TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Heike A1 - Maihofer, Adam X. A1 - Jaksic, Nenad A1 - Bojic, Elma Feric A1 - Kucukalic, Sabina A1 - Dzananovic, Emina Sabic A1 - Uka, Aferdita Goci A1 - Hoxha, Blerina A1 - Haxhibeqiri, Valdete A1 - Haxhibeqiri, Shpend A1 - Kravic, Nermina A1 - Umihanic, Mirnesa Muminovic A1 - Franc, Ana Cima A1 - Babic, Romana A1 - Pavlovic, Marko A1 - Mehmedbasic, Alma Bravo A1 - Aukst-Margetic, Branka A1 - Kucukalic, Abdulah A1 - Marjanovic, Damir A1 - Babic, Dragan A1 - Jakovljevic, Miro A1 - Sinanovic, Osman A1 - Avidbegović, Esmina A1 - Agani, Ferid A1 - Warrings, Bodo A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - Nievergelt, Caroline M. A1 - Dzubur-Kulenovic, Alma A1 - Erhardt, Angelika T1 - Association of polygenic risk scores, traumatic life events and coping strategies with war-related PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity in the South Eastern Europe (SEE)-PTSD cohort JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by extremely stressful environmental events and characterized by high emotional distress, re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance and hypervigilance. The present study uses polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the UK Biobank (UKBB) mega-cohort analysis as part of the PGC PTSD GWAS effort to determine the heritable basis of PTSD in the South Eastern Europe (SEE)-PTSD cohort. We further analyzed the relation between PRS and additional disease-related variables, such as number and intensity of life events, coping, sex and age at war on PTSD and CAPS as outcome variables. Methods Association of PRS, number and intensity of life events, coping, sex and age on PTSD were calculated using logistic regression in a total of 321 subjects with current and remitted PTSD and 337 controls previously subjected to traumatic events but not having PTSD. In addition, PRS and other disease-related variables were tested for association with PTSD symptom severity, measured by the Clinician Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS) by liner regression. To assess the relationship between the main outcomes PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, each of the examined variables was adjusted for all other PTSD related variables. Results The categorical analysis showed significant polygenic risk in patients with remitted PTSD and the total sample, whereas no effects were found on symptom severity. Intensity of life events as well as the individual coping style were significantly associated with PTSD diagnosis in both current and remitted cases. The dimensional analyses showed as association of war-related frequency of trauma with symptom severity, whereas the intensity of trauma yielded significant results independently of trauma timing in current PTSD. Conclusions The present PRS application in the SEE-PTSD cohort confirms modest but significant polygenic risk for PTSD diagnosis. Environmental factors, mainly the intensity of traumatic life events and negative coping strategies, yielded associations with PTSD both categorically and dimensionally with more significant p-values. This suggests that, at least in the present cohort of war-related trauma, the association of environmental factors and current individual coping strategies with PTSD psychopathology was stronger than the polygenic risk. KW - life events KW - PTSD KW - CAPS KW - polygenic risk score KW - coping style Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268541 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 129 IS - 5-6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manchia, Mirko A1 - Adli, Mazda A1 - Akula, Nirmala A1 - Arda, Raffaella A1 - Aubry, Jean-Michel A1 - Backlund, Lena A1 - Banzato, Claudio E. M. A1 - Baune, Bernhard T. A1 - Bellivier, Frank A1 - Bengesser, Susanne A1 - Biernacka, Joanna M. A1 - Brichant-Petitjean, Clara A1 - Bui, Elise A1 - Calkin, Cynthia V. A1 - Cheng, Andrew Tai Ann A1 - Chillotti, Caterina A1 - Cichon, Sven A1 - Clark, Scott A1 - Czerski, Piotr M. A1 - Dantas, Clarissa A1 - Del Zompo, Maria A1 - DePaulo, J. Raymond A1 - Detera-Wadleigh, Sevilla D. A1 - Etain, Bruno A1 - Falkai, Peter A1 - Frisén, Louise A1 - Frye, Mark A. A1 - Fullerton, Jan A1 - Gard, Sébastien A1 - Garnham, Julie A1 - Goes, Fernando S. A1 - Grof, Paul A1 - Gruber, Oliver A1 - Hashimoto, Ryota A1 - Hauser, Joanna A1 - Heilbronner, Urs A1 - Hoban, Rebecca A1 - Hou, Liping A1 - Jamain, Stéphane A1 - Kahn, Jean-Pierre A1 - Kassem, Layla A1 - Kato, Tadafumi A1 - Kelsoe, John R. A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Kliwicki, Sebastian A1 - Kuo, Po-Hsiu A1 - Kusumi, Ichiro A1 - Laje, Gonzalo A1 - Lavebratt, Catharina A1 - Leboyer, Marion A1 - Leckband, Susan G. A1 - López Jaramillo, Carlos A. A1 - Maj, Mario A1 - Malafosse, Alain A1 - Martinsson, Lina A1 - Masui, Takuya A1 - Mitchell, Philip B. A1 - Mondimore, Frank A1 - Monteleone, Palmiero A1 - Nallet, Audrey A1 - Neuner, Maria A1 - Novák, Tomás A1 - O'Donovan, Claire A1 - Ösby, Urban A1 - Ozaki, Norio A1 - Perlis, Roy H. A1 - Pfennig, Andrea A1 - Potash, James B. A1 - Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Reininghaus, Eva A1 - Richardson, Sara A1 - Rouleau, Guy A. A1 - Rybakowski, Janusz K. A1 - Schalling, Martin A1 - Schofield, Peter R. A1 - Schubert, Oliver K. A1 - Schweizer, Barbara A1 - Seemüller, Florian A1 - Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria A1 - Severino, Giovanni A1 - Seymour, Lisa R. A1 - Slaney, Claire A1 - Smoller, Jordan W. A1 - Squassina, Alessio A1 - Stamm, Thomas A1 - Steele, Jo A1 - Stopkova, Pavla A1 - Tighe, Sarah K. A1 - Tortorella, Alfonso A1 - Turecki, Gustavo A1 - Wray, Naomi R. A1 - Wright, Adam A1 - Zandi, Peter P. A1 - Zilles, David A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - McMahon, Francis J. A1 - Schulze, Thomas G. A1 - Alda, Martin T1 - Assessment of Response to Lithium Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) Report JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objective: The assessment of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) is complicated by variable length of treatment, unpredictable clinical course, and often inconsistent compliance. Prospective and retrospective methods of assessment of lithium response have been proposed in the literature. In this study we report the key phenotypic measures of the "Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder" scale currently used in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine ConLiGen sites took part in a two-stage case-vignette rating procedure to examine inter-rater agreement [Kappa (\(\kappa\))] and reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)] of lithium response. Annotated first-round vignettes and rating guidelines were circulated to expert research clinicians for training purposes between the two stages. Further, we analyzed the distributional properties of the treatment response scores available for 1,308 patients using mixture modeling. Results: Substantial and moderate agreement was shown across sites in the first and second sets of vignettes (\(\kappa\) = 0.66 and \(\kappa\) = 0.54, respectively), without significant improvement from training. However, definition of response using the A score as a quantitative trait and selecting cases with B criteria of 4 or less showed an improvement between the two stages (\(ICC_1 = 0.71\) and \(ICC_2 = 0.75\), respectively). Mixture modeling of score distribution indicated three subpopulations (full responders, partial responders, non responders). Conclusions: We identified two definitions of lithium response, one dichotomous and the other continuous, with moderate to substantial inter-rater agreement and reliability. Accurate phenotypic measurement of lithium response is crucial for the ongoing ConLiGen pharmacogenomic study. KW - age KW - observer agreement KW - prophylactic lithium KW - mapping susceptibility genes KW - mood disorders KW - onset KW - association KW - reliability KW - morality KW - illness Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130938 VL - 8 IS - 6 ER - TY - THES A1 - Treiber, Susanne T1 - Arzneimittelinteraktionen zwischen Lithium und Diuretika, ACE-Hemmern, AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten sowie nicht-steroidalen Antirheumatika T1 - Drug-drug interactions between lithium and diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, AT1-receptor-antagonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs N2 - Lithium ist noch immer der Goldstandard in der Behandlung der bipolaren Störung und kommt auch in der Behandlung der unipolaren Depression zur Anwendung. Die therapeutische Breite von Lithium ist jedoch gering. Bei zu hohen Spiegeln kann es zu schweren Nebenwirkungen bis hin zu Intoxikationen mit letalem Verlauf kommen. Mit zunehmendem Lebensalter nimmt die renale Lithiumclearance ab. Hinzu kommen somatische Komorbiditäten, welche die renale Lithiumcelarance ebenfalls beeinträchtigen können. Darüber hinaus gibt es eine Vielzahl von Arzneimitteln, welche ebenfalls Einfluss auf den Lithiumspiegel nehmen können. Zu diesen zählen Diuretika, ACE-Hemmer und AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten sowie nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika, welche den am häufigsten rezeptierten Medikamente gehören. In einer retrospektiven naturalistischen Studie wurde der Einfluss einer Komedikation aus einem Schleifen- (Furosemid/Torasemid), Thiazid- (HCT) oder kaliumsparenden Diuretikum (Amilorid, Spironolacton, Triamteren), einem ACE-Inhibitor (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril) oder AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten (Candesartan, Losartan, Irbesartan, Olmesartan, Valsartan) oder einem nicht-steroidalen Antirheumatikum (Acetylsalicylsäure, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen) auf den dosisbezogenen Lithiumspiegel untersucht. Als Stichprobe dienten 501 Lithiumpatienten, welche stationär im Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit der Universitätsklinik Würzburg behandelt worden waren (01/2008 – 12/2015). 92 Patienten (18,4 %) nahmen nur eines der aufgeführten Medikamente ein, während 76 (15,1 %) eine Kombination von bis zu 5 Medikamenten erhielten – somit beinhaltete die Komedikation von 33,5 % der Patienten mindestens eines der aufgeführten Medikamente. Als Kontrollgruppe diente eine Stichprobe von 333 Lithiumpatienten ohne entsprechende Komedikation. Altersintrinsische Faktoren (p < 0,001; R2=0,289), die GFR (p < 0,001; R2=0,377) sowie das Geschlecht (p < 0,001; R2=0,406) scheinen den größten Einfluss auf den Lithiumspiegel zu nehmen (ca. 41 %), während für die Komedikation ein geringerer Effekt anzunehmen ist (ca. 4%). Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein signifikantes Interaktionspotential von Diclofenac und Ibuprofen (p = 0,001). Es ergeben sich auch Hinweise auf ein relevantes Interaktionspotential von Hydrochlorothiazid (p = 0,020). Patienten, welche Acetylsalicylsäure (p < 0,001) oder Allopurinol (p = 0,003) erhalten, scheinen ein Risikokollektiv für erhöhte Lithiumspiegel darzustellen. Die dosisbezogenen Lithiumspiegel der Stichproben mit Einnahme eines ACE-Hemmers/AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonisten und eines Schleifendiuretikums unterschieden sich dagegen nicht signifikant von denen der Kontrollstichprobe ohne Komedikation. Es ist zudem davon auszugehen, dass eine Kombination mehrerer Pharmaka mit Interaktionspotential (p < 0,001) ein höheres Risiko für erhöhte dosisbezogene Lithiumspiegel birgt als eine Monotherapie (p = 0,026) und die Indikation einer solchen sollte daher kritisch geprüft werden. Eine zusätzliche Analyse von 32 Fällen von supratherapeutischen Lithiumserumkonzentrationen von ≥ 1,3 mmol/l (1,3–4,1mmol/l) legt nahe, dass sich ein Großteil von Lithiumintoxikationen durch regelmäßige Spiegelkontrollen und Dosisanpassungen unter Berücksichtigung von Komedikation, Alter und Komorbiditäten sowie Psychoedukation der Patienten vermeiden ließen. N2 - Lithium is still the gold standard in treating bipolar disorder and is indicated in the treatment of unipolar depression as well. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range. Elevated lithium levels can lead to severe adverse effects and lethal intoxications. With increasing age, lithium clearance decreases. Somatic comorbidities can decrease lithium clearance as well. Moreover, there is a large number of drugs, which can affect lithium clearance. Among those are diuretics, ACE-inhibitors/AT1-receptor-antagonists and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. All of them belong to the most frequently prescribed drug. Retrospective data of lithium serum levels was analysed in 501 inpatients, who had been treated in the Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital of Würzburg (01/2008–12/2015). We wanted to investigate whether comedication of loop diuretics (Furosemide/Torasemide), thiaziddiuretics (Hydrochlorothizide) or potassium-sparing diuretics (Amiloride, Spironolactone, Triamterene), ACE-inhibitor (Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril) or AT1-receptor-antagonists (Candesartan, Losartan, Irbesartan, Olmesartan, Valsartan) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Acetylsalicylic acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen)affect the serum concentration of lithium. 92 inpatients (18.4 %) received one of the mentioned drugs, whereas 76 inpatients (15.1 %) received a combination of up to 5 drugs – thus a total of 33.5 % of the patients were treated with at least one potentially interacting drug. The control sample consisted of 333 inpatients whithout comedication of any interacting drug. Age intrinsic factors (p < 0.001; R2=0,289), gfr (p < 0.001; R2=0,377), and sex (p < 0.001; R2=0,406) had the greatest impact on serum lithium concentration (41%) whereas the effect of comedication was lower (4%). There is evidence that Diclofenac and Ibuprofen have a significant effect on dose related lithium concentration (p = 0.001). Possibly hydrochlorothiazide does so, too (p = 0.020). Moreover patients receiving Acetylsalicylic acid (p < 0.001) and Allopurinol (p = 0.003) are at higher risk for elevates lithium concentrations. Dose related lithium levels of the samples receiving an ACE-inhibitor/AT1-receptor-antagonist or loop diuretic did not significantly differ from the control sample without interacting comedication. A combination of potentially interacting drugs (p < 0.001) seems to be more critical than taking only one of the investigated drugs (p = 0.026) and thus the indication should be critically considered. An additional analysis of 32 cases with elevated lithium concentrations ≥ 1.3 mmol/l (1.3–4.1mmol/l) indicates, that most lithium intoxications could be avoided by regular measurements of lithium serum concentration and adaption of lithium dosage in regard of comedication, age and comorbidity if indicated and by patients´ psychoeducation. KW - Arzneimittelinteraktion KW - Lithium KW - Diuretikum KW - ACE-Hemmer KW - AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonist KW - NSAID KW - drug-drug interaction KW - lithium KW - ACE-inhibitor KW - diuretic KW - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207915 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Jong, Simone A1 - Diniz, Mateus Jose Abdalla A1 - Saloma, Andiara A1 - Gadelha, Ary A1 - Santoro, Marcos L. A1 - Ota, Vanessa K. A1 - Noto, Cristiano A1 - Curtis, Charles A1 - Newhouse, Stephen J. A1 - Patel, Hamel A1 - Hall, Lynsey S. A1 - O'Reilly, Paul F. A1 - Belangero, Sintia I. A1 - Bressan, Rodrigo A. A1 - Breen, Gerome T1 - Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder JF - Communications Biology N2 - Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders. KW - bipolar disorder KW - depression KW - genetic association study KW - genetic linkage study Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223622 VL - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaefer, Natascha A1 - Signoret-Genest, Jérémy A1 - von Collenberg, Cora R. A1 - Wachter, Britta A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Tovote, Philip A1 - Blum, Robert A1 - Villmann, Carmen T1 - Anxiety and Startle Phenotypes in Glrb Spastic and Glra1 Spasmodic Mouse Mutants JF - Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience N2 - A GWAS study recently demonstrated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human GLRB gene of individuals with a prevalence for agoraphobia. GLRB encodes the glycine receptor (GlyRs) β subunit. The identified SNPs are localized within the gene flanking regions (3′ and 5′ UTRs) and intronic regions. It was suggested that these nucleotide polymorphisms modify GlyRs expression and phenotypic behavior in humans contributing to an anxiety phenotype as a mild form of hyperekplexia. Hyperekplexia is a human neuromotor disorder with massive startle phenotypes due to mutations in genes encoding GlyRs subunits. GLRA1 mutations have been more commonly observed than GLRB mutations. If an anxiety phenotype contributes to the hyperekplexia disease pattern has not been investigated yet. Here, we compared two mouse models harboring either a mutation in the murine Glra1 or Glrb gene with regard to anxiety and startle phenotypes. Homozygous spasmodic animals carrying a Glra1 point mutation (alanine 52 to serine) displayed abnormally enhanced startle responses. Moreover, spasmodic mice exhibited significant changes in fear-related behaviors (freezing, rearing and time spent on back) analyzed during the startle paradigm, even in a neutral context. Spastic mice exhibit reduced expression levels of the full-length GlyRs β subunit due to aberrant splicing of the Glrb gene. Heterozygous animals appear normal without an obvious behavioral phenotype and thus might reflect the human situation analyzed in the GWAS study on agoraphobia and startle. In contrast to spasmodic mice, heterozygous spastic animals revealed no startle phenotype in a neutral as well as a conditioning context. Other mechanisms such as a modulatory function of the GlyRs β subunit within glycinergic circuits in neuronal networks important for fear and fear-related behavior may exist. Possibly, in human additional changes in fear and fear-related circuits either due to gene-gene interactions e.g., with GLRA1 genes or epigenetic factors are necessary to create the agoraphobia and in particular the startle phenotype. KW - glycine receptor KW - spastic KW - fear KW - anxiety KW - startle reaction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210041 SN - 1662-5099 VL - 13 IS - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rantamäki, Tomi A1 - Vesa, Liisa A1 - Antila, Hanna A1 - Di Lieto, Antonio A1 - Tammela, Päivi A1 - Schmitt, Angelika A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Rios, Maribel A1 - Castrén, Eero T1 - Antidepressant Drugs Transactivate TrkB Neurotrophin Receptors in the Adult Rodent Brain Independently of BDNF and Monoamine Transporter Blockade JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background: Antidepressant drugs (ADs) have been shown to activate BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) receptor TrkB in the rodent brain but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. ADs act as monoamine reuptake inhibitors and after prolonged treatments regulate brain bdnf mRNA levels indicating that monoamine-BDNF signaling regulate AD-induced TrkB activation in vivo. However, recent findings demonstrate that Trk receptors can be transactivated independently of their neurotrophin ligands. Methodology: In this study we examined the role of BDNF, TrkB kinase activity and monoamine reuptake in the AD-induced TrkB activation in vivo and in vitro by employing several transgenic mouse models, cultured neurons and TrkB-expressing cell lines. Principal Findings: Using a chemical-genetic TrkB(F616A) mutant and TrkB overexpressing mice, we demonstrate that ADs specifically activate both the maturely and immaturely glycosylated forms of TrkB receptors in the brain in a TrkB kinase dependent manner. However, the tricyclic AD imipramine readily induced the phosphorylation of TrkB receptors in conditional bdnf(-/-) knock-out mice (132.4+/-8.5% of control; P = 0.01), indicating that BDNF is not required for the TrkB activation. Moreover, using serotonin transporter (SERT) deficient mice and chemical lesions of monoaminergic neurons we show that neither a functional SERT nor monoamines are required for the TrkB phosphorylation response induced by the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors fluoxetine or citalopram, or norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor reboxetine. However, neither ADs nor monoamine transmitters activated TrkB in cultured neurons or cell lines expressing TrkB receptors, arguing that ADs do not directly bind to TrkB. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that ADs transactivate brain TrkB receptors independently of BDNF and monoamine reuptake blockade and emphasize the need of an intact tissue context for the ability of ADs to induce TrkB activity in brain. KW - Serotonin transporter KW - Neuronal plasticity KW - Mood disorders KW - Messenger-RNA KW - Mouse-brain KW - Rat-brain KW - Activation KW - Depression KW - Mice KW - Insensitivity Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133746 VL - 6 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Matthias A1 - Raabe, Thomas T1 - Animal models for Coffin-Lowry syndrome: RSK2 and nervous system dysfunction JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience N2 - Loss of function mutations in the rsk2 gene cause Coffin-Lowry syndrome (CLS), which is associated with multiple symptoms including severe mental disabilities. Despite the characterization of ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) as a protein kinase acting as a downstream effector of the well characterized ERK MAP-kinase signaling pathway, it turns out to be a challenging task to link RSK2 to specific neuronal processes dysregulated in case of mutation. Animal models such as mouse and Drosophila combine advanced genetic manipulation tools with in vivo imaging techniques, high-resolution connectome analysis and a variety of behavioral assays, thereby allowing for an in-depth analysis for gene functions in the nervous system. Although modeling mental disability in animal systems has limitations because of the complexity of phenotypes, the influence of genetic variation and species-specific characteristics at the neural circuit and behavioral level, some common aspects of RSK2 function in the nervous system have emerged, which will be presented. Only with this knowledge our understanding of the pathophysiology of CLS can be improved, which might open the door for development of potential intervention strategies. KW - Coffin-Lowry syndrome KW - RSK2 KW - mental disorders KW - mouse model KW - Drosophila model KW - neuronal dysfunction KW - behavior Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176799 VL - 12 IS - 106 ER - TY - THES A1 - Willenbacher, Ella T1 - Analyse der Frequenz polymorpher repetitiver Elemente innerhalb der Promotorregion des PAX-7 Gens bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie und einer gesunden Vergleichspopulation T1 - Analysis of the frequency of polymorphic repetitive motives in the PAX-7 promotor region in schizophrenic and healthy populations N2 - PAX 7 ist ein Gen mit, neben anderen Funktionen, ausgeprägter neuroentwicklungsgeschichtlicher Bedeutung. Schizophrenie wird heute als primär genetisch bedingte Neuroentwicklungstörung aufgefaßt (I.1.2, Abbildung 2). Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde die Assoziation zwischen den drei repetitiven Trinukleotidpolymorphismen vom (CCT)n Typ und ihren fünf korrespondierenden Genotypen in der regulatorischen Sequenz der PAX 7 Promotorregion, die bekannterweise die Expressionshöhe des PAX 7 Genproduktes beeinflussen und einer Prädisposition zur Entwicklung einer Schizophrenie oder einer Ihrer Subkategorien nach DSM-IV3 (paranoid, nicht-paranoid, schizoaffektiv) mittels eines Polymerasekettenreaktions-basierten Assays in Proben von 280 an Schizophrenie erkrankten Patienten und 229 Kontrollproben gesunder Blutspender untersucht. Weder auf der genotypischen noch auf der allelischen Ebene konnte eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation nachgewiesen werden. Die PAX 7 Promotor Polymorphismen stellen also keine nützlichen Biomarker einer schizophren Polymorphismen Prädisposition dar. Die Rolle dieser Polymorphismen in anderen PAX 7 abhängigen Mechanismen bedarf weiterer Aufklärung, während polygen orientierte „Komplettgenom“ Techniken (z.B. genexpression profiling) besser geeignet sein könnten um das multifaktorielle Netz der Schizophrenie-Entwicklung aufzuklären. N2 - Pax 7 is a gene of , among other features, enormous neurodevelopmental importance. Schizophrenia is today considered to be a primarily genetic based neurodevelopmental disease (I.1.2, figure 2). In this thesis the association between the three repetitive trinucleotide polymorphisms of the (CCT)n type and their five existing genotypic expressions, known to affect expression levels of Pax 7, in the regulative sequence of the Pax 7 promotor and the predisposition towards development of schizophrenia or its subcategories according to DSM-IV3 (paranoid, not-paranoid, schizoaffective) was analyzed by means of an polymerase chain reaction based assay in the DNA of 280 pts. afflicted by this condition and 229 control samples from healthy blood donors. No statistical association was found neither on the genotypic nor the allelic level. Thus Pax 7 promotor polymorphisms are no usefull biomarkers of a predisposition towards a development of schizophrenic manifestations. The role this polymorphisms in other Pax 7 related mechanisms should be further elucidated, while polygenic oriented whole genome techniques (e.g. genexpression profiling) seem to be candidates to entangle the multifactorial web of schizophrenic predisposition. KW - PAX-7 KW - Schizophrenie KW - Promotor KW - PAX-7 KW - Schizophrenia KW - Promotor Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-45392 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Danysz, Wojciech A1 - Dekundy, Andrzej A1 - Scheschonka, Astrid A1 - Riederer, Peter T1 - Amantadine: reappraisal of the timeless diamond—target updates and novel therapeutic potentials JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - The aim of the current review was to provide a new, in-depth insight into possible pharmacological targets of amantadine to pave the way to extending its therapeutic use to further indications beyond Parkinson’s disease symptoms and viral infections. Considering amantadine’s affinities in vitro and the expected concentration at targets at therapeutic doses in humans, the following primary targets seem to be most plausible: aromatic amino acids decarboxylase, glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor, sigma-1 receptors, phosphodiesterases, and nicotinic receptors. Further three targets could play a role to a lesser extent: NMDA receptors, 5-HT3 receptors, and potassium channels. Based on published clinical studies, traumatic brain injury, fatigue [e.g., in multiple sclerosis (MS)], and chorea in Huntington’s disease should be regarded potential, encouraging indications. Preclinical investigations suggest amantadine’s therapeutic potential in several further indications such as: depression, recovery after spinal cord injury, neuroprotection in MS, and cutaneous pain. Query in the database http://www.clinicaltrials.gov reveals research interest in several further indications: cancer, autism, cocaine abuse, MS, diabetes, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, obesity, and schizophrenia. KW - Amantadine Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-330133 VL - 128 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Eschrich, Kathrin T1 - Akustische EKP-Untersuchung von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen (Mismatch Negativity / Negative Difference) bei Patienten mit zykloider Psychose T1 - Acoustic ERP-examination of attention processes (mismatch negativity / negative difference) of patients with cycloid psychosis N2 - Im ICD-10 wird unter der Diagnose „Schizophrenie“ ein breites Spektrum von Erkrankungen zusammengefasst, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Symptomatik, dem Verlauf und der Prognose unterscheiden und deren Ursachen noch weitgehend ungeklärt sind. Karl Leonhard unterteilte die Gruppe der endogenen Psychosen und grenzte die zykloiden Psychosen (ZP) von den systematischen und unsystematischen Schizophrenien ab. Diese Klassifikation konnte sich aber nicht international durchsetzen. Ein klinisch auffälliges Symptom schizophrener Patienten ist ein Defizit bei Konzentrationsleistungen und aufmerksamkeitsabhängigen Aufgaben. Dies lässt sich im Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) mit Hilfe von Ereigniskorrelierten Potentialen (EKP) nachweisen, wobei schizophrene Patienten konstante Abweichungen der frühen EKP-Komponenten aufweisen. Für Patienten mit ZP liegen bislang noch keine Untersuchungen zu gerichteten und ungerichteten Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen vor, obwohl Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen auch für diese Patienten klinisch kennzeichnend sind. Ziel der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit war daher die Untersuchung der Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei Patienten mit ZP im Vergleich zu gesunden, alters- und geschlechtsgematchten Kontrollpersonen. Bei den 11 Patienten (18-55 Jahre) war die Diagnose „zykloide Psychose“ im Sinne der Leonhard-Klassifikation gestellt worden, nach dem ICD-10 lag in allen Fällen eine akut polymorphe psychotische Störung (F23) vor. Für die Generierung der ereigniskorrelierten Potentiale und die Berechnung der Differenzpotentiale „Mismatch Negativity“ (MMN) und „Negative Difference“ (Nd) wurde ein akustisches 3-Ton-Oddball-Paradigma durchgeführt. In einer passiven Bedingung hatten die Probanden die Aufgabe, sich auf einen visuellen Reiz zu konzentrieren und die binaural präsentierten Töne nicht zu beachten (MMN). Bei der aktiven Bedingung musste der Zielton erkannt werden und die visuelle Darbietung sollte ignoriert werden (Nd). Während dessen wurde ein kontinuierliches 21-Kanal-EEG aufgezeichnet, die Elektroden wurden nach dem internationalen 10-20-System aufgebracht. Außerdem wurden neuropsychologische Tests (HAWIE, FAS, TMT, WMS-R) durchgeführt und Verhaltensdaten erfasst. Ziel war die Erhebung von repräsentativen kognitiven Parametern zur genauen Charakterisierung der untersuchten Stichprobe und deren Korrelation mit den elektrophysiologischen Daten. Die während des EKP-Paradigmas ermittelten Verhaltensdaten sind kongruent zu den Ergebnissen der neuropsychologischen Tests: die Patienten zeichnen sich durch weniger richtige und mehr falsche Antwortreaktionen sowie signifikant langsamere Reaktionszeiten aus. Für die EEG-Daten wurden in einem Zeitfenster bis 500 ms post stimulus die Komponenten der EKPs der aktiven und passiven Versuchsbedingung bestimmt und vergleichend für ZP und Normprobanden analysiert. Hierbei wurden besonders die MMN, frontozentrales, negatives Potential um 200 ms post stimulus, als Hinweis für ungerichtete und die Nd als ein Marker für die selektive Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf einen speziellen Reiz untersucht. Hauptbefund der Studie bildet die Übereinstimmung der Amplituden der MMN und Nd der ZP mit denen der Normprobanden. Es konnte weder die bei Schizophrenen typische Reduktion der MMN noch der Nd nachgewiesen werden. Wir nehmen daher an, dass die durch diese Komponenten reflektierten Prozesse ungerichteter und gerichteter Aufmerksamkeit bei Patienten mit ZP nicht beeinträchtigt sind. Dieser Befund unterstützt die Abgrenzung der Zykloiden Psychosen von den schizophrenen Psychosen im Sinne Leonhards, wie er auch schon von anderen Studien nahe gelegt wurde. Auch die zugrunde liegenden EKP-Komponenten wurden untersucht. Dabei fanden sich nur für die N1 und P3 der aktiven Bedingung signifikante Gruppenunterschiede mit kleineren Amplituden (N1 und P3) und längeren Latenzen (P3) bei den ZP. Dies widerspricht den Ergebnissen von Strik, der für ZP eine vergrößerte P3-Amplitude fand und stimmt eher mit Befunden für schizophrene Patienten überein. In dieser Arbeit konnte erstmals nachgewiesen werden, dass die Prozesse ungerichteter und gerichteter Aufmerksamkeit bei Patienten mit zykloider Psychose im Gegensatz zu Patienten mit schizophrener Psychose nicht gestört sind. Allerdings weisen die Potentiale der MMN und Nd eine verlängerte Latenz auf, die auf Schwierigkeiten bei der Reizdiskrimination hinweisen könnten. N2 - The attention-dependent event-related potential (ERP-) components “mismatch negativity” (MMN) and “negative difference” (Nd) were compared in patients with cycloid psychosis (CP) and healthy controls (N) to find out whether patients with CP show the same specific electrophysiological deficits which are observed in patients with schizophrenia. The classification system of endogen psychosis by Karl Leonhard was used for the clinical diagnosis of CP. Eleven patients with CP and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included into the study. A 3-tone-oddball-paradigm was used to generate the event-related potentials and to calculate the difference potentials MMN and Nd. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the passive condition participants concentrated on a visual task and ignored the acoustic signals (MMN). In the active condition they should select the target tone by mouse click and ignore the visual presentation. In parallel, a 21-channel-EEG was continuously written with the electrodes placed according to the international 10-20-system. The components of the ERPs were identified within 500 ms post stimulus in both conditions and compared for controls and patients with CP. In addition, neuropsychological tests were accomplished and behavioural data were collected to characterize the participants and correlate the results with the obtained electrophysiological data. A self chosen combination of tests was used to collect information about general cognitive function (HAWIE) but also about special parameters like prefrontal performance (FAS) and memory capacity (WMSR). The main result of the study is the concordance of the amplitudes of MMN and Nd in CP and controls. The reduction of the MMN or Nd amplitude found typically in schizophrenia patients could not be confirmed. Hence we conclude that the directional and non-directional attention processes which are reflected by these ERP-components are not impaired in patients with CP. This supports the demarcation of cycloid psychosis as suggested by Leonhard. Significant differences between the CP group and the normal controls could only be found for the N1 and P3 component of the active condition with smaller amplitudes (N1 and P3) and longer latency (P3) in patients with CP. These results are in contradiction to published observations of an enlargement in P3 amplitudes for patients with CPbut match findings in patients with schizophrenia. The behavioural data collected during the ERP-paradigm fit to the results of the neuropsychological tests: patients are characterized by less correct answers and longer response times. However, a straightforward interpretation of these data is limited by the fact that the average educational level of the patients group was significantly lower than that of the controls. The latter where mainly recruited from university staff and showed a significantly higher IQ than the patients. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that, in cotrast to what is found in schizophrenia, the directional and non-directional attention processes are not impaired in CP. However, the MMN and Nd show extended latencies in CP. This may reflect difficulties of the patients in stimulus discrimination. KW - zykloide Psychose KW - Schizophrenie KW - Ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale EKP KW - Mismatch Negativity MMN KW - Negative difference Nd KW - cycloid psychosis KW - schizophrenia KW - event-related potentials (ERP) KW - mismatch negativity (MMN) KW - negative difference (Nd) Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-22022 ER -