TY - JOUR A1 - Siwka, Wieslaw A1 - Schwinn, Andreas A1 - Baczko, Knut A1 - Pardowitz, Iancu A1 - Mhalu, Fred A1 - Shao, John A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - vpu and env sequence variability of HIV-1 isolates from Tanzania N2 - No abstract available KW - Virologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61355 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maurer, Bernd A1 - Serfling, Edgar A1 - ter Meulen, Volker A1 - Rethwilm, Axel T1 - Transcription factor AP-1 modulates the activity of the human foamy virus long terminal repeat N2 - The human foamy virus (HFV) contains within the UJ region of its long terminal repeat (L TR) three perfect consensus sequences for the binding of the inducible transcription factor AP-1. Results of DNase I footprint protection and gel retardation assays demonstrated that proteins in extracts of HeLa and BHK-21 cells as weil as bacterially expressed Jun and Fos proteins bind to these AP-1 sites. By conducting transient expression assays using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmids carrying LTR sequences with point-mutated AP-1 sites it was found that the three AP-1 sites contribute to the optimal activity ofthe HFV promoter. It is shown that lnduction of the HFV L TR by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and serum factors is mediated through the AP-1 sites. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61444 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Mori, Kazuyasu A1 - Maurer, Bernd A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Transacting transcriptional activation of human spumaretrovirus LTR in infected cells N2 - The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was examined with respect to its ability to function as transcriptional promotor in virus-infected and uninfected cells. Transient transfections using a plasmid in which the 3' L TR of HSRV was coupled to the bacterial chloramphenicol cetyltransferase (cat) gene revealed that the Ievei of HSRV LTR-directed cat gene expression was markedly increased in HSRV-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. Northern blot analysis of cat mRNA from transfected cultures suggests that transactivation of HSRVdirected gene expression occurs at the transcriptionallevel. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61488 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Erlwein, Otto A1 - Baunach, Gerald A1 - Mauerer, Bernd A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - The transcriptional transactivator of human foamy virus maps to the bel 1 genomic region N2 - The human foamy virus (HFV) genome possesses three open reading frames (bel I, 2, and 3) located between env and the 3' long terminal repeat. By analogy to other human retroviruses this region was selected as the most Iikely candidate to encode the viral transactivator. ResuIts presented here confirmed this and showed further that a deletion introduced only into the bell open reading frame of a plasmid derived from an infectious molecular clone of HFV abolished transactivation. In contrast, deletions in bel 2 and bel 3 had only minor effects on the ability to transactivate. The role of the bel I genomic region as a transactivator was further investigated by eukaryotic expression of a genome fragment of HFV spanning the bel I open reading frame. A construct expressing bell under control of a heterologous promoter was found to transactivate the HFV long terminal repeat in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, it is shown that the U3 region of the HFV long terminal repeat is sufficient to respond to the HFV transactivator. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47342 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gow, J. W. A1 - Simpson, K. A1 - Schliephake, Andreas A1 - Behan, W. M. A1 - Morrison, L. J. A1 - Cavanagh, H. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Behan, P. O. T1 - Search for retrovirus in the chronic fatigue syndrome N2 - Aim: To examine peripheral blood and skeletal muscle from patients with chronic fadgue syndrome for exogenous retrovirus. Methods: Blood samples from 30 patients and muscle biopsy specimens of 15 patients were examined for retroviral sequences by DNA extraction, polymerase chain reacdon (PCR), and Southern blotting hybridisation. Sera were examined for human foamy virus by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Results: No difference between the padent and control populations was found for any of the PCR primer sets used (gag, pol, env, and tax regions of HTLV VII). An endogenous gag band was observed in both the padent and control groups. All sera were negative for antibody to human foamy virus. Conclusion: The results indicate that there is no evidence of retroviral involvement in the chronic fatigue syndrome. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61436 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jocher, R. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Kappos, L. A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Search for retroviral sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and brain tissue of multiple sclerosis patients N2 - DNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 1 patient with tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) as well as DNAs from brain and spinal cord of 5 MS cases and 3 controls were examined for human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-related sequences by polymerase chain reaction. The primers used were derived from the HTLV-1 gag, env and tax genes. Amplified products were separated on agarase gels, blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridized to specific radiolabelled oligonucleotides. The sensitivity of amplification and hybridization was one copy of target DNA in 10\8^5\) cellular genomes. None of the specimens was positive for HTLV-1 sequences except the TSP probe. These negative data are all the more significant because brain -material from MS patients was used in these studies. Our studies thus fail to support speculations that HTLV-I is involved in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. KW - Virologie KW - Multiple sclerosis KW - HTLV-I KW - Polymerase chain reaction Y1 - 1990 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61462 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartl, Maximilian J. A1 - Bodem, Jochen A1 - Jochheim, Fabian A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Rösch, Paul A1 - Wöhrl, Birgitta M. T1 - Regulation of foamy virus protease activity by viral RNA JF - Retrovirology N2 - No abstract available. KW - Virologie Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142248 VL - 8 IS - Suppl. 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Heidi A1 - Baunach, Gerald A1 - Bräutigam, Sandra A1 - Mergia, Ayalew A1 - Neumann-Haefelin, Dieter A1 - Daniel, Muthiah D. A1 - McClure, Myra O. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel T1 - Reactivity of primate sera to foamy virus Gag and Bet proteins N2 - In order to establish criteria for the Serodiagnosis of foamy virus infections we investigated the extent to which sera from iofected individuals of human and primate origin react with structural and non-structural virus proteins in immunoblot assays. Using lysates from infected cells as the source of virus antigen, antibodies were preferentially detected against the Gag proteins and the non-structural Bet protein. Both the Gag precursor molecules of 70 and 74K apparent M\(_r\) and the cytoplasmic 60K M\(_r\) Bet protein were found to be phosphorylated, the latter being synthesized in large amounts in infected cells. Rahbit antiserum raised against recombinant human foamy virus (HFV) Gag major capsid protein cross-reacted with foamy viruses of chimpanzee, gorilla, orang-utan, rhesus monkey and Mrican green monkey origin. This was reßected by a broad cross-reactivity of the respective monkey sera to the Gag proteins of the various foamy virus isolates. Cross-reactivity of antisera against the Bet protein was restricted to viruses from man and the great apes. Recombinant Gag and Bet proteins expressed in prokaryotes or in insect cells were readily recognized by foamy virus-positive primate sera. Screening serum samples from chimpanzees with HFV Gag and Bet proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses revealed that 18 out of 35 (52%) were positive for Gag antibodies. Of these, 13 (72 o/o) showed antiborlies against the Bet protein, indicating that Bet antigen is of value in sero1ogical screening for foamy virus infections. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61366 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bothe, Katrin A1 - Aguzzi, Adriano A1 - Lassmann, Hans A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Horak, Ivan T1 - Progressive encephalopathy and myopathy in transgenic mice expressing human foamy virus genes N2 - Transgenie mice carrying the bel region of human foamy retrovirus (HFV) under transcriptional control of its own long terminal repeat expressed tbe transgene in their centrat nervous systems and in smootb and striated muscle tissues. The animals developed a progressive degenerative disease of tbe centrat nervous system and of the striated muscle. Because expression of tbe transgene was dosely correlated witb the appearance of structural damage and inflammatory reactions were scanty, the disease is likely to be caused directly by tbe HFV proteins. These unexpected findings call for a reevaluation of tbe patbogenic potential of HFV in humans. KW - Virologie Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61453 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flügel, Rolf M. A1 - Rethwilm, Axel A1 - Maurer, Bernd A1 - Darai, Gholamreza T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes N2 - Recombinant clonesthat represent the 3' part ofthe genome of the human spumaretrovirus (foamy virus) were established from viral DNA and from DNA complementary to viral RNA. The recombinant clones were characterized by blot hybridizations and nucleotide sequence analysis. The deduced protein sequence of the clones at their 5' ends was found to be homologous to the 3' domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. Downstream of a small intergerne pol-env region a long open reading frame of 985 amino acid residues was identified that according to its genomic location, size, glycosylation signals, and hydrophobicity protile closely resembles the lentiviral env genes. The spumaretroviral env gene is followed by two open reading frames, termed bel-l and bel-2 which are located between env and the long terminal repeat region. The long terminal repeat of 1259 nucleotides is preceded by a polypurine tract and contains the canonical signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retroviruses. The provisional classitication of the spumaretrovirus subfamily is discussed. KW - Virologie KW - foamy retrovirus KW - DNA sequence KW - reverse transcriptase KW - transmembrane protein Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61509 ER -