TY - JOUR A1 - Haeussinger, Florian B. A1 - Heinzel, Sebastian A1 - Hahn, Tim A1 - Schecklmann, Martin A1 - Ehlis, Ann-Christine A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. T1 - Simulation of Near-Infrared Light Absorption Considering Individual Head and Prefrontal Cortex Anatomy: Implications for Optical Neuroimaging JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an established optical neuroimaging method for measuring functional hemodynamic responses to infer neural activation. However, the impact of individual anatomy on the sensitivity of fNIRS measuring hemodynamics within cortical gray matter is still unknown. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and structural MRI of 23 healthy subjects (mean age: (25.0 +/- 2.8) years), we characterized the individual distribution of tissue-specific NIR-light absorption underneath 24 prefrontal fNIRS channels. We, thereby, investigated the impact of scalp-cortex distance (SCD), frontal sinus volume as well as sulcal morphology on gray matter volumes (V(gray)) traversed by NIR-light, i.e. anatomy-dependent fNIRS sensitivity. The NIR-light absorption between optodes was distributed describing a rotational ellipsoid with a mean penetration depth of (23.6 +/- 0.7) mm considering the deepest 5% of light. Of the detected photon packages scalp and bone absorbed (96.4 +/- 9: 7)% and V(gray) absorbed (3.1 +/- 1.8)% of the energy. The mean V(gray) volume (1.1 +/- 0.4)cm(3) was negatively correlated (r = - .76) with the SCD and frontal sinus volume (r = - .57) and was reduced by 41.5% in subjects with relatively large compared to small frontal sinus. Head circumference was significantly positively correlated with the mean SCD (r = .46) and the traversed frontal sinus volume (r = .43). Sulcal morphology had no significant impact on V(gray). Our findings suggest to consider individual SCD and frontal sinus volume as anatomical factors impacting fNIRS sensitivity. Head circumference may represent a practical measure to partly control for these sources of error variance. KW - Beer-lambert law KW - Adult head KW - Human brain KW - Spectroscopy fnirs KW - Photon migration KW - Propagation KW - Scattering KW - Model KW - Tissues KW - Media Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142311 VL - 6 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glotzbach, Evelyn A1 - Mühlberger, Andreas A1 - Gschwendtner, Kathrin A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Herrmann, Martin J T1 - Prefrontal Brain Activation During Emotional Processing: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study (fNIRS) JF - The Open Neuroimaging Journal N2 - The limbic system and especially the amygdala have been identified as key structures in emotion induction and regulation. Recently research has additionally focused on the influence of prefrontal areas on emotion processing in the limbic system and the amygdala. Results from fMRI studies indicate that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved not only in emotion induction but also in emotion regulation. However, studies using fNIRS only report prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction. So far it lacks the attempt to compare emotion induction and emotion regulation with regard to prefrontal activation measured with fNIRS, to exclude the possibility that the reported prefrontal brain activation in fNIRS studies are mainly caused by automatic emotion regulation processes. Therefore this work tried to distinguish emotion induction from regulation via fNIRS of the prefrontal cortex. 20 healthy women viewed neutral pictures as a baseline condition, fearful pictures as induction condition and reappraised fearful pictures as regulation condition in randomized order. As predicted, the view-fearful condition led to higher arousal ratings than the view-neutral condition with the reappraise-fearful condition in between. For the fNIRS results the induction condition showed an activation of the bilateral PFC compared to the baseline condition (viewing neutral). The regulation condition showed an activation only of the left PFC compared to the baseline condition, although the direct comparison between induction and regulation condition revealed no significant difference in brain activation. Therefore our study underscores the results of previous fNIRS studies showing prefrontal brain activation during emotion induction and rejects the hypothesis that this prefrontal brain activation might only be a result of automatic emotion regulation processes. KW - fNIRS KW - Emotional processing KW - emotional regulation Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141714 VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goepel, Johanna A1 - Biehl, Stefanie C. A1 - Kissler, Johanna A1 - Paul-Jordanov, Isabelle T1 - Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter? JF - BMC Pediatrics N2 - Background: Children are able to inhibit a prepotent reaction to suddenly arising visual stimuli, although this skill is not yet as pronounced as it is in adulthood. However, up to now the inhibition mechanism to acoustic stimuli has been scarcely investigated Methods: Reflexive (prosaccade) and inhibitory (antisaccade) responses to visual and acoustic targets were examined with an eye tracker system in 31 children between seven and twelve years of age using a gap-overlap task and two target eccentricities. Results: Acoustically cued saccades had longer reaction times than visually cued saccades. A gap effect (i.e., shorter reaction time in the gap than the overlap condition) was only found for visually elicited saccades, whereas an eccentricity effect (i.e., faster saccades to more laterally presented targets - 12 degrees vs. 6 degrees or rather 90 degrees vs. 45 degrees) was only present in the acoustic condition. Longer reaction times of antisaccades compared to prosaccades were found only in the visual task. Across both tasks the typical pattern of elevated error rates in the antisaccade condition was found. Antisaccade errors declined with age, indicating an ongoing development of inhibitory functions. Conclusions: The present results lay the ground for further studies of acoustically triggered saccades in typically as well as atypically developing children and it might thus be possible to upgrade physiological diagnostic tools. KW - Saccadic eye-movements KW - Auditory targets KW - Voluntary control KW - Task-performance KW - Latency KW - Prosaccade KW - Vergence KW - Stimuli KW - GAP Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141807 VL - 11 IS - 116 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Line, Samantha J. A1 - Barkus, Christopher A1 - Coyle, Clare A1 - Jennings, Katie A. A1 - Deacon, Robert M. A1 - Lesch, Klaus P. A1 - Sharp, Trevor A1 - Bannerman, David M. T1 - Opposing alterations in anxiety and species-typical behaviours in serotonin transporter overexpressor and knockout mice JF - European Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - Human gene association studies have produced conflicting findings regarding the relationship between the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and anxiety. In the present study genetically modified mice were utilised to examine the effects of changes in 5-HTT expression on anxiety. In addition, the influence of 5-HTT expression on two innate “species-typical” behaviours (burrowing and marble burying) and body weight was explored. Across a range of models, 5-HTT overexpressing mice displayed reduced anxiety-like behaviour whilst 5-HTT knockout mice showed increased anxiety-like behaviour, compared to wildtype controls. In tests of species-typical behaviour 5-HTT overexpressing mice showed some facilitation whilst 5-HTT knockout mice were impaired. Reciprocal effects were also seen on body weight, as 5-HTT overexpressors were lighter and 5-HTT knockouts were heavier than wildtype controls. These findings show that variation in 5-HTT gene expression produces robust changes in anxiety and species-typical behaviour. Furthermore, the data add further support to findings that variation of 5-HTT expression in the human population is linked to changes in anxiety-related personality traits. KW - 5-HT KW - 5-HT transporter KW - Anxiety KW - Transgenic mice KW - Body weight Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141222 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Peter A1 - Laux, Gerd T1 - MAO-inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease JF - Experimental Neurobiology N2 - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-I) belong to the earliest drugs tried in Parkinson's disease (PD). They have been used with or without levodopa (L-DOPA). Non-selective MAO-I due to their side-effect/adverse reaction profile, like tranylcypromine have limited use in the treatment of depression in PD, while selective, reversible MAO-A inhibitors are recommended due to their easier clinical handling. For the treatment of akinesia and motor fluctuations selective irreversible MAO-B inhibitors selegiline and rasagiline are recommended. They are safe and well tolerated at the recommended daily doses. Their main differences are related to (1) metabolism, (2) interaction with CYP-enzymes and (3) quantitative properties at the molecular biological/genetic level. Rasagiline is more potent in clinical practise and has a hypothesis driven more favourable side effect/adverse reaction profile due to its metabolism to aminoindan. Both selegiline and rasagiline have a neuroprotective and neurorestaurative potential. A head-to head clinical trial would be of utmost interest from both the clinical outcome and a hypothesis-driven point of view. Selegiline is available as tablet and melting tablet for PD and as transdermal selegiline for depression, while rasagiline is marketed as tablet for PD. In general, the clinical use of MAO-I nowadays is underestimated. There should be more efforts to evaluate their clinical potency as antidepressants and antidementive drugs in addition to the final proof of their disease-modifying potential. In line with this are recent innovative developments of MAO-I plus inhibition of acetylcholine esterase for Alzheimer's disease as well as combined MAO-I and iron chelation for PD. KW - selegiline KW - rasagiline KW - moclobemide KW - phenelzine KW - tranylcypromine KW - acetylcholine KW - Alzheimer disease KW - antidepressive agents KW - depression KW - freezing KW - head KW - indans KW - iron KW - levodopa KW - monoamine oxidase KW - monoamine oxidase inhibitors KW - Parkinson disease Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140930 VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marschelke, Julia Caterine T1 - Handlungsüberwachung bei Schizophrenien und Zykloiden Psychosen - Ein Vergleich der diagnostischen Untergruppen anhand der "error-related negativity" (ERN) T1 - Performance monitoring in schizophrenia and cycloid psychoses-a comparison of the diagnostic subgroups on the basis of the "error-related negativity" (ERN) N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte anhand der error-related negativity (ERN) eine eingeschränkte Fehlerwahrnehmung und im weiteren Sinne eine eingeschränkte Handlungskontrolle bei Patienten mit Erkrankungn aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis im Vergleich zu gesunden Probanden dargestellt werden. Für diesen Vergleich wurde zusätzlich die error- positivity (Pe) herangezogen. Anhand dieser Parameter erfolgte zusätzlich ein Vergleich der Patienten mit einer klassischen Schizophrenie und solchen mit einer Zykloiden Psychose mit Blick auf die bereits existierende klinische Differenzierung gemäß Leonhard. Als Ergebnis ließen sich im Vergleich zu den Kontrollprobanden eine eingeschränkte ERN und eine eingeschränkte Pe bei beiden Patientengruppen feststellen. Die Hypothese, dass Patienten mit einer Zykloiden Psychose sich nicht nur klinisch, sondern auch elektrophysiologisch von den Patienten mit einer klassischen Schizophrenie unterscheiden, ließ sich anhand der ERN und der Pe nicht untermauern. Anders als angenommen wiesen die Patienten mit einer Zykloiden Psychose keine weniger starke Einschränkung der beiden elektrophysiologischen Parameter auf. N2 - In this study we used the error-related negativity (ERN) to show a restricted error- perception and in a broader sense, a limited executive control in patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychoses compared to healthy subjects. Additionally we took the error-positivity (Pe) into account in order to compare these groups. Moreover we tried to differentiate patients with a classical schizophrenia from patients with a cycloid psychosis based on the parameters mentioned above in view of the already existing clinical differentiation according to Leonhard. As a result both patient groups showed lower amplitudes for the ERN and the Pe. The hypothesis that patients with cycloid psychosis differ not only clinically but also electrophysiologically from the patients with classical schizophrenia could not be corroborated by means of the ERN and the Pe. Unlike our assumption patients with a cycloid psychosis did not show less severe restrictions in both electrophysiological parameters compared to those with a classical schizophrenia. KW - Schizophrenie KW - Zykloide Psychose KW - error-related negativity KW - Schizophrenia KW - cycloid psychoses KW - error-related negativity Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71169 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dahlem, Inga Tamiko T1 - Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie (NIRS) als objektives Nachweisverfahren bei Patienten mit chronischer Tinnitus-Erkrankung im Rahmen einer Therapie mit repetitiver transkranieller Magnetstimulation (rTMS) T1 - Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy (NIRS) used as an objective proof procedure in patients with chronic tinnitus during a therapy with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) N2 - Subjektiver Tinnitus ist eine akustische Phantomwahrnehmung, d.h. ohne das Vorhandensein einer externen oder internen Geräuschquelle. Diese oft sehr belastende Störung steht aktuellen Studien zufolge in einem Zusammenhang mit pathologisch gesteigerter Aktivität und Erregbarkeit zentral-nervöser auditorischer Strukturen. Derartige Hyperaktivitäten und –exzitabilitäten konnten bereits experimentell durch eine repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) reduziert werden. Die vorliegende randomisierte, Placebo-kontrollierte Studie ging zwei Fragestellungen nach. Erstens sollte geprüft werden, ob sich das Aktivierungsmuster auf akustische Stimulation im auditorischen Kortex bei Tinnituspatienten von dem gesunder Kontrollpersonen unterscheidet. Zweitens sollte untersucht werden, ob durch eine rTMS eine Tinnitussymptomatik verbessert werden kann und dies in Form einer reduzierten kortikalen Hyperaktivität auch mit der Nah-Infrarot Spektroskopie (NIRS) nachweisbar ist. In der Verum-Gruppe wurden an 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Werktagen täglich je 2000 Stimuli mit einer Frequenz von 1 Hz über dem linken auditorischen Kortex appliziert. Die Tinnitussymptomatik wurde mit dem Tinnitusfragebogen nach Göbel & Hiller (TFB), dem Tinnitus-Handicap-Inventory-Score (THI) und dem Tinnitus-Schweregrad-Fragebogen (TSG) erfasst. Die NIRS-Messungen erfolgten vor und direkt nach der letzten Stimulation mit zwei verschiedenen akustischen Paradigmen und einer motorischen Kontrollaufgabe. Es konnten deutliche Unterschiede bezüglich des Aktivierungsmusters auf akustische Stimulation im auditorischen Kortex zwischen den Tinnituspatienten und gesunden Kontrollpersonen gefunden werden. Die Tinnituspatienten zeigten signifikant stärkere Aktivierungen als die gesunden Kontrollpersonen. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die „Hyperexzitabilitätstheorie“ von Melcher et al. (2009). Ferner konnte, wie in der Studie von Melcher et al. (2009), kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Tinnituslateralisation und dem Aktivierungsmuster gefunden werden. Bezüglich der Effektivität der rTMS gegenüber einer Placebo-Stimulation ließ sich kein eindeutiger Therapieerfolg nachweisen. Es konnte zwar anhand von NIRS-Messungen gezeigt werden, dass die rTMS eine kortikale Hyperexzitabilität stärker reduzierte als die Placebo-Stimulation. Es ließ sich jedoch kein Zusammenhang zwischen der geringeren Hyperexzitabilität und einer verbesserten Tinnitussymptomatik finden. Da jedoch die Fallzahlen dieser Studie klein waren, sollten diese Ergebnisse mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden. Außerdem deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die NIRS eine erfolgversprechende Methode für den objektiven Nachweis Tinnitus-assoziierter zentral-nervöser Veränderungen und möglicherweise auch von Therapieeffekten ist. Sie bietet zahlreiche Vorteile gegenüber anderen bildgebenden Methoden: sie ist einfach in der Handhabung, wiederholt anwendbar, risikoarm, preisgünstig und nicht invasiv. Um die NIRS jedoch als etablierte Nachweismethode in der Klinik einsetzen zu können, sollten weitere Studien mit größeren Fallzahlen generiert werden. Auch sollten optimierte, allgemeingültige akustische Stimulationsparadigmen gefunden werden, um die Ergebnisse künftiger Studien besser miteinander vergleichen zu können. N2 - Subjective Tinnitus is an acoustic phantom perception, i.e. without an external or internal source. According to the latest studies this mostly distressing complex of symptoms is related to a pathologically enhanced activity and excitability in central structures of the auditory system which could have been reduced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in clinical trials. This randomized, placebo-controlled study followed two questions. Firstly, the activity of the auditory cortex after acoustic stimulation in patients with chronic tinnitus was compared with the activity measured in healthy volunteers. Secondly, the study tried to evaluate, if a tinnitus could be reduced by rTMS and if this effect could be shown as a reduced cortical activity using NIRS. In the verum group 2000 pulses with a frequency of 1Hz were daily applied over the left auditory cortex on 10 consecutive weekdays. The severity of tinnitus was categorized by questionaires, such as Tinnitus-Fragebogen nach Goebel & Hiller (TFB), Tinnitus-Handicap-Inventory-Score (THI) and Tinnitus-Schweregrad-Fragebogen (TSG). The NIRS measurements proceeded before and immediately after the last rTMS during the presentation of two different acoustic stimulation patterns and one motoric task. This study could show considerable differences comparing the activation of the auditory cortex after acoustic stimulation in patients with chronic tinnitus and healthy volunteers. The activation in patients with chronic tinnitus was significantly higher compared to the healthy volunteers. These results support the “Theory of Hyperexcitability” invented by Melcher et al. (2009). Additionally, like Melcher et al. (2009), this study could not show a dependence of the cortical activation on the tinnitus lateralisation. This study could not show a significant benefit of the rTMS compared to the placebo stimulation. Though the NIRS measurements showed a reduced cortical hyperexcitability after the verum stimulation, this effect could not be related to a reduced tinnitus. However, these results should be interpreted carefully as the numbers of treated patients was very little. Furthermore this studie’s results suggest that NIRS is a promising, objective proof procedure for tinnitus related changes in central auditory structures and potentially even for therapeutical effects. Its’ benefits are: simple handling, repeatability, low-risk, low running costs and non-invasiveness. In order to use NIRS as an established method in clinical settings more studies including numerous patients should be generated. Furthermore optimized, universally valid acoustic stimulation patterns should be created and broadly used to be able to compare the different studies’ results. KW - Tinnitus KW - rTMS KW - NIRS KW - tinnitus KW - rTMS KW - NIRS Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69726 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bange, Michael T1 - Einfluss von Quetiapin und Flupentixol auf ereigniskorrellierte Potenziale der Konfliktverarbeitung und neuropsychologische Testleistungen T1 - Effect of quetiapine and flupentixol on event-related potentials of conflict processing and neuropsychological test performance N2 - Hintergrund: Schizophrene Patienten zeigen eine verminderte Aktivität frontaler Hirnregionen (Hypofrontalität), was sich insbesondere auch in einer verminderten Aktivität des anterioren cingulären Cortex (ACC) äußert. Die Aktivität dieser Hirnregionen lässt sich medikamentös beeinflussen, wobei sich die Substanzen, die den typischen Antipsychotika zugeordnet werden, von denen der atypischen Antipsychotika grundlegend unterscheiden. Den atypischen Antipsychotika wird hierbei eine positive Wirkung zugesprochen, während typische Antipsychotika häufig keine, teilweise sogar auch negative Effekte auf die frontale Hirnaktivität zeigen. Ziel: Es existieren viele Arbeiten, in denen untersucht wird, inwieweit sich typische und atypische Antipsychotika in ihrer Wirkung auf die Frontalhirnfunktion unterscheiden. Es wurden jedoch bislang nur wenige Studien durchgeführt, in denen man nur eine Substanz der jeweiligen Medikamentengruppe miteinander verglichen hat. Daher war es Ziel der Studie, den generell positiven Effekt atypischer Antipsychotika auf frontale Hirnfunktionen, der sich in einer Vielzahl von Arbeiten gezeigt hat, in einer Vergleichsstudie zwischen Flupentixol und Quetiapin, welche im klinischen Alltag häufig Verwendung finden, nachzuweisen. Dies hätte Vorteile für die Patienten, da sich hierdurch eine bessere Indikationsstellung für das jeweilige Medikament durchführen ließe und damit eine bessere, differenzierte medikamentöse Therapie möglich wäre. Methoden: Es flossen die Daten von 21 Patienten in die Erhebung ein, wobei jeder Patient zu 2 Messzeitpunkten (t1 und t4) neurophysiologisch und neuropsychologisch untersucht wurde. Die psychometrischen Testungen fanden zu 4 Messzeitpunkten (t1, t2, t3 und t4) statt. Die Baselinemessung zu t1 erfolgte innerhalb der ersten 3 Tage im Rahmen eines stationären Aufenthaltes, die Messungen zu t2, t3 und t4 jeweils eine Woche später. 13 Patienten erhielten als Medikation Quetiapin, 8 Patienten Flupentixol. Zur Untersuchung der Frontalhirnaktivität wurde bei den Patienten eine EEGMessung durchgeführt, während sie eine konflikthafte Flankeraufgabe absolvieren mussten (Variable Attention Control, VAC-Aufgabe), bei der hoch-, mittel- und niedrig-interferente Stimuli präsentiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie gestalteten sich heterogen: Während auf kognitiver Ebene teilweise eine positive Wirkung bei den Patienten der Quetiapingruppe nachgewiesen werden konnte, ließ sich dies nicht mit entsprechenden Resultaten auf elektrophysiologischer Ebene korrelieren. In Bezug auf die subjektiv empfundene Lebensqualität zeigte sich bei den Patienten der Quetiapingruppe ein signifikanter Anstieg. Der in vielen Studien nachgewiesene positive Effekt atypischer Antipsychotika auf die Frontalhirnfunktion ließ sich in der vorliegenden Studie also nur eingeschränkt nachweisen. Schlussfolgerung: In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Patienten in einem 4 Wochen andauernden Intervall untersucht. Einige zuvor durchgeführte Arbeiten, die Typika und Atypika in neurophysiologischen Versuchsanordnungen miteinander verglichen, wiesen ein größeres zeitliches Intervall (6 Wochen) zwischen Baseline und Follow-up auf als es in der vorliegenden Studie der Fall war (4 Wochen). Hierdurch könnte sich die Tatsache begründen lassen, dass sich in den neurophysiologischen Versuchen keine signifikant bessere Wirkung für Quetiapin nachweisen ließ. Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Tatsache, dass ein Teil der Patienten zu t1 schon Medikation erhalten hatten, den Baselinewert eventuell erhöht haben könnte. Die Verbesserung der kognitiven Leistung lässt sich zum einen durch das Wirkprofil von Quetiapin, das zu den Atypika zählt begründen, zum anderen durch die signifikante Erhöhung der EPS in der Flupentixolgruppe, die deren Leistungen verschlechtert haben könnten. Die subjektiv empfundene Lebensqualität konnte Quetiapin im Vergleich zu Flupentixol deutlich verbessern. Hierbei ist zu erwähnen, dass die Flupentixolgruppe schon zu t1 eine Punktzahl vorweisen konnte, die nur wenig Raum für Verbesserung ließ und die Tatsache, dass der Grad der EPS deutlich höher war als bei der Quetiapingruppe, was eine weitere Verbesserung der subjektiv empfundenen Lebensqualität wahrscheinlich nicht zuließ. N2 - Background: Schizophrenic patients show reduced activity in frontal brain regions (Hypofrontality), which in particular is expressed also in a reduced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) . The activity of these brain regions can be affected by drugs, wherein the substances associated to typical antipsychotics are fundamentally different from atypical Antipsychotics . The atypical antipsychotics are attributed to a positive effect, while typical antipsychotics don't, some even have negative effects on the frontal brain activity. Target: There are many Trials showing how typical and atypical antipsychotics differ concerning their effect on frontal brain activity. There are only a few studies in which only one substance of each class are compared to each other. Therefore it was the aim of the study to show the overall positive effect of atypical antipsychotics on frontal brain functions. The two substances compared to each other were quetiapin and flupentixol. Methods: In the survey the data from 21 patients were included. In each patient at 2 appointments(t1 and t4), neurophysiological and neuropsychological was investigated. The psychometric test results were evaluated at 4 dates (T1, t2, t3 and t4) instead. The baseline measurement at t1 occurred within the first 3 days as part of an inpatient stay .The measurements at t2, t3 and t4 were made one week later. 13 patients were medicated with quetiapine, 8 patients with flupentixol. To examine the frontal brain activity in these patients an EEG was performed while they had to complete a conflictual variable Attention Control-task). Results: The results of the present study are heterogeneous: While the cognitive level partly showed a positive effect in patients medicated with Quetiapincorresponding results,correlating results on electrophysiological level did not occur. In Terms of the perceived quality of life a significant increase was observed in the patients medicated with Quetiapin. The positive effect shown in many trials did only occur partly in the recent study. Conclusion: In the present study, patients were examined within an interval of 4 weeks. In some trials carried out earlier, the medication was applied over a larger interval of time (6 weeks) between baseline and Follow-up, as it was only 4 weeks in the case of the present study. This could be one reason for the lacking effect by the quetiapin. The fact that there were patients receiving medication at t1 already could also increase the data collected at baseline. The subjectively perceived quality of life among the patients medicated with Quetiapine significantly improved compared with flupentixol. It is worth mentioning that the score among the Flupentixol medicated patients at t1 was already quite high, so there was only little room for improvement, and the fact that there were great EPS symptoms among the Fulpentixol-Patients maybe did not allow a score even higher. KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial KW - Event related potentials Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73714 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gella, Alejandro A1 - Segura, Monica A1 - Durany, Nuria A1 - Pfuhlmann, Bruno A1 - Stoeber, Gerald A1 - Gawlik, Micha T1 - Is Ankyrin a specific genetic risk factor for psychiatric phenotypes? N2 - Background: Genome wide association studies reported two single nucleotide polymorphisms in ANK3 (rs9804190 and rs10994336) as independent genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Another SNP in ANK3 (rs10761482) was associated with schizophrenia in a large European sample. Within the debate on common susceptibility genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we tried to investigate common findings by analyzing association of ANK3 with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. Methods: We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK3 (rs9804190, rs10994336, and rs10761482) in a case-control sample of German descent including 920 patients with schizophrenia, 400 with bipolar affective disorder, 220 patients with unipolar depression according to ICD 10 and 480 healthy controls. Sample was further differentiated according to Leonhard’s classification featuring disease entities with specific combination of bipolar and psychotic syndromes. Results: We found no association of rs9804190 and rs10994336 with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression or schizophrenia. In contrast to previous findings rs10761482 was associated with bipolar disorder (p = 0.015) but not with schizophrenia or unipolar depression. We observed no association with disease entities according to Leonhard’s classification. Conclusion: Our results support a specific genetic contribution of ANK3 to bipolar disorder though we failed to replicate findings for schizophrenia. We cannot confirm ANK3 as a common risk factor for different diseases. KW - Schizophrenie Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68732 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wätzig, Andrea T1 - Neurophysiologische Evidenz für eine Störung des impliziten Gedächtnis bei Alkoholabhängigkeit T1 - Neurophysiological evidence for a dysfunction of implicit memory in chronic alcoholics N2 - Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 21 reine Alkoholpatienten, 6 polytoxikomane Alkoholpatienten und 18 gesunde Kontrollen neurophysiologisch untersucht. Basierend auf einem Paradigma zu Negativem Priming wurden Unterschiede zwischen den genannten Kollektiven bezüglich der Amplitude und Latenz der P300 im EEG untersucht. Kontrollpersonen zeigten in dieser Studie generell eine signifikant kürzere Latenz der P3a als beide Patientenkollektive, was als Hinweis auf eine kognitive Ineffizienz bei Alkoholpatienten gesehen werden kann. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass reine Alkoholpatienten und polytoxikomane Alkoholpatienten bezüglich der Veränderungen der P300 getrennt betrachtet werden müssen, da sich signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich Latenz und Amplitude zwischen den beiden Patientenkollektiven zeigten. Ebenso gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass bei Studien zur P300 Geschlechterunterschiede berücksichtigt werden müssen. Mit vorliegender Studie konnte zudem die Theorie einer prominenten frontocentralen Verteilung der P3a unterstützt werden. N2 - In the following study participated 21 chronic alcoholics, 6 polytoxikomanic alcoholics and 18 healthy subjects. Based on a paradigma with negative priming differences between the 3 collectivs concerning the amplitude and latency of the P300 were analysed. Healthy subjects produced a significant shorter latency of the P3a than both alcoholic groups, which can be seen as an indication of cognitive inefficiency of alcoholics. Because of significant differences between both patient groups concerning the alterations of the P300 it can be shown, that chronic alcoholics and polytoxikomanic alcoholics must be examined separately. Furthermore it seemed to be important to evaluate gender effects. This study also maintain the theory of a prominent frontal/central focus of P3a. KW - Alkoholismus KW - Polytoxikomanie KW - Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial KW - Implizites Gedächtnis KW - negatives Priming KW - P300 KW - negative priming KW - P300 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56769 ER -