TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cicova, Zdenka
A1  - Dejung, Mario
A1  - Skalicky, Tomas
A1  - Eisenhuth, Nicole
A1  - Hanselmann, Steffen
A1  - Morriswood, Brooke
A1  - Figueiredo, Luisa M.
A1  - Butter, Falk
A1  - Janzen, Christian J.
T1  - Two flagellar BAR domain proteins in Trypanosoma brucei with stage-specific regulation
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Trypanosomes are masters of adaptation to different host environments during their complex life cycle. Large-scale proteomic approaches provide information on changes at the cellular level, and in a systematic way. However, detailed work on single components is necessary to understand the adaptation mechanisms on a molecular level. Here, we have performed a detailed characterization of a bloodstream form (BSF) stage-specific putative flagellar host adaptation factor Tb927.11.2400, identified previously in a SILAC-based comparative proteome study. Tb927.11.2400 shares 38% amino acid identity with TbFlabarin (Tb927.11.2410), a procyclic form (PCF) stage-specific flagellar BAR domain protein. We named Tb927.11.2400 TbFlabarin-like (TbFlabarinL), and demonstrate that it originates from a gene duplication event, which occurred in the African trypanosomes. TbFlabarinL is not essential for the growth of the parasites under cell culture conditions and it is dispensable for developmental differentiation from BSF to the PCF in vitro. We generated TbFlabarinL-specific antibodies, and showed that it localizes in the flagellum. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments together with a biochemical cell fractionation suggest a dual association of TbFlabarinL with the flagellar membrane and the components of the paraflagellar rod.
KW  - parasite biology
KW  - protein translocation
KW  - Trypanosoma brucei
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181021
VL  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jakobson, Liina
A1  - Vaahtera, Lauri
A1  - Tõldsepp, Kadri
A1  - Nuhkat, Maris
A1  - Wang, Cun
A1  - Wang, Yuh-Shuh
A1  - Hõrak, Hanna
A1  - Valk, Ervin
A1  - Pechter, Priit
A1  - Sindarovska, Yana
A1  - Tang, Jing
A1  - Xiao, Chuanlei
A1  - Xu, Yang
A1  - Talas, Ulvi Gerst
A1  - García-Sosa, Alfonso T.
A1  - Kangasjärvi, Saijaliisa
A1  - Maran, Uko
A1  - Remm, Maido
A1  - Roelfsema, M. Rob G.
A1  - Hu, Honghong
A1  - Kangasjärvi, Jaakko
A1  - Loog, Mart
A1  - Schroeder, Julian I.
A1  - Kollist, Hannes
A1  - Brosché, Mikael
T1  - Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Cvi-0 Accession Reveals an Important Role of MPK12 in Guard Cell CO\(_{2}\) Signaling
JF  - PLoS Biology
N2  - Plant gas exchange is regulated by guard cells that form stomatal pores. Stomatal adjustments are crucial for plant survival; they regulate uptake of CO\(_{2}\) for photosynthesis, loss of water, and entrance of air pollutants such as ozone. We mapped ozone hypersensitivity, more open stomata, and stomatal CO\(_{2}\)-insensitivity phenotypes of the Arabidopsis thaliana accession Cvi-0 to a single amino acid substitution in MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN (MAP) KINASE 12 (MPK12). In parallel, we showed that stomatal CO\(_{2}\)-insensitivity phenotypes of a mutant cis (CO\(_{2}\)-insensitive) were caused by a deletion of MPK12. Lack of MPK12 impaired bicarbonate-induced activation of S-type anion channels. We demonstrated that MPK12 interacted with the protein kinase HIGH LEAF TEMPERATURE 1 (HT1)—a central node in guard cell CO\(_{2}\) signaling—and that MPK12 functions as an inhibitor of HT1. These data provide a new function for plant MPKs as protein kinase inhibitors and suggest a mechanism through which guard cell CO\(_{2}\) signaling controls plant water management.
KW  - MPK12
KW  - CO\(_{2}\) signaling
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW  - Cvi-0
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166657
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shepard, Blythe D.
A1  - Cheval, Lydie
A1  - Peterlin, Zita
A1  - Firestein, Stuart
A1  - Koepsell, Hermann
A1  - Doucet, Alain
A1  - Pluznick, Jennifer L.
T1  - A Renal Olfactory Receptor Aids in Kidney Glucose Handling
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein-coupled receptors which serve important sensory functions beyond their role as odorant detectors in the olfactory epithelium. Here we describe a novel role for one of these ORs, Olfr1393, as a regulator of renal glucose handling. Olfr1393 is specifically expressed in the kidney proximal tubule, which is the site of renal glucose reabsorption. Olfr1393 knockout mice exhibit urinary glucose wasting and improved glucose tolerance, despite euglycemia and normal insulin levels. Consistent with this phenotype, Olfr1393 knockout mice have a significant decrease in luminal expression of Sglt1, a key renal glucose transporter, uncovering a novel regulatory pathway involving Olfr1393 and Sglt1. In addition, by utilizing a large scale screen of over 1400 chemicals we reveal the ligand profile of Olfr1393 for the first time, offering new insight into potential pathways of physiological regulation for this novel signaling pathway.
KW  - olfactory receptor
KW  - Olfr1393
KW  - kidney
KW  - glucose handling
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167605
VL  - 6
IS  - 35215
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gallo, Linda A.
A1  - Ward, Micheal S.
A1  - Fotheringham, Amelia K.
A1  - Zhuang, Aowen
A1  - Borg, Danielle J.
A1  - Flemming, Nicole B.
A1  - Harvie, Ben M.
A1  - Kinneally, Toni L.
A1  - Yeh, Shang-Ming
A1  - McCarthy, Domenica A.
A1  - Koepsell, Hermann
A1  - Vallon, Volker
A1  - Pollock, Carol
A1  - Panchapakesan, Usha
A1  - Forbes, Josephine M.
T1  - Once daily administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, attenuates markers of renal fibrosis without improving albuminuria in diabetic db/db mice
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Blood glucose control is the primary strategy to prevent complications in diabetes. At the onset of kidney disease, therapies that inhibit components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) are also indicated, but these approaches are not wholly effective. Here, we show that once daily administration of the novel glucose lowering agent, empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor which targets the kidney to block glucose reabsorption, has the potential to improve kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. In male db/db mice, a 10-week treatment with empagliflozin attenuated the diabetes-induced upregulation of profibrotic gene markers, fibronectin and transforming-growth-factor-beta. Other molecular (collagen IV and connective tissue growth factor) and histological (tubulointerstitial total collagen and glomerular collagen IV accumulation) benefits were seen upon dual therapy with metformin. Albuminuria, urinary markers of tubule damage (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL), kidney growth, and glomerulosclerosis, however, were not improved with empagliflozin or metformin, and plasma and intra-renal renin activity was enhanced with empagliflozin. In this model, blood glucose lowering with empagliflozin attenuated some molecular and histological markers of fibrosis but, as per treatment with metformin, did not provide complete renoprotection. Further research to refine the treatment regimen in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy is warranted.
KW  - SGLT2 inhibitor
KW  - empagliflozin
KW  - glucose lowering agent
KW  - kidney disease
KW  - type 2 diabetes
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167678
VL  - 6
IS  - 26428
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuster, Ann-Christin
A1  - Burghardt, Markus
A1  - Alfarhan, Ahmed
A1  - Bueno, Amauri
A1  - Hedrich, Rainer
A1  - Leide, Jana
A1  - Thomas, Jacob
A1  - Riederer, Markus
T1  - Effectiveness of cuticular transpiration barriers in a desert plant at controlling water loss at high temperatures
JF  - AoB Plants
N2  - Maintaining the integrity of the cuticular transpiration barrier even at elevated temperatures is of vital importance especially for hot-desert plants. Currently, the temperature dependence of the leaf cuticular water permeability and its relationship with the chemistry of the cuticles are not known for a single desert plant. This study investigates whether (i) the cuticular permeability of a desert plant is lower than that of species from non-desert habitats, (ii) the temperature-dependent increase of permeability is less pronounced than in those species and (iii) whether the susceptibility of the cuticular permeability barrier to high temperatures is related to the amounts or properties of the cutin or the cuticular waxes. We test these questions with Rhazya stricta using the minimum leaf water vapour conductance (gmin) as a proxy for cuticular water permeability. gmin of R. stricta (5.41 × 10\(^{-5}\) m s\(^{-1}\) at 25 °C) is in the upper range of all existing data for woody species from various non-desert habitats. At the same time, in R. stricta, the effect of temperature (15-50 °C) on gmin (2.4-fold) is lower than in all other species (up to 12-fold). Rhazya stricta is also special since the temperature dependence of gmin does not become steeper above a certain transition temperature. For identifying the chemical and physical foundation of this phenomenon, the amounts and the compositions of cuticular waxes and cutin were determined. The leaf cuticular wax (251.4 μg cm\(^{-2}\)) is mainly composed of pentacyclic triterpenoids (85.2% of total wax) while long-chain aliphatics contribute only 3.4%. In comparison with many other species, the triterpenoid-to-cutin ratio of R. stricta (0.63) is high. We propose that the triterpenoids deposited within the cutin matrix restrict the thermal expansion of the polymer and, thus, prevent thermal damage to the highly ordered aliphatic wax barrier even at high temperatures.
KW  - conductance
KW  - triterpenoids
KW  - aliphatic compounds
KW  - cuticular transpiration
KW  - cuticular wax
KW  - cutin
KW  - desert
KW  - minimum
KW  - plant cuticle
KW  - temperature
KW  - transition temperature
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160963
VL  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jahn, Martin T.
A1  - Markert, Sebastian M.
A1  - Ryu, Taewoo
A1  - Ravasi, Timothy
A1  - Stigloher, Christian
A1  - Hentschel, Ute
A1  - Moitinho-Silva, Lucas
T1  - Shedding light on cell compartmentation in the candidate phylum Poribacteria by high resolution visualisation and transcriptional profiling
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Assigning functions to uncultivated environmental microorganisms continues to be a challenging endeavour. Here, we present a new microscopy protocol for fluorescence in situ hybridisation-correlative light and electron microscopy (FISH-CLEM) that enabled, to our knowledge for the first time, the identification of single cells within their complex microenvironment at electron microscopy resolution. Members of the candidate phylum Poribacteria, common and uncultivated symbionts of marine sponges, were used towards this goal. Cellular 3D reconstructions revealed bipolar, spherical granules of low electron density, which likely represent carbon reserves. Poribacterial activity profiles were retrieved from prokaryotic enriched sponge metatranscriptomes using simulation-based optimised mapping. We observed high transcriptional activity for proteins related to bacterial microcompartments (BMC) and we resolved their subcellular localisation by combining FISH-CLEM with immunohistochemistry (IHC) on ultra-thin sponge tissue sections. In terms of functional relevance, we propose that the BMC-A region may be involved in 1,2-propanediol degradation. The FISH-IHC-CLEM approach was proven an effective toolkit to combine -omics approaches with functional studies and it should be widely applicable in environmental microbiology.
KW  - high resolution visualisation
KW  - transcriptional profiling
KW  - FISH-CLEM
KW  - cell compartmentation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167513
VL  - 6
IS  - 35860
ER  -