TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Benedikt A1 - Kredel, Markus A1 - Ullrich, Roman A1 - Krenn, Katharina A1 - Lucas, Rudolf A1 - Markstaller, Klaus A1 - Fischer, Bernhard A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Zwißler, Bernhard A1 - Frank, Sandra T1 - Safety and preliminary efficacy of sequential multiple ascending doses of solnatide to treat pulmonary permeability edema in patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS - a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex clinical diagnosis with various possible etiologies. One common feature, however, is pulmonary permeability edema, which leads to an increased alveolar diffusion pathway and, subsequently, impaired oxygenation and decarboxylation. A novel inhaled peptide agent (AP301, solnatide) was shown to markedly reduce pulmonary edema in animal models of ARDS and to be safe to administer to healthy humans in a Phase I clinical trial. Here, we present the protocol for a Phase IIB clinical trial investigating the safety and possible future efficacy endpoints in ARDS patients. Methods This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study. Patients with moderate to severe ARDS in need of mechanical ventilation will be randomized to parallel groups receiving escalating doses of solnatide or placebo, respectively. Before advancing to a higher dose, a data safety monitoring board will investigate the data from previous patients for any indication of patient safety violations. The intervention (application of the investigational drug) takes places twice daily over the course of 7 days, ensued by a follow-up period of another 21 days. Discussion The patients to be included in this trial will be severely sick and in need of mechanical ventilation. The amount of data to be collected upon screening and during the course of the intervention phase is substantial and the potential timeframe for inclusion of any given patient is short. However, when prepared properly, adherence to this protocol will make for the acquisition of reliable data. Particular diligence needs to be exercised with respect to informed consent, because eligible patients will most likely be comatose and/or deeply sedated at the time of inclusion. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with the EU Clinical trials register (clinicaltrialsregister.eu). EudraCT Number: 2017-003855-47. KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome KW - solnatide KW - extravascular lung water KW - pulmonary edema KW - critical care Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-258783 VL - 22 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Notz, Quirin A1 - Herrmann, Johannes A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Helmer, Philipp A1 - Sudowe, Stephan A1 - Sun, Qian A1 - Hackler, Julian A1 - Roeder, Daniel A1 - Lotz, Christopher A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Schomburg, Lutz A1 - Stoppe, Christian T1 - Clinical Significance of Micronutrient Supplementation in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Severe ARDS JF - Nutrients N2 - The interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress is a vicious circle, potentially resulting in organ damage. Essential micronutrients such as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) support anti-oxidative defense systems and are commonly depleted in severe disease. This single-center retrospective study investigated micronutrient levels under Se and Zn supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and explored potential relationships with immunological and clinical parameters. According to intensive care unit (ICU) standard operating procedures, patients received 1.0 mg of intravenous Se daily on top of artificial nutrition, which contained various amounts of Se and Zn. Micronutrients, inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte subsets and clinical data were extracted from the patient data management system on admission and after 10 to 14 days of treatment. Forty-six patients were screened for eligibility and 22 patients were included in the study. Twenty-one patients (95%) suffered from severe ARDS and 14 patients (64%) survived to ICU discharge. On admission, the majority of patients had low Se status biomarkers and Zn levels, along with elevated inflammatory parameters. Se supplementation significantly elevated Se (p = 0.027) and selenoprotein P levels (SELENOP; p = 0.016) to normal range. Accordingly, glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) activity increased over time (p = 0.021). Se biomarkers, most notably SELENOP, were inversely correlated with CRP (r\(_s\) = −0.495), PCT (r\(_s\) = −0.413), IL-6 (r\(_s\) = −0.429), IL-1β (r\(_s\) = −0.440) and IL-10 (r\(_s\) = −0.461). Positive associations were found for CD8\(^+\) T cells (r(_s\) = 0.636), NK cells (r\(_s\) = 0.772), total IgG (r\(_s\) = 0.493) and PaO\(_2\)/FiO\(_2\) ratios (r\(_s\) = 0.504). In addition, survivors tended to have higher Se levels after 10 to 14 days compared to non-survivors (p = 0.075). Sufficient Se and Zn levels may potentially be of clinical significance for an adequate immune response in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 ARDS. KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome KW - selen KW - zinc KW - critical care KW - oxidative stress KW - nutrient supplementation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241112 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Notz, Quirin A1 - Schmalzing, Marc A1 - Wedekink, Florian A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Gernert, Michael A1 - Herrmann, Johannes A1 - Sorger, Lena A1 - Weismann, Dirk A1 - Schmid, Benedikt A1 - Sitter, Magdalena A1 - Schlegel, Nicolas A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Wischhusen, Jörg A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Lotz, Christopher T1 - Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Responses in Severe COVID-19-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—An Observational Pilot Study JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - Objectives The severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely determined by the immune response. First studies indicate altered lymphocyte counts and function. However, interactions of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study we characterized the immune responses in patients suffering from severe COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods This was a single-center retrospective study in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 between March 14th and May 28th 2020 (n = 39). Longitudinal data were collected within routine clinical care, including flow-cytometry of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine analysis and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15). Antibody responses against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein were analyzed. Results All patients suffered from severe ARDS, 30.8% died. Interleukin (IL)-6 was massively elevated at every time-point. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was concomitantly upregulated with IL-6. The cellular response was characterized by lymphocytopenia with low counts of CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) and naïve T helper cells. CD8+ T and NK cells recovered after 8 to 14 days. The B cell system was largely unimpeded. This coincided with a slight increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) G and a decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-RBD IgM. GDF-15 levels were elevated throughout ICU treatment. Conclusions Massively elevated levels of IL-6 and a delayed cytotoxic immune defense characterized severe COVID-19-induced ARDS. The B cell response and antibody production were largely unimpeded. No obvious imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms was observed, with elevated GDF-15 levels suggesting increased tissue resilience. KW - Coronavirus Disease 2019 KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 KW - cytokines KW - inflammation KW - growth differentiation factor 15 KW - immune response Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212815 SN - 1664-3224 VL - 11 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klingelhöfer, Michael Sascha Wilhelm T1 - Effekte von "Open-Lung"-Beatmung und Volumenmanagement auf Oxygenierung und histopathologischen Lungenschaden im experimentellen Lungenversagen T1 - Effects of open-lung-ventilation and volume therapy on oxygenation an histopathologic lung injury in experimental lung injury N2 - Das akute Lungenversagen des Erwachsenen (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - ARDS) bleibt trotz lungenprotektiver Beatmung und dem Einsatz moderner Therapieverfahren ein schwerwiegendes Krankheitsbild mit nicht selten letalem Ausgang. Ziel der hier durchgeführten experimentellen Studien war es, sowohl den Einfluss verschieden hoher Niveaus des positiven end-exspiratorischen Drucks (PEEP) als auch die Auswirkungen einer unterschiedlichen Volumentherapie hinsichtlich Oxygenierung und histopathologischem Lungenschaden zu untersuchen. Hierzu wurde an 24 weiblichen narkotisierten und druckkontrolliert beatmeten Pietrain-Schweinen ein Lungenversagen mittels repetitiver bronchoalveolärer Lavage mit Kochsalzlösung induziert. Je acht Tiere wurden randomisiert und einer von drei Versuchsgruppen zugeteilt. In der ARDSNet(V+)-Gruppe wurde gemäß dem ARDS-Netzwerk mit einem festen Kombinationsschema aus PEEP und inspiratorischer Sauerstofffraktion (FiO2) beatmet und eine liberale Volumentherapie angewandt. In den Gruppen mit Open-Lung-Konzept (OLC) OLC(V+)- und OLC(V-) wurde eine Beatmung mit einem PEEP von 3 cm H2O über dem unteren Umschlagspunkt der Druck-Volumen-Kurve sowie Rekrutierungsmanövern von 50 cm H2O über 30 Sekunden durchgeführt. Die beiden OLC-Gruppen unterschieden sich im Hinblick auf die Volumensubstitution: restriktive Volumentherapie in OLC(V-) und liberale Volumentherapie in OLC(V+). Der Versuchszeitraum nach Randomisierung betrug 6,5 Stunden. Es wurden Gasaustausch- und Hämodynamikparameter zu fünf verschiedenen Messzeitpunkten ausgewertet. Des Weiteren wurden nach dem Versuchsende die Lungen histologisch untersucht. Bei der Untersuchung der Effekte der Beatmungsstrategien zeigte sich beim Vergleich der Gruppen mit großzügiger Volumensubstitution in der Gruppe mit höherem PEEP (OLC(V+)) eine bessere Oxygenierung (PaO2/FiO2 416+/-80 mmHg), verglichen mit der Beatmung gemäß ARDS-Netzwerk (ARDSNet(V+): PaO2/FiO2 189+/-55 mmHg). Ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied im histopathologischen Lungenschaden zwischen beiden Gruppen konnte nicht gefunden werden (Gesamtscore OLC(V+) 1,6+/ [1,2-1,9] vs. ARDSNet(V+) 1,9 [1,4-2,0]). Bei der Untersuchung der Effekte der Volumentherapie konnte beim Vergleich der Gruppen mit Beatmung nach Open-Lung-Konzept in der Gruppe mit einem restriktiven Volumenmanagement (OLC(V-)) ein signifikant reduzierter histopathologischer Lungenschaden (Gesamtscore 0,9 [0,8-1,4]), jedoch keine weitere Verbesserung der Oxygenierung (PaO2/FiO2 400+/-55 mmHg) gegenüber der Gruppe mit liberalem Volumenmanagement (OLC(V+)) festgestellt werden. Zusammenfassend konnten wir mit unserer Studie zeigen, dass im experimentellen ARDS eine restriktive Volumentherapie den Lungenschaden reduzieren kann. Das Volumen-management scheint im experimentellen Lungenversagen somit einen größeren Einfluss auf den Lungenschaden zu haben als die Höhe des PEEP. N2 - The effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and intravascular volume administration on the histopathologic lung injury were not investigated in experimental lung injury previously. We hypothesized that high PEEP and a restrictive volume therapy would yield the best oxygenation and the least degree of lung injury. 24 Pigs underwent saline lavage-induced lung injury. The animals were ventilated either with low PEEP according to ARDS-network (mean PEEP 9 to 12 cm H2O) and liberal volume therapy using hydroxyethyl starch (ARDSNet (V+)) or with high PEEP (PEEP 3 cm H20 above the lower inflection point of the pressure-volume-curve) combined with recruitment maneuvers and liberal (OLC (V+)) or restrictive volume therapy (OCL(V-)). After 6.5 hours, lung injury was determined by using a histopathologic score evaluating overdistension, edema, exsudation, and inflammation. When volume therapy was liberal, high PEEP (OLC(V+)) improved the Pao₂/Fio₂ index (416+/-80 mmHg) compared to low PEEP (ARDSNet(V+), 189+/-55 mmHg) but there was no difference in the median (interquartile range) lung injury score: 1.6 (1.2-1.9) to 1.9 (1.4-2.0). High PEEP with restrictive volume therapy (OLC(V-)) did not further improve oxygenation (400+/-55 mmHg) but ameliorated the degree of lung injury: 0.9 (0.8-1.4). In summary in lavage-induced lung injury, high PEEP improved oxygenation, but restrictive volume administration markedly reduced the degree of histopathologic lung injury. KW - ARDS KW - PEEP KW - Open-Lung-Beatmung KW - Volumenmanagement KW - Open-lung-ventilation KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome KW - acute lung injury KW - fluid therapy KW - positive pressure respiration Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57441 ER -