TY - JOUR A1 - Hohenauer, Tobias A1 - Berking, Carola A1 - Schmidt, Andreas A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian A1 - Senft, Daniela A1 - Kammerbauer, Claudia A1 - Fraschka, Sabine A1 - Graf, Saskia Anna A1 - Irmler, Martin A1 - Beckers, Johannes A1 - Flaig, Michael A1 - Aigner, Achim A1 - Höbel, Sabrina A1 - Hoffmann, Franziska A1 - Hermeking, Heiko A1 - Rothenfusser, Simon A1 - Endres, Stefan A1 - Ruzicka, Thomas A1 - Besch, Robert T1 - The neural crest transcription factor Brn3a is expressed in melanoma and required for cell cycle progression and survival JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - Pigment cells and neuronal cells both are derived from the neural crest. Here, we describe the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) domain transcription factor Brn3a, normally involved in neuronal development, to be frequently expressed in melanoma, but not in melanocytes and nevi. RNAi-mediated silencing of Brn3a strongly reduced the viability of melanoma cell lines and decreased tumour growth in vivo. In melanoma cell lines, inhibition of Brn3a caused DNA double-strand breaks as evidenced by Mre11/Rad50-containing nuclear foci. Activated DNA damage signalling caused stabilization of the tumour suppressor p53, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. When Brn3a was ectopically expressed in primary melanocytes and fibroblasts, anchorage-independent growth was increased. In tumourigenic melanocytes and fibroblasts, Brn3a accelerated tumour growth in vivo. Furthermore, Brn3a cooperated with proliferation pathways such as oncogenic BRAF, by reducing oncogene-induced senescence in non-malignant melanocytes. Together, these results identify Brn3a as a new factor in melanoma that is essential for melanoma cell survival and that promotes melanocytic transformation and tumourigenesis. KW - oncogene-induced senescence KW - BRN-3A KW - DNA KW - DNA damage KW - tumourigenesis KW - P53 KW - in-vitro KW - neural crest factors KW - family KW - apoptosis KW - melanoma KW - BRAF mutations KW - domain Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122193 SN - 1757-4676 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adam, Christian A1 - Baeurle, Anne A1 - Brodsky, Jeffrey L. A1 - Schrama, David A1 - Wipf, Peter A1 - Becker, Jürgen Christian A1 - Houben, Roland T1 - The HSP70 Modulator MAL3-101 Inhibits Merkel Cell Carcinoma N2 - Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer for which no effective treatment is available. MCC represents a human cancer with the best experimental evidence for a causal role of a polyoma virus. Large T antigens (LTA) encoded by polyoma viruses are oncoproteins, which are thought to require support of cellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to exert their transforming activity. Here we evaluated the capability of MAL3-101, a synthetic HSP70 inhibitor, to limit proliferation and survival of various MCC cell lines. Remarkably, MAL3-101 treatment resulted in considerable apoptosis in 5 out of 7 MCC cell lines. While this effect was not associated with the viral status of the MCC cells, quantitative mRNA expression analysis of the known HSP70 isoforms revealed a significant correlation between MAL3-101 sensitivity and HSC70 expression, the most prominent isoform in all cell lines. Moreover, MAL3-101 also exhibited in vivo antitumor activity in an MCC xenograft model suggesting that this substance or related compounds are potential therapeutics for the treatment of MCC in the future. KW - apoptosis KW - cancer treatment KW - cell staining KW - cultured fibroplasts KW - heat shock response KW - membrans proteins KW - polymerase chain reaction Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112795 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haferkamp, Sebastian A1 - Hesbacher, Sonja A1 - Weyandt, Gerhard A1 - Vetter-Kauczok, Claudia S. A1 - Becker, Jürgen C. A1 - Motschenbacher, Stephanie A1 - Wobser, Marion A1 - Maier, Melissa A1 - Schmid, Corinna P. A1 - Houben, Roland T1 - p53 regulation by TRP2 is not pervasive in melanoma N2 - p53 is a central tumor suppressor protein and its inhibition is believed to be a prerequisite for cancer development. In approximately 50% of all malignancies this is achieved by inactivating mutations in the p53 gene. However, in several cancer entities, including melanoma, p53 mutations are rare. It has been recently proposed that tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2), a protein involved in melanin synthesis, may act as suppressor of the p53 pathway in melanoma. To scrutinize this notion we analyzed p53 and TRP2 expression by immunohistochemistry in 172 melanoma tissues and did not find any correlation. Furthermore, we applied three different TRP2 shRNAs to five melanoma cell lines and could not observe a target specific effect of the TRP2 knockdown on either p53 expression nor p53 reporter gene activity. Likewise, ectopic expression of TRP2 in a TRP2 negative melanoma cell line had no impact on p53 expression. In conclusion our data suggest that p53 repression critically controlled by TRP2 is not a general event in melanoma. KW - melanomas KW - melanoma cell KW - cell staining KW - histology KW - reporter genes KW - apoptosis KW - immunohistochemistry techniques KW - tumor suppressor genes Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111396 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hausmann, Dominikus T1 - Die Bedeutung von cFLIPlong für die Todesrezeptor-abhängige Regulation der Apoptose in HaCaT-Keratinozyten T1 - Significance of cFLIPlong in death-receptor-dependent regulation of apoptosis in HaCaT N2 - Die Todesrezeptoren der TNF-Familie sind neben der Vermittlung von Apoptosesignalen auch in der Lage, nicht-apoptotische intrazelluläre Signalwege zu beeinflussen. Der Caspase-8-Inhibitor cFLIPlong inhibiert dosisabhängig die Prozessierung der Initiator-Caspase-8 am TRAIL-DISC (death inducing signalling complex) und hemmt die Aktivierung des NF-kappa-B-Signalweges über die Modulation der Rekrutierung und Spaltung des für die NF-kappa-B-Aktivierung notwendigen RIP (receptor interactin protein)am DISC. N2 - TNF-derived death-receptors are not only involved in transducing apoptosis-signalling but also modulate non-apoptotic pathways. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein cFLIPlong is able to block processing of initiator-caspases in the TRAIL-DISC dependent on the FLIP/Casp-8- level. It also interacts with NF-kappa-B-signalling pathways by modulating the recruitment and processing of receptor-interacting-protein RIP in the TRAIL-DISC-complex. KW - Apoptosis KW - Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor KW - Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor KW - Interferon KW - Bcl-2-Proteinfamilie KW - Caspasen KW - Fas-Ligand KW - Onkologie KW - HaCaT KW - TRAIL KW - RIP KW - TRAIL-Rezeptor KW - cFLIP KW - Nuklearfaktor KW - apoptosis KW - NF-kappa-B KW - cFLIP KW - RIP KW - TRAIL-receptor Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75892 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mackert, Katrin T1 - Untersuchungen zur Apoptose durch das Kontakthapten NiCl 2 in humanen Nabelschnurendothelzellen T1 - Investigations on apoptosis by the contact allergen nickel chloride in human umbilical venous endothelial cells1 N2 - Ziel unserer Untersuchungen war es, herauszufinden, ob das Kontakthapten und Umweltgift Nickelchlorid im Vergleich zum etablierten Apoptoseinduktor TNF programmierten Zelltod in Endothelzellen auslösen kann. In Gegenwart des Proteinsyntheseinhibitors Cycloheximid sowie des Transkritionsinhibitors Actinomycin D zeigte sich eine dosisabhängige Zunahme der Apotposerate, die offenbar eine Inhibition proteinsyntheseabhängiger und somit vor Apoptose schützender Mechanismen erfordert. Die Synthese dieser zytoprotektiven Proteine ist von einer Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors NF-kB abhängig, wie es auch nach Exposition mit Nickel beobachtet wird. Zur Untersuchung der Mechanismen der NiCl-vermittelten Apoptose setzten wir weiterhin den Caspaseinhibitor Z-VADfmk ein; dieser blockierte die NiCl/CHX-vermittelte DNA-Fragmentation und Apoptose vollständig. Im Rahmen physiologischer wie auch pathophysiologischer Vorgänge werden Endothelzellen oxidativem Streß in Form reaktiver Sauerstoffradikale ausgesetzt, die zu einer Heraufregulation von Fas und seines Liganden FasL, welche einen bedeutende Rolle bei der Initiierung des programmierten Zelltods spielen, führen. Nickel bewirkt ähnlich wie freie Sauerstoffradikale eine Heraufregulation beider Parameter, erfordert hierfür aber die Gegenwart von CHX. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluß der Mitogen-aktivierbaren (MAP-)-Kinase p38 auf die NiCl-vermittelte DNA-Fragmentation studiert. P38 wird nach Exposition mit Nickel, ähnlich wie nach Stimulation mit TNF, aktiviert; eine Hemmung dieser Kinase mit dem pharmakologischen Inhibitor SB 202190 steigert die Nickelchlorid-induzierte Apoptoserate. Zusammenfassend belegt diese Studie, daß Nickel, welches als Kontaktallergen, als Umweltgift sowie als Bestandteil mancher Prothesematerialien im Kontext der Biokompatibilität medizinisch relevant sein kann, über weitgehend noch undefinierte Signalwege DNA-Fragmentation und Apoptose von primären humanen Endothelzellen vermittelt. N2 - This investigation on the contact allergen nickel chloride proves that nickel chloride, which has great importance as contact allergen, as toxic substance and as component of medical prothetic material, is of great medical value and signals apoptosis through until today mostly undefined signaling pathways in human umbilical venous endothelial cells. KW - Apoptose KW - Endothelzellen KW - Kontaktallergie KW - Tumornekrosefaktor KW - apoptosis KW - endothelial cells KW - contact allergy KW - tumor necrosis factor Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-16511 ER -