversion to nitrite by nitrate-reducing bacteria of the oral microbiota, is an indispensable alternative source for the formation of nitric oxide (NO), which comprises a key element in the physiology of a variety of central body functions such as blood pressure control, defense against invading bacteria and maintenance of a eubiotic microbiota in the gut and oral cavity. This compact narrative review aims to present the evidence supported by clinical and in vitro studies on the ambivalent nature of dietary nitrates for general and oral health and to explain how the targeted adjuvant use of nitrate-rich diets could open new opportunities for a more cause-related control of caries and periodontal disease. KW - nitric oxide KW - nitrite KW - nitrate KW - diet KW - oral KW - periodontitis KW - caries Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275168 SN - 2304-6767 VL - 10 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacka, Felice N. T1 - Nutritional Psychiatry: Inaugural Meeting in Tokyo N2 - Welcome to the inaugural meeting of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research (ISNPR). It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to join with colleagues working in this new and exciting field of research. Although there has long been interest in the links between nutritional deficiencies and psychiatric illness, as well as interest in the role of food allergies in such illnesses, the last five years has seen a significant and notable growth in this nascent field of research, with an accompanying impact on the viewpoints and practices of scientists and clinicians working in mental health. In my particular field of interest – that of the role of overall dietary quality in the common mental disorders, depression and anxiety - there has been an exponential growth in the literature since the end of 2009. It is exciting and gratifying to see concordant results from across the globe, in young children and adolescents through to older adults, and from countries as diverse as Norway and Taiwan. The study of the efficacy of nutritional interventions in psychiatric illness is also developing rapidly, with high quality randomised controlled trials now being conducted in multiple settings and with outcomes that include cognition as well as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. Another important development in this field is the rapidly growing recognition that nutrition is of central importance in the risk for cognitive decline and dementia. As this new recognition filters through to clinical researchers, I look forward to seeing new interventions in this area. Another area of research with significant interest and activity grows from the understanding of the centrality of physical health to mental health and vice versa. There are many nutrition researchers, dietitians and other health practitioners working to address the physical health of patients with mental illness; acting on the recognition that physical and mental health are closely related and mutually reinforcing. There is no doubt that the formation of an international society is timely; we now have the opportunity to join forces to share knowledge and build important collaborations. Building capacity in this field by sharing our knowledge with students and early career researchers will be another important activity of our society, as will building the credibility of nutritional psychiatry research through a clear understanding and implementation of best practice scientific methodology. I welcome each of you to extend the invitation to join our new ISNPR to colleagues and students in your networks. I would also encourage you to contribute to the discussions and sharing of knowledge by contributing short pieces to our newsletter, which will be disseminated by the end of this year. For those who are unable to attend this year’s meeting, we hope that 2014 may present a possibility for attendance. Our aim is conduct our first Annual General Meeting before the end of July 2013 via teleconference and I welcome agenda items from those interested. With very best wishes Felice Jacka President ISNPR KW - diet KW - nutrition KW - depression KW - PUFA KW - omega-3 fatty acids KW - Omega-3-Fettsäuren KW - Ernährung KW - Depression KW - fatty acid metabolism KW - micronutrients KW - psychiatric illness Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-101072 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hendriksma, Harmen P. A1 - Härtel, Stephan A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf T1 - Testing Pollen of Single and Stacked Insect-Resistant Bt-Maize on In vitro Reared Honey Bee Larvae JF - PLoS One N2 - The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. We adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-pollen consumption in a standardized eco-toxicological bioassay. The effects of pollen from two Bt-maize cultivars, one expressing a single and the other a total of three Bt-proteins, on the survival and prepupae weight of honey bee larvae were analyzed. The control treatments included pollen from three non-transgenic maize varieties and of Heliconia rostrata. Three days old larvae were fed the realistic exposure dose of 2 mg pollen within the semi-artificial diet. The larvae were monitored over 120 h, until the prepupal stage, where larvae terminate feeding and growing. Neither single nor stacked Bt-maize pollen showed an adverse effect on larval survival and the prepupal weight. In contrast, feeding of H. rostrata pollen caused significant toxic effects. The results of this study indicate that pollen of the tested Bt-varieties does not harm the development of in vitro reared A. mellifera larvae. To sustain the ecosystem service of pollination, Bt-impact on A. mellifera should always be a crucial part of regulatory biosafety assessments. We suggest that our approach of feeding GM pollen on in vitro reared honey bee larvae is well suited of becoming a standard bioassay in regulatory risk assessments schemes of GM crops. KW - larvae KW - pollen KW - insect pests KW - genetically modified plants KW - diet KW - genetically modified crops KW - maize KW - honey bees Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137803 VL - 6 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Wyler von Ballmoos, Moritz C. A1 - Appel, Lawrence J. A1 - Sacks, Frank M. T1 - Healthy Dietary Interventions and Lipoprotein (a) Plasma Levels: Results from the Omni Heart Trial N2 - Background: Increased lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Studies of dietary interventions on changes in Lp(a) are sparse. We aimed to compare the effects of three healthy dietary interventions differing in macronutrient content on Lp(a) concentration. Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized, 3-period crossover feeding study including 155 (89 blacks; 66 whites) individuals. Participants were given DASHtype healthy diets rich in carbohydrates [Carb], in protein [Prot] or in unsaturated fat [Unsat Fat] for 6 weeks each. Plasma Lp(a) concentration was assessed at baseline and after each diet. Results: Compared to baseline, all interventional diets increased mean Lp(a) by 2 to 5 mg/dl. Unsat Fat increased Lp(a) less than Prot with a difference of 1.0 mg/dl (95% CI, -0.5, 2.5; p=0.196) in whites and 3.7 mg/dl (95% CI, 2.4, 5.0; p<0.001) in blacks (p-value between races=0.008); Unsat Fat increased Lp(a) less than Carb with a difference of 20.6 mg/dl, 95% CI, -2.1, 0.9; p=0.441) in whites and 21.5 mg/dl (95% CI, -0.2, -2.8; p=0.021) in blacks (p-value between races=0.354). Prot increased Lp(a) more than Carb with a difference of 0.4 mg/dl (95% CI, -1.1, 1.9; p=0.597) in whites and 2.2 mg/dl (95%CI, 0.9, 3.5; p=0.001) in blacks (p-value between races=0.082). Conclusion: Diets high in unsaturated fat increased Lp(a) levels less than diets rich in carbohydrate or protein with greater changes in blacks than whites. Our results suggest that substitutions with dietary mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy diets may be preferable over protein or carbohydrates with regards to Lp(a). KW - diet KW - carbohydrates KW - blood plasma KW - heart KW - food consumption KW - cholesterol KW - fatty acids KW - plasma proteins Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Selvin, Elizabeth A1 - He, Xintong A1 - Coresh, Josef A1 - Steffen, Lyn M. A1 - Folsom, Aaron R. A1 - Tang, Weihong A1 - Rebholz, Casey M. T1 - Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary pattern and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm: results from the ARIC study JF - Journal of the American Heart Association N2 - Background The role of a healthy dietary pattern in the prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern and the risk of incident AAAs. Methods and Results Dietary intake was assessed via a 66‐item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (1987–1989) and at visit 3 (1993–1995) in 13 496 participants enrolled in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study without clinical AAA (mean age, 54 years). A dietary scoring index based on food times was constructed to assess self‐reported adherence to a dietary approaches to stop hypertension‐style dietary pattern. Participants were followed for incident clinical AAAs using hospital discharge diagnoses, Medicare inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, or death certificates through December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazards models with covariate adjustment were used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. During a median follow‐up of 23 years, there were 517 incident AAA cases. Individuals with a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style diet score in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of hospitalization for AAA than those in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio\(_{Q5}\) vs \(_{Q1}\): 0.60; 95% confidence intervals: 0.44, 0.83; P\(_{trend}\)=0.002). In detailed analyses, higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy, and nuts and legumes was related to a lower risk for AAA. Conclusions Greater adherence to a Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension‐style dietary pattern was associated with lower risk for AAA. Higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low‐fat dairy as well as nuts and legumes may help to decrease the burden of AAAs. KW - diet KW - dietary approaches to stop hypertension KW - aneurysm Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177442 VL - 7 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haring, Bernhard A1 - Reiner, Alexander P. A1 - Liu, Jungmin A1 - Tobias, Deirdre K. A1 - Whitsel, Eric A1 - Berger, Jeffrey S. A1 - Desai, Pinkal A1 - Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia A1 - LaMonte, Michael J. A1 - Hayden, Kathleen A1 - Bick, Alexander G. A1 - Natarajan, Pradeep A1 - Weinstock, Joshua S. A1 - Nguyen, Patricia K. A1 - Stefanick, Marcia A1 - Simon, Michael S. A1 - Eaton, Charles A1 - Kooperberg, Charles A1 - Manson, JoAnn E. T1 - Healthy Lifestyle and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential. Results from the Women’s Health Initiative JF - Journal of the American Heart Association N2 - Background Presence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality. The relationship between a healthy lifestyle and CHIP is unknown. Methods and Results This analysis included 8709 postmenopausal women (mean age, 66.5 years) enrolled in the WHI (Women's Health Initiative), free of cancer or cardiovascular disease, with deep‐coverage whole genome sequencing data available. Information on lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, physical activity, and diet quality) was obtained, and a healthy lifestyle score was created on the basis of healthy criteria met (0 point [least healthy] to 4 points [most healthy]). CHIP was derived on the basis of a prespecified list of leukemogenic driver mutations. The prevalence of CHIP was 8.6%. A higher healthy lifestyle score was not associated with CHIP (multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% CI], 0.99 [0.80–1.23] and 1.13 [0.93–1.37]) for the upper (3 or 4 points) and middle category (2 points), respectively, versus referent (0 or 1 point). Across score components, a normal and overweight body mass index compared with obese was significantly associated with a lower odds for CHIP (OR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.57–0.88] and 0.83 [95% CI, 0.68–1.01], respectively; P‐trend 0.0015). Having never smoked compared with being a current smoker tended to be associated with lower odds for CHIP. Conclusions A healthy lifestyle, based on a composite score, was not related to CHIP among postmenopausal women. However, across individual lifestyle factors, having a normal body mass index was strongly associated with a lower prevalence of CHIP. These findings support the idea that certain healthy lifestyle factors are associated with a lower frequency of CHIP. KW - body mass index KW - clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential KW - diet KW - lifestyle KW - physical activity KW - smoking Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236146 VL - 10 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coelho, Luis Pedro A1 - Kultima, Jens Roat A1 - Costea, Paul Igor A1 - Fournier, Coralie A1 - Pan, Yuanlong A1 - Czarnecki-Maulden, Gail A1 - Hayward, Matthew Robert A1 - Forslund, Sofia K. A1 - Schmidt, Thomas Sebastian Benedikt A1 - Descombes, Patrick A1 - Jackson, Janet R. A1 - Li, Qinghong A1 - Bork, Peer T1 - Similarity of the dog and human gut microbiomes in gene content and response to diet JF - Microbiome N2 - Background Gut microbes influence their hosts in many ways, in particular by modulating the impact of diet. These effects have been studied most extensively in humans and mice. In this work, we used whole genome metagenomics to investigate the relationship between the gut metagenomes of dogs, humans, mice, and pigs. Results We present a dog gut microbiome gene catalog containing 1,247,405 genes (based on 129 metagenomes and a total of 1.9 terabasepairs of sequencing data). Based on this catalog and taxonomic abundance profiling, we show that the dog microbiome is closer to the human microbiome than the microbiome of either pigs or mice. To investigate this similarity in terms of response to dietary changes, we report on a randomized intervention with two diets (high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. lower protein/higher carbohydrate). We show that diet has a large and reproducible effect on the dog microbiome, independent of breed or sex. Moreover, the responses were in agreement with those observed in previous human studies. Conclusions We conclude that findings in dogs may be predictive of human microbiome results. In particular, a novel finding is that overweight or obese dogs experience larger compositional shifts than lean dogs in response to a high-protein diet. KW - microbiome KW - diet KW - metagenomics KW - dog microbiome KW - human microbiome KW - mouse microbiome KW - pig microbiome Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223177 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cochain, Clement A1 - Chaudhari, Sweena M. A1 - Koch, Miriam A1 - Wiendl, Heinz A1 - Eckstein, Hans-Henning A1 - Zernecke, Alma T1 - Programmed Cell Death-1 Deficiency Exacerbates T Cell Activation and Atherogenesis despite Expansion of Regulatory T Cells in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice JF - PLoS ONE N2 - T cell activation represents a double-edged sword in atherogenesis, as it promotes both pro-inflammatory T cell activation and atheroprotective Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) responses. Here, we investigated the role of the co-inhibitory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in T cell activation and CD4(+) T cell polarization towards pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective responses in mice. Mice deficient for both low density lipoprotein receptor and PD-1 (Ldlr(-/-)Pd1(-/-)) displayed striking increases in systemic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation after 9 weeks of high fat diet feeding, associated with an expansion of both pro-atherogenic IFNγ-secreting T helper 1 cells and atheroprotective Foxp3+ Tregs. Importantly, PD-1 deficiency did not affect Treg suppressive function in vitro. Notably, PD-1 deficiency exacerbated atherosclerotic lesion growth and entailed a massive infiltration of T cells in atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, aggravated hypercholesterolemia was observed in Ldlr(-/-)Pd1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, we here demonstrate that although disruption of PD-1 signaling enhances both pro- and anti-atherogenic T cell responses in Ldlr(-/-) mice, pro-inflammatory T cell activation prevails and enhances dyslipidemia, vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. KW - nutritional deficiencies KW - atherosclerosis KW - spleen KW - aorta KW - diet KW - cytotoxic T cells KW - regulatory T cells KW - T cells Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119823 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 4 ER -