TY - THES A1 - Mannefeld, Mirijam T1 - Role of the human LIN complex in DNA damage induced regulation of gene expression T1 - Die Rolle des humanen LIN Komplex in der Genregulation nach DNA Schädigung N2 - In jeder menschlichen Zelle entstehen täglich ca. 10.000 – 150.000 endogene DNA Schäden. Eine Anhäufung dieser Läsionen kann zu genetischer Instabilität führen und dadurch zur Krebsentwicklung beitragen. Daher ist eine schnelle DNA Schadensantwort nötig, um schwerwiegende Folgen für die Zelle zu vermeiden. Da bekannt ist, dass der Multiproteinkomplex LINC (auch humaner dREAM-Komplex genannt) an der transkriptionellen Regulation mitotischer und G2-spezifischer Gene beteiligt ist, sollte in dieser Arbeit seine Beteiligung an der DNA Schadensantwort genauer untersucht werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass in normal wachsenden Zellen B-MYB an den LINC-Kernkomplex bindet, welcher sich aus 5 Proteinen zusammensetzt: LIN-9, LIN-54, LIN-52, LIN-37 und RbAp48. Treten DNA Schäden auf, dissoziiert B-MYB vom LINC Kernkomplex wobei gleichzeitig die Bindung von p130 und E2F4 an LINC induziert wird. Zusätzlich konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Signalweg, der die LINC Umlagerung vermittelt, sowohl p53- als auch p21-abhängig ist. p53 negative Zellen können nach Schädigung der DNA weder einen G1 Block induzieren noch einen G2 Block langfristig aufrechterhalten. Eine Erklärung für diese Schwächung des G2 Arrests liefern Daten dieser Arbeit: Da in DNA geschädigten p53 -/- Zellen keine LINC Umlagerung beobachtet werden kann und zusätzlich B-MYB verstärkt an LINC und die Zielpromotoren bindet, kommt es zu einer erhöhten G2/M Genexpression. Dies resultiert häufig in einem verfrühten Wiedereintritt in den Zellzyklus („checkpoint adaptation“). Eine Daten-Analyse primärer Brustkrebstumore zeigte außerdem, dass erhöhte B-MYB Genexpressionslevel mit einer erhöhte Rückfallgefahr und einer schlechten Prognose korrelieren, was möglicherweise auf die Funktion von B-MYB während der „checkpoint adaptation“ zurückzuführen ist. Schlussendlich lassen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit vermuten, dass die Hemmung der B-MYB Funktion in solchen Tumoren, die p53 Mutationen tragen, die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Behandlungserfolges vergrößern und die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Rückfalls senken könnte. N2 - Around 10.000 – 150.000 endogenous DNA damage-induced lesions occur in a human body per day and cell. Accumulation of unrepaired lesions can lead to aneuploidy and the loss of genomic integrity which in turn contributes to tumor formation. Therefore, an efficient DNA damage response has to be initiated, in the end leading to cell cycle inhibition and induction of repair. Since it is known that a recently characterized human multiprotein complex named LINC (or human dREAM) together with B-MYB is involved in the regulation of G2/M gene expression (Plk1, cyclin B1, cdc2 etc.), its function in the DNA damage response was analyzed in this study. In growing cells B-MYB is associated to the LIN core complex which consists of 5 different proteins named LIN-9, LIN-54, LIN-52, LIN-37 and RbAp48. After induction of DNA damage B-MYB leaves the complex and binding of E2F4 and p130 to LINC is induced. Importantly, the upstream pathway leading to LINC rearrangement is dependent on the activation of p53 and p21. Interestingly, p53 -/- cells solely have the potential to block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, thereby making them vulnerable for errors during G2 arrest induction or maintenance. Here I demonstrate that LINC rearrangement is absent in p53 -/- cells and that B-MYB/LINC binding to target gene promoters is increased. This in turn leads to an increased G2/M gene expression after DNA damage induction and triggers premature cell cycle re-entry (checkpoint adaptation). Significantly, B-MYB expression is increased in p53 mutated primary breast cancer tumors and correlates with poor prognosis and reoccurrence probably due to its function in checkpoint adaptation. This study gives evidence that inhibition of B-MYB gene expression or B-MYB function in p53 mutant tumors could be a good choice for adjuvant therapy. KW - Zellzyklus KW - DNS-Schädigung KW - Myb KW - Mitose KW - Genregulation KW - LIN-9 KW - LINC KW - DNA-Schadensantwort KW - Checkpoint recovery KW - Checkpoint adaptation KW - LIN-9 KW - LINC KW - DNA damage response KW - Checkpoint recovery KW - Checkpoint adaptation Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-39261 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelbeiner, Nicola A1 - Wandt, Viktoria K. A1 - Ebert, Franziska A1 - Lossow, Kristina A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi E. A1 - Martin, Maximilian A1 - Mangerich, Aswin A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Kipp, Anna P. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - A multi-endpoint approach to base excision repair incision activity augmented by PARylation and DNA damage levels in mice: impact of sex and age JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery. KW - maintenance of genomic integrity KW - ageing KW - sex KW - DNA damage KW - base excision repair (incision activity) KW - DNA damage response KW - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation KW - liver Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285706 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 18 ER -